Schizophrenia Research Trends

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114Stephen I. Deutsch, John Mastropaolo and Barbara L. SchwartzRosse RB, Deutsch SI. Adjuvant galantamine administration improves negative symptoms ina patient with treatment-refractory schizophrenia. Clinical Neuropharmacology 2002;25(5): 272-275.Schwartz BL, Hashtroudi S, Herting RL, Handerson H, Deutsch SI. Glycine prodrugfacilitates memory retrieval in humans. Neurology 1991; 41: 1341-1343.Schwartz BL, Hashtroudi S, Herting RL, Deutsch SI. The effects of milacemide on item andsource memory. Clinical Neuropharmacology 1992; 15(2): 114-119.Schwartz BL, Hashtroudi S, Herting RL, Schwartz P, Deutsch SI. D-Cycloserine enhancesimplicit memory in Alzheimer patients. Neurology 1996; 46: 420-424.Schwartz BL, Hashtroudi S, Herting RL, Fakouhi TD, Deutsch SI. The NMDA receptorcomplex: enhancement of memory in aging and dementia. In: Herrmann D, McEvoy C,Hertzog C, Hertel P, Johnson M, eds. Basic and Applied Memory Research: Volume 2,Practical Applications. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., 1996,pp. 423-437.Schwartz BL, Parker ES, Hovaguimian A, Williams A, Rosse RB, Deutsch SI. Contextdependentmemory impairment in schizophrenia: Analysis of the frontal dysfunctionhypothesis. International Congress on Schizophrenia Research. March 29- April 2,submitted abstract.Schwartz BL, Howard DV, Howard JH Jr, Hovaguimian A, Deutsch SI. Implicit learning ofvisuospatial sequences in schizophrenia. Neuropsychology 2003; 17(3): 517-533.Shank RP, Gardocki JF, Streeter AJ, Maryanoff BE. An overview of the preclinical aspects oftopiramate: Pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and mechanism of action. Epilepsia 2000;41 (Suppl. 1): S3-9.Sharma RP, Shapiro LE, Kamath SK, Soll EA, Watanabe MD, Davis JM. Acute dietarytryptophan depletion: effects on schizophrenic positive and negative symptoms.Neuropsychobiology 1997; 35(1): 5-10.Simpson MD, Slater P, Royston MC, Deakin JF. Alterations in phencyclidine and sigmabinding sites in schizophrenic brains. Effects of disease process and neurolepticmedication. Schizophrenia Research 1992; 6: 41-48.Tamminga CA. Schizophrenia and glutamatergic transmission. Critical Reviews inNeurobiology 1998; 12: 21-36.Weinberger DR, Lipska BK. Cortical maldevelopment, anti-psychotic drugs, andschizophrenia: a search for common ground. Schizophrenia Research 1995; 16: 87-110.
In: Schizophrenia Research Trends ISBN 13: 978-1-60021-746-3Editor: Konstance V. Almann, pp. 115-136© 2008 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.Chapter IVEVOLUTION AND SCHIZOPHRENIAJoseph Polimeni and Jeffrey P. ReissUniversity of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, CanadaABSTRACTThis author explores major evolutionary ideas related to schizophrenia, covering fourgeneral topics. First, the essential groundwork that justifies the application of evolutionaryprinciples to psychiatric disorders is established. Second, we examine evolutionary theoriesthat frame schizophrenia in its classical orientation, as a disease or accident of normal brainevolution. Third, theories that attribute some evolutionary advantage to schizophrenia arereviewed. Last, a more detailed description of our own hypothesis is presented, suggesting thatthe origins of schizophrenia may involve shamanism and group selection.INTRODUCTIONEvolution may be framed as the study of genes through time. Researchers have typicallyignored evolutionary perspectives related to psychiatric conditions because the crucialelements, genes and time, are essentially undetermined. The genetic machinations of classicpsychiatric disorders have, thus far, been inaccessible and very few systematic psychiatricaccounts can be found in the ancient historical record. The scarcity of necessary knowledgein contemporary psychiatry, however, in no way diminishes its potential importance. Inmedical ailments where the genetics and history are more completely understood such assickle cell anemia, thalassemia or cystic fibrosis, evolutionary principles form an integral partof our comprehensive appreciation of these conditions [1-3]. Similarly, there is sufficientevidence that many psychiatric conditions rely on genetic instruction in addition to havingbeen around since ancient times. Evolution, therefore, has almost undoubtedly played aprominent role in the configuration of these conditions.
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SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH TRENDS
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Copyright © 2008 by Nova Science P
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PREFACESchizophrenia is a chronic,
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Prefaceixdisorder with symptoms man
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In: Schizophrenia Research Trends I
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Body Image Deviation in Chronic Sch
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56Guy SandnerSubsets of the Disease
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60Guy Sandnerlinked to the ongoing
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62Guy Sandnercorrelated with its pr
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Page 84 and 85: 72Guy Sandnerand the cause of the d
Page 86 and 87: 74Guy SandnerA third explanation pl
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Page 90 and 91: 78Guy SandnerBOX 1DiagnosisPositive
Page 92 and 93: 80Guy SandnerBOX 2Cognitive Science
Page 94 and 95: 82Guy SandnerREFERENCES[1] Alberts
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Page 98 and 99: 86Guy Sandner[71] Frank N, Farrer C
Page 100 and 101: 88Guy Sandner[103] Jeon YW, Polich
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164M. Nieznański, A. Chojnowska, W
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184Special Book Bibliography on Sch
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INDEXAabdomen, 38abnormal, 132abuse
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Index 251BMA, 216body, vii, viii, 1
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Index 253CRR, 90CTA, 139, 140, 143,
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Index 255eyes, 6, 24, 25, 50, 52, 6
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Index 257inhibition, ix, x, 60, 64,
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Index 259metabolism, 97, 103, 105,
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Index 261personal accounts, 123pers
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Index 263risk, 23, 26, 30, 39, 48,
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Index 265Ttactile stimuli, 85Taiwan
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