Schizophrenia Research Trends

14Reiko Koide and Akira Tamaokacompared according to high (above or equal to mean) and low (lower than mean) scores onsubscales and total scores of SAPS, SANS and SAI. Sub-grouping was also done accordingto the clinical factors of years of hospitalization and age at onset of disease, as well as dailyequivalent dose of chlorpromazine. The SPSS (version 10) was used for statistical analysis.ResultsGroup Differences of the BIQ Item ScoresThe 23 out of 59 BIQ items proved to be differentiating two diagnostic groups. Theywere being weak, being prone to sickness, being underdeveloped, being dirty, moving slowly,being poor at athletics, being prone to losing balance, being prone to injury, being numb,being clumsy with hands, being prone to catching colds, speaking with a feeble voice, beingalways gloomy, being unable to work in dark rooms, being susceptible to infection, beingunable to move his/her body freely, having a weak heart, minding being touched by others,being meager, not being prone to becoming excited, having weak teeth, having unusuallylong arms and being listless. (See Table 2.)Factor Analysis and Obtained Differential FactorsFactor AnalysesFactor analyses of the three BIQ components, anatomical, functional, and psychological,using varimax rotation as the principal method, identified three factors with eigenvaluesgreater than 1 for each component. All items except two (items 37 and 41) had substantialloading on each of the factors. Total variances explained were 47.15%,52.16% and 44.96%,respectively. Each of the three anatomical factors was composed of items indicating theimages of smallness, fatness and roundness, respectively. Each of the three functional factorswas composed of items indicating the images of dullness in movement, powerlessness andunusually strong gastrointestinal function, respectively. Each of the three psychologicalfactors was composed of items indicating the images of dissatisfaction, lifelessness andfragility, respectively. (See Table 3 & 4.)Differentiating FactorsBased on the results of the t-test of means of obtained factor scores of schizophrenic andnormal control groups, five proved to be factors that differentiated the two groups. Thesefactors are F-1 (dullness in movement, t=3.099, df=159.101, p=0.002), F-2 (powerlessness,t=4.458, df=136.065, p=0.000), F-3 (unusually strong gastrointestinal function, t=2.332,df=263, p=0.020), P-2 (lifelessness, t=3.042,df=260, p=0.003) and P-3 (fragility, t=4.507,df=260, p=0.000). (See Table 4.)