Table 4.Estimated occupational distributions of the employed population with disabilities, by occupationalchoicemodel aOccupationSSI recipientsNon-SSI recipients with—No disability Any disability Work disabilityTotal 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00Management, professional, and related 18.46 29.03 25.87 22.70Management 4.38 9.06 6.94 5.67Business and financial operations 2.55 3.70 3.15 2.77Computer and mathematical, architecture andengineering, life, physical and social science 1.23 3.98 3.64 2.73Community and social services 2.35 1.26 1.71 1.54Legal 0.45 0.87 0.74 0.64Education, training, and library 3.36 4.21 4.32 3.91Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media 2.27 1.57 1.43 1.60Health-care practitioner and technical 1.88 4.39 3.93 3.85Service 27.95 17.21 20.53 22.90Health-care support 2.17 2.41 2.95 3.08Protective service 2.00 2.09 2.11 2.05Food preparation and serving related 6.83 5.00 5.74 6.25Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance 9.32 4.38 5.80 6.65Personal care and service 7.63 3.33 3.93 4.88Sales and office 27.17 26.47 25.54 24.55Sales and related 10.84 10.98 10.65 10.99Office and administrative support 16.32 15.49 14.89 13.34Farming, fishing, and forestry 0.76 0.68 0.73 0.81Construction, extraction, maintenance, and repair 7.66 11.34 10.92 12.19Production, transportation, and material moving 18.01 15.28 16.43 17.06Production 7.15 8.06 8.33 8.08Transportation and material moving 10.86 7.22 8.09 8.98SOURCE: Author's calculations using the 2007 American Community Survey.NOTES: The sum of individual categories may not equal the total because of rounding.a. The occupational-choice models are based on separate multinomial logit regressions of occupation for each population group.Covariates in all models include sex, ethnicity, race, marital status, education, age, and age squared. The disabled, work-disabled, andworking-SSI models also include disability type as additional covariates. All estimates use ACS balanced repeated replicate sampleweights. See Table A-3 for the results of the models.population. Thus, Table 3 shows the predicted occupationaldistribution the working SSI population wouldhave if their observable characteristics affected theiroccupational choice in the same manner as the referencepopulation. Note that the predicted occupationaldistribution of a group based on its own populationmodel is identical to the actual distribution in Table 1,although the standard errors are slightly different. 18Considering the occupational distributions of theworking SSI population (Table 3), fewer SSI recipientswould work in service occupations (from 34 percent to22 percent) and production, transportation, and materialmoving occupations (from 30 percent to 18 percent)if their occupations were distributed accordingto the no-disability occupational-choice model.Additionally, more working SSI recipients would bein construction, extraction, maintenance, and repairoccupations (from 4 percent to 13 percent) and management,professional, and related occupations (from10 percent to 19 percent) under the this model.Most of the individual occupations see changes ofless than 1 percentage point. The largest change is thereduction of SSI recipients working in building andgrounds cleaning and maintenance (from 15 percent to5 percent). The following occupations all see achange of more than 3 percentage points under theno-disability occupational-choice model: management;office and administrative support; construction,56 <strong>Social</strong> <strong>Security</strong> Bulletin • Vol. 69 • No. 3 • 2009
Table 5.Estimated occupational distributions of the employed population without disabilities, by occupationalchoicemodel aOccupationSSI recipientsNon-SSI recipients with—No disability Any disability Work disabilityTotal 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00Management, professional, and related 21.61 35.62 34.22 29.74Management 6.32 9.88 8.68 7.41Business and financial operations 1.64 4.55 4.32 3.55Computer and mathematical, architecture andengineering, life, physical and social science 1.28 5.45 5.42 4.20Community and social services 3.14 1.58 1.91 1.64Legal 0.58 1.17 0.96 0.90Education, training, and library 3.16 5.84 6.37 5.40Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media 2.56 1.92 1.65 1.62Health-care practitioner and technical 2.94 5.23 4.90 5.01Service 24.71 15.97 16.83 20.58Health-care support 1.53 2.20 2.81 3.29Protective service 1.69 2.10 1.73 2.08Food preparation and serving related 7.13 4.99 5.02 5.66Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance 8.09 3.58 4.12 5.11Personal care and service 6.27 3.10 3.14 4.46Sales and office 30.47 25.15 25.27 23.61Sales and related 11.37 11.00 10.69 11.11Office and administrative support 19.09 14.15 14.59 12.50Farming, fishing, and forestry 0.52 0.67 0.71 0.85Construction, extraction, maintenance, and repair 8.47 10.02 9.17 10.18Production, transportation, and material moving 14.22 12.57 13.80 15.04Production 5.10 6.64 7.22 7.35Transportation and material moving 9.12 5.94 6.57 7.70SOURCE: Author's calculations using the 2007 American Community Survey.NOTES: The sum of individual categories may not equal the total because of rounding.a. The occupational-choice models are based on separate multinomial logit regressions of occupation for each population group.Covariates in all models include sex, ethnicity, race, marital status, education, age, and age squared. The disabled, work-disabled, andworking-SSI models also include disability type as additional covariates. All estimates use ACS balanced repeated replicate sampleweights. See Table A-3 for the results of the models.extraction, maintenance and repair; production; andtransportation and material moving.Similar movements occur under the disability andwork-related disability occupational-choice models,which yield similar results. For example, the percentageof working SSI recipients in management,professional, and related occupations increases from9 percent to about 15 percent under these models,and the percentage in production, transportation, andmaterial moving occupations falls from 30 percent toabout 20–22 percent under these models.Tables 4, 5, and 6 present similar estimates for thepopulations with any disability, no disability, and awork disability, respectively. 19 Because this article isfocused on the SSI population, only the differencesbetween the actual distributions and the working-SSImodel are discussed here. As would be expected,when the working-SSI model is used to predict occupationaldistributions, the reverse of what was seen inTable 3 occurs. For example, the percentage of thosewith disabilities in management, professional, andrelated occupations falls from 26 percent to 18 percent(Table 4). Similarly, the decrease in the percentagein these occupations under the working SSI occupational-choicemodel is from 36 percent to 22 percentfor the population without a disability (Table 5) and23 percent to 20 percent for the population with a workdisability (Table 6).<strong>Social</strong> <strong>Security</strong> Bulletin • Vol. 69 • No. 3 • 2009 57
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Social SecuritySocial SecurityBulle
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Social SecurityBulletin Vol. 69, No
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Perspectives77 An Empirical Study o
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within the next few years (Aglira 2
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Awards of SSI Federally Administere
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Copyright—Authors are responsible
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Program Highlights, 2009Old-Age, Su