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Kopczuk, Emmanuel Saez, and Jae Song (http://www.nber.org/papers/w13345) and “The Mis-Measurement of PermanentEarnings: New Evidence from Social Security EarningsData” by Bhashkar Mazumder (http://www.chicagofed.org/publications/workingpapers/papers/Wp2001-24.pdf).ReferencesBuckler, Warren. 1988. Commentary: Continuous WorkHistory Sample. Social Security Bulletin 51(4): 12and 56.Census Bureau. 2009. North American Industry ClassificationSystem (NAICS). Available at http://www.census.gov/epcd/www/naics.html.Clingman, Michael D., and Jeffrey L. Kunkel. 1992. Averagewages for 1985–1990 for indexing under the SocialSecurity Act. Actuarial Note No. 133. Baltimore, MD:Social Security Administration, Office of the ChiefActuary. Available at http://www.socialsecurity.gov/OACT/NOTES/note133.html.[CFR] Code of Federal Regulations. 2008. §406.15 Specialprovisions applicable to Medicare qualified governmentemployment. 42 CFR Ch. IV. Subpart C—PremiumHospital Insurance. Available at http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/cfr_2008/octqtr/pdf/42cfr406.15.pdf.Cohen, Wilbur J., and Robert J. Myers. 1950. SocialSecurity Act Amendments of 1950: A summary andlegislative history. Social Security Bulletin 13(10):3–14. Available at http://www.socialsecurity.gov/history/1950amend.html.Corson, John J. 1938. Administering Old-Age Insurance.Social Security Bulletin 1(5): 3–6. Available at http://www.socialsecurity.gov/history/corson538.html.Cronin, Michael A. 1985. Fifty years of operations in theSocial Security Administration. Social Security Bulletin48(6): 14–26. Available at http://www.socialsecurity.gov/history/cronin.html.Donkar, Eli N. 1981. Average wages for indexing under theSocial Security Act and the automatic determinations for1979–81. Actuarial Note No. 103. Baltimore, MD: SocialSecurity Administration, Office of the Chief Actuary.Available at http://www.socialsecurity.gov/OACT/NOTES/note1980s/note103/.Fay, Joseph L., and Max J. Wasserman. 1938. Accountingoperations of the Bureau of Old-Age Insurance. SocialSecurity Bulletin 1(6): 24–28. Available at http://www.socialsecurity.gov/history/fay638.html.General Accounting Office. 1983. Self-employed fiscal yeartaxpayers can receive an advantage compared to selfemployedcalendar year taxpayers at the Social SecurityTrust Funds’ expense. Report No. GAO-83-45. Washington,DC: Government Printing Office. Available at http://archive.gao.gov/d48t13/121836.pdf.[GAO] Government Accountability Office. 2005. Bettercoordination among federal agencies could reduceunidentified earnings reports. Report No. GAO-05-154.Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. Availableat http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d05154.pdf.[IRS] Internal Revenue Service. 2009. Internal RevenueManual 21.7.13 Assigning Employer Identification Numbers(EINs). Retrieved August 12, 2009 at http://www.irs.gov/irm/part21/irm_21-007-013r.html.Myers, Robert J. 1993. Social Security, fourth edition.Philadelphia, PA: Pension Research Council.Panis, Constantijn, Ronald Euller, Cynthia Grant, MelissaBradley, Christine E. Peterson, Randall Hirscher, andPaul Steinberg. 2000. SSA Program Data User’s Manual.Baltimore, MD: Social Security Administration.Pattison, David. 2007. Internal working notes on the rawMEF Detail Segment. Washington, DC: Social SecurityAdministration, Office of Retirement and DisabilityPolicy.Pattison, David, and Hilary Waldron. 2008. Trends inelective deferrals of earnings from 1990–2001 in SocialSecurity administrative data. Research and StatisticsNote No. 2008-03. Available at http://www.socialsecurity.gov/policy/docs/rsnotes/rsn2008-03.html.Scott, Charles G. 1999. Identifying the race or ethnicityof SSI recipients. Social Security Bulletin 62(4): 9–20.Available at http://www.socialsecurity.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v62n4/v62n4p9.pdf.[SSA] Social Security Administration. 1990. Annual StatisticalSupplement to the Social Security Bulletin, 1990.Washington, DC: SSA.———. 2007. Performance and accountability report forfiscal year 2007, performance section. Available at http://www.socialsecurity.gov/finance/2007/Performance_Section.pdf.———. 2008. Annual Statistical Supplement to the SocialSecurity Bulletin, 2008. Washington, DC: SSA. Availableat http://www.socialsecurity.gov/policy/docs/statcomps/supplement/2008/supplement08.pdf.———. 2009a. Contribution and benefit base. Available athttp://www.socialsecurity.gov/OACT/COLA/cbb.html.———. 2009b. Office of Audit Fiscal Year 2009 WorkPlan. Baltimore, MD: SSA, Office of Inspector General.Available at http://www.socialsecurity.gov/oig/ADOBEPDF/workplan2009.pdf.———. 2009c. Online Social Security Handbook: YourBasic Guide to the Social Security Programs. Availableat http://www.socialsecurity.gov/OP_Home/handbook/handbook.html.———. 2009d. Overview of Social Security employer nomatchletters process. Available at http://www.socialsecurity.gov/legislation/nomatch2.htm.44 Social Security Bulletin • Vol. 69 • No. 3 • 2009
———. 2009e. What does FICA mean and why are SocialSecurity taxes called FICA contributions? Available athttp://www.socialsecurity.gov/mystatement/fica.htm.———. n.d. Recordkeeping in the Division of AccountingOperations. Washington, DC: SSA, Bureau of Old-Ageand Survivors Insurance.[SSB] Social Security Board. 1938. 1938 Advisory councilreport—President’s letter of transmittal to the Congress.Available at http://www.socialsecurity.gov/history/reports/38advisepres.html.———. 1944. Social Security Yearbook. Washington, DC:Social Security Board.Smith, Creston M. 1989. The Social Security Administration’sContinuous Work History Sample. Social SecurityBulletin 52(10): 20–28.Streckewald, Frederick G. 2005. Testimony before theHouse Committee on Ways and Means, Subcommitteeon Social Security. First in a series of subcommitteehearings on Social Security number high-risk issues(November 1). 109th Cong., 1 st sess. Committee on Waysand Means Serial No. 109-40. Available at http://www.socialsecurity.gov/legislation/testimony_110105.html.Whitman, Kevin. 2008. An overview of the RailroadRetirement Program. Social Security Bulletin 68(2):41–51. Available at http://www.socialsecurity.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v68n2/v68n2p41.html.Social Security Bulletin • Vol. 69 • No. 3 • 2009 45
Page 1 and 2: Social SecuritySocial SecurityBulle
Page 3: Social SecurityBulletin Vol. 69, No
Page 6 and 7: Perspectives77 An Empirical Study o
Page 8 and 9: Selected Abbreviations—continuedM
Page 10: within the next few years (Aglira 2
Page 14 and 15: coverage varies significantly by ra
Page 16 and 17: non-Hispanic white, and college edu
Page 18 and 19: same groups (Table 6). For the last
Page 20 and 21: from DB to DC pensions is accelerat
Page 22 and 23: Table 8.Percent of individuals who
Page 24 and 25: not necessarily the largest gains a
Page 26 and 27: shoring-up DB plans before those pl
Page 28 and 29: Table B-1.Percent change in mean pe
Page 30 and 31: Table B-3.Percent of individuals wh
Page 32 and 33: ReferencesAaronson, Stephanie, and
Page 35 and 36: Social Security Administration’s
Page 37: Chart 1.Historical expansion of Soc
Page 40 and 41: self-employment information for the
Page 42 and 43: (Cronin 1985). The final earnings r
Page 44 and 45: prior to 1950, first year of earnin
Page 46 and 47: average indexed monthly earnings (A
Page 48 and 49: 13For an explanation of how the sel
Page 53 and 54: Occupations of SSI Recipients Who W
Page 55 and 56: on the differences between the occu
Page 57 and 58: prediction models. Table A-1 lists
Page 59 and 60: Occupational Distributions of theEm
Page 61 and 62: similar, only 4 percent of the popu
Page 63 and 64: Table 5.Estimated occupational dist
Page 65 and 66: Table 7.Predicted Herfindahl-Hirsch
Page 67 and 68: Table 9.Estimated occupational dist
Page 69 and 70: Table 11.Average annual wages of wo
Page 71 and 72: Table A-2.Means and standard errors
Page 73 and 74: Table A-3.Coefficients and standard
Page 79 and 80: management, professional, and relat
Page 81: Stapleton, David C., Nanette Goodma
Page 84 and 85: Selected Abbreviations—continuedO
Page 86 and 87: The 1983 Amendments to the Social S
Page 88 and 89: Chart 1.Proportion of new claimants
Page 90 and 91: Table 4.The evolution of the ARF an
Page 92 and 93: for the test of equality of means b
Page 94 and 95: Table 8.Average monthly Social Secu
Page 96 and 97: in the chart, especially for men, t
Page 98 and 99: 6This is a very important character
Page 100 and 101:
Benítez-Silva, Hugo, Berna Demiral
Page 103 and 104:
OASDI and SSI Snapshot andSSI Month
Page 105 and 106:
Monthly Statistical Snapshot, Augus
Page 107 and 108:
Table 2.Recipients, by eligibility
Page 109 and 110:
SSI Federally Administered Payments
Page 111 and 112:
Table 7.Average monthly payment, by
Page 113:
Awards of SSI Federally Administere
Page 116 and 117:
Copyright—Authors are responsible
Page 119 and 120:
Program Highlights, 2009Old-Age, Su
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