Schizophrenia Research Trends

12Reiko Koide and Akira Tamaokasupplemental component, i.e., the hypothetical contradiction, which measures amenability todelusional experiences (David, 1990).SubjectsThe study sample consisted of 93 chronic schizophrenics; 44 were men and 49 werewomen. The mean (SD) age of the patients was 48.5 (10.1) years. All of them were inpatientsat chronic psychiatric wards of a mental hospital in Ibaraki Prefecture in Japan. They werediagnosed as schizophrenic, on the basis of medical records, according to DSM-IV criteria(Subtypes: 24 Paranoid types, 40 Disorganized types, 25 Residual types, 4 Undifferentiatedtypes). The mean (SD) duration of hospitalization was 24.1 (10.6) years, and the mean (SD)age of onset was 24.0 (7.0) years old. Their mean (SD) dose of neuroleptics was 469.8(397.5) mg/day of chlorpromazine equivalent dose. The mean SAPS scores of the subjectswas 26.2. The mean of SANS scores was 67.8. The mean SAI score was 8.4. The normalcontrol group was comprised of 177 normally functioning adults of whom 78 were men and99 were women. The mean (SD) age was 44.9 (12.6) years old. The normal adults wereattending university summer school classes in psychology, and were confirmed to be normalby the General Health Questionnaire, the GHQ (short form, Goldberg, 1972; Goldberg &Williams, 1988). All subjects were informed of the purpose of the study and activelyparticipated with written informed consent. (See Table 1.)Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of subjects. (Studies 1 and 5.)Schizophrenic Normal(N=93)(N=177)Demographic characteristicsMean Age 48.5 44.9Gender (% male) 47.3 44.1Clinical characteristicsMean (Range)Age of Onset 24.0 (14-45)Years of Hospitalization 24.1 (3-47)Dose of CPZ (mg/day) 469.8 (30-2156)SAPS 26.2 (0-94)SANS 67.8 (9-152)SDS 42.5 (24-64)SAI (Insight) 8.4 (0-14)Data AnalysisComparisons of Means of each BIQ Item ScoresThe means of the scores of 59 BIQ items were compared between schizophrenic andnormal control groups using t-test.