jiafm, 2010-32(2) april-june. - forensic medicine

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ISSN 0971-0973 J Indian Acad Forensic Med, 32(2)Table No. 2Time of AccidentInterval(hrs) No. of cases (%)00:01 – 06:00 11 (10.47%)06:01 – 12:00 32 (30.47%)12:01 – 18:00 46 (43.80%)18:01 – 24:00 16 (15.23%)Total 105 (100%)Table No. 3Distribution according to Type of VictimType of victim No.of cases (%)Pedestrians 38 (36.19%)Vehicular occupants 67 (63.80%)(Two Wheeler, LMV,HMV)Total 105 (100%)Table No. 4Distribution according to Type of VehicularOccupantsType of vehicle No. of cases (%)Two wheeler 44 (65.67%)Light motor vehicles (LMV) 10 (14.92%)Heavy motor vehicles 13 (19.40%)(HMV)Total 67 (100%)Table No. 5Distribution according to Type of Skull FractureType of skull fracture No. of cases (%)Fissured 48 (45.71%)Comminuted 20 (19.04%)Depressed 15 (14.28%)Multiple type (>1) 22 (20.95%)Total 105(100%)Table No. 6Site of Skull FractureSite No. of cases (%)Frontal 20 (19.04%)Temporal 23 (21.90%)Parietal 29 (27.61%)Occipital 08 (07.61%)Multiple(>1 site) 25 (23.80%)Total 105(100%)Table No.7Distribution according to Type of IntracranialhemorrhageType of hemorrhage No. of cases (%)Extradural (EDH) 21 (20.00%)Subdural (SDH) 33 (31.42%)Subarachnoid (SAH) 16 (15.23%)Intracerebral 06 (05.71%)Intraventricular 04 (03.80%)Multiple(>1) 25 (23.80%)Total 105(100%)Table No.8Duration of Survival timeDuration No. of cases (%)0 – 24hrs 62 (59.04%)24 -48hrs 13 (12.38%)2 – 7days 22 (20.95%)> 7days 08 (07.61%)Total 105 (100%)112
J Indian Acad Forensic Med, 32(2) ISSN 0971-0973Original research paperEstimation of Age in the LivingMunicipal Employees in the Age Group of 25-45 Years by Physicaland Radiological Examination*Shendarkar A.T., **Kharat R, ***Vaz WF, ****Karjodkar F.R., *****Rede K.R.AbstractEmployees from government and local self-government bodies come to Departments of Forensic Medicinefor age estimation for the purpose of permanent employment. According to the rules and regulations of theMunicipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM) and court orders, they are confirmed as permanent employeesafter a specified duration of temporary service. The age criterion is very important as regards their dates ofretirement and service benefits. But because of low socioeconomic status & illiteracy, most of these employees haveno documentary evidence of their birth dates. Their age, therefore, remains a mystery to be solved.The human body develops very fast in the first 20 years of life, but growth slows thereafter. There isprecious little information on the estimation of age in the later years, resulting in the lack of reliable methods for thispurpose.A sincere attempt to arrive at a fairly conclusive range of age with respect to changes in physical features,especially graying of hair, wrinkling of skin and radiological evaluations of fusion of components of the sternumand changes in the teeth and mandible with respect to mandibular canal seen in an oral orthopantomogram wascontemplated.Key Words: Orthopantomogram, Sternebral Fusion, Xiphisternum, Manubrio-Sternal Fusion, Regression FormulaIntroduction:The current study was conducted in theDepartment of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology ofa municipal medical institution in Mumbai, on 64male municipal employees. Of these, 32 weretemporary hands, randomly selected as the studygroup from a among 140 sent by the Section Officer,Solid Waste Management, G North, MCGM for thepurpose of estimation of their ages prior to conferringpermanent status upon them.Corresponding Author:*Lecturer, Deptt. of Forensic Medicine &Toxicology, NDMVPS‟s Medical College, Nashik,Email: ajay_fmt@yahoo.co.in**Lecturer, Deptt. of Forensic Medicine &Toxicology, Bharati Vidyapith, Pune***Professor & Head, Deptt .of Forensic Medicine,Seth GS Medical College & KEM Hospital, Mumbai****Professor & Head, Deptt. of Oral Radiology,Nair Dental College & Hospital, Mumbai*****Statistician & Lecturer, Deptt. of Preventive &Social Medicine, TN Medical College & BYL NairCharitable Hospital, MumbaiAnother 32, whose ages were known fromlegitimate birth certificates, were chosen as controls.The project was undertaken with the objectives ofsimultaneously fulfilling the requirement by theMCGM of certification of age of its temporaryemployees and the development of a simple, yetreasonably accurate, and reliable method forestimation of age in the living between the ages of 25and 45 years.All the subjects were physically examined,with special reference to graying of scalp, body andpubic hair and wrinkling of skin of the forehead,temporal region and below the eyes (all of whichwere assessed subjectively). They were thensubjected to routine radiological examination forfusion of the sternal components as seen in a rightlateral view of the chest, and an oralorthopantomogram (OPG) to view parameters thatwere anticipated to be useful in the estimation of age.Fusion of the components of the sternum could beeasily determined by naked-eye scrutiny of theroentgenograms of the chest, while the OPGs wereseparately assessed by three independent observers.Materials and Methods:1. Study Group:Thirty two temporary municipal employeessent by the Section Officer, Solid Waste113
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