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DeCesaro, Anne, and Jeffrey Hemmeter. 2008. Characteristicsof noninstitutionalized DI and SSI Programparticipants. Research and Statistics Note 2008-02.Washington, DC: Office of Policy, Social SecurityAdministration.Duncan, Otis D., and Beverly Duncan. 1955. A methodologicalanalysis of segregation indexes. AmericanSociological Review 20(2): 210–217.Gabriel, Paul E., and Susanne Schmitz. 2007. Gender differencesin occupational distributions among workers.Monthly Labor Review 130(6): 19–24.Gabriel, Paul E., Donald R. Williams, and SusanneSchmitz. 1990. The relative occupational attainment ofyoung blacks, whites, and Hispanics. Southern EconomicJournal 57(2): 35–46.Hale, Thomas W. 2001. Lack of a disability measure intoday’s Current Population Survey. Monthly LaborReview 124(7): 38–40.Hale, Thomas W., Howard V. Hayghe, and John M. McNeil.1998. Persons with disabilities: Labor market activity,1994. Monthly Labor Review 121(9): 3–12.Haveman, Robert H., and Barbara Wolfe. 1990. The economicwell-being of the disabled, 1962–1984. Journal ofHuman Resources 25(1): 32–55.Hennessey, John C. 1997. Factors affecting the work effortsof disabled-worker beneficiaries. Social Security Bulletin60(3): 3–20.Hennessey, John C., and L. Scott Muller. 1995. The effectof vocational rehabilitation and work incentives on helpingthe disabled-worker beneficiary back to work. SocialSecurity Bulletin 58(1): 15–28.Hotchkiss, Julie. 2004. Growing part-time employmentamong workers with disabilities: Marginalization oropportunity? Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta EconomicReview 3Q: 1–16.Huynh, Minh, Kalman Rupp, and James Sears. 2002. Theassessment of Survey of Income and Program Participation(SIPP) benefit data using longitudinal administrativerecords. SIPP Working Paper No. 238. Washington, DC:Census Bureau.Loprest, Pamela, and David Wittenburg. 2005. Choices,challenges, and options: Child SSI recipients preparingfor the transition to adult life. Washington, DC: UrbanInstitute ( May).McNeil, John M. 1993. Americans with disabilities:1991–1992. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports,P70-33. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office,as cited in Stoddard and others. Chartbook on work anddisability in the United States, 1998. An InfoUse Report.Washington, DC: National Institute on Disability andRehabilitation Research (1998).Miller, Paul W., and Paul A. Volker. 1985. On the determinationof occupational attainment and mobility. Journalof Human Resources 20(2): 197–213.Mulekar, Madhuri S., John C. Knutson, and Jyoti A.Champanerkar. 2008. How useful are approximations tomean and variance of the index of dissimilarity? ComputationalStatistics & Data Analysis 52(4): 2098–2109.Muller, L. Scott. 1992. Disability beneficiaries who workand their experience under program work incentives.Social Security Bulletin 55(2): 2–19.Muller, L. Scott, Charles G. Scott, and Barry V. Bye. 1996.Labor-force participation and earnings of SSI disabilityrecipients: A pooled cross-sectional times seriesapproach to the behavior of individuals. Social SecurityBulletin 59(1): 22–42.National Council on Disability. 2002. National disabilitypolicy: A progress report (December 2000–December2001). Washington, DC: National Council onDisability.Neumark, David, and Elizabeth T. Powers. 2003/2004. Theeffect of the SSI program on labor supply: Improved evidencefrom Social Security administrative files. SocialSecurity Bulletin 65(3): 45–60.Ozawa, Martha N., and Yeong Hun Yeo. 2006. Work statusand work performance of people with disabilities. Journalof Disability Policy Studies 17(3): 180–190.Railroad Retirement Board. 2008. Table B1—Number andaverage amount of retirement and survivor annuities incurrent-payment status at end of year, by type of annuitantand fiscal year, 1998–2007. Available at http://www.rrb.gov/pdf/act/ST07partb1.pdf.Schechter, Evan S. 1999. Industry, occupation, and DisabilityInsurance beneficiary work return. Social SecurityBulletin 62(1): 10–22.Schmidt, Peter, and Robert P. Strauss. 1975. The predictionof occupation using multiple logit models. InternationalEconomic Review 16(2): 471–486.Scott, Charles G. 1992. Disabled SSI recipients who work.Social Security Bulletin 55(1): 26–36.[SSA] Social Security Administration, 2008a. SSI annualstatistical report. Baltimore: Office of Retirement andDisability Policy, Office of Research, Evaluation, andStatistics, Division of SSI Statistics and Analysis.———. 2008b. State assistance programs for SSI recipients,January 2007. Baltimore: Office of Retirement andDisability Policy, Office of Research, Evaluation, andStatistics, Division of SSI Statistics and Analysis.74 Social Security Bulletin • Vol. 69 • No. 3 • 2009
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Social SecuritySocial SecurityBulle
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Social SecurityBulletin Vol. 69, No
Page 6 and 7:
Perspectives77 An Empirical Study o
Page 8 and 9:
Selected Abbreviations—continuedM
Page 10:
within the next few years (Aglira 2
Page 14 and 15:
coverage varies significantly by ra
Page 16 and 17:
non-Hispanic white, and college edu
Page 18 and 19:
same groups (Table 6). For the last
Page 20 and 21:
from DB to DC pensions is accelerat
Page 22 and 23:
Table 8.Percent of individuals who
Page 24 and 25:
not necessarily the largest gains a
Page 26 and 27:
shoring-up DB plans before those pl
Page 28 and 29:
Table B-1.Percent change in mean pe
Page 30 and 31: Table B-3.Percent of individuals wh
Page 32 and 33: ReferencesAaronson, Stephanie, and
Page 35 and 36: Social Security Administration’s
Page 37: Chart 1.Historical expansion of Soc
Page 40 and 41: self-employment information for the
Page 42 and 43: (Cronin 1985). The final earnings r
Page 44 and 45: prior to 1950, first year of earnin
Page 46 and 47: average indexed monthly earnings (A
Page 48 and 49: 13For an explanation of how the sel
Page 50 and 51: Kopczuk, Emmanuel Saez, and Jae Son
Page 53 and 54: Occupations of SSI Recipients Who W
Page 55 and 56: on the differences between the occu
Page 57 and 58: prediction models. Table A-1 lists
Page 59 and 60: Occupational Distributions of theEm
Page 61 and 62: similar, only 4 percent of the popu
Page 63 and 64: Table 5.Estimated occupational dist
Page 65 and 66: Table 7.Predicted Herfindahl-Hirsch
Page 67 and 68: Table 9.Estimated occupational dist
Page 69 and 70: Table 11.Average annual wages of wo
Page 71 and 72: Table A-2.Means and standard errors
Page 73 and 74: Table A-3.Coefficients and standard
Page 79: management, professional, and relat
Page 84 and 85: Selected Abbreviations—continuedO
Page 86 and 87: The 1983 Amendments to the Social S
Page 88 and 89: Chart 1.Proportion of new claimants
Page 90 and 91: Table 4.The evolution of the ARF an
Page 92 and 93: for the test of equality of means b
Page 94 and 95: Table 8.Average monthly Social Secu
Page 96 and 97: in the chart, especially for men, t
Page 98 and 99: 6This is a very important character
Page 100 and 101: Benítez-Silva, Hugo, Berna Demiral
Page 103 and 104: OASDI and SSI Snapshot andSSI Month
Page 105 and 106: Monthly Statistical Snapshot, Augus
Page 107 and 108: Table 2.Recipients, by eligibility
Page 109 and 110: SSI Federally Administered Payments
Page 111 and 112: Table 7.Average monthly payment, by
Page 113: Awards of SSI Federally Administere
Page 116 and 117: Copyright—Authors are responsible
Page 119 and 120: Program Highlights, 2009Old-Age, Su
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