ISSN 0971-0973 J Indian Acad Forensic Med, <strong>32</strong>(2)between head injury and the development ofpneumonia.References:1. Tedeschi CG, Eckert WG & Tedeschi LG. In “ForensicMedicine: A study in trauma and environmental hazards, Vol.I, Mechanical Trauma “section 1, Mechanical Injury: Chapter3: Head injury at p 30. WB Saunders Co. Philadelphia(1977).2. Bailey & Love‟s Short Textbook of Surgery, 23 rd ed, SkerrRcand Maartens NF (Eds). The Cranium, Scalp, Skull, Brainat pp 548 – 552. Arnold, London (2001).3. Freytag E. Autopsy Findings in Head injuries from BluntForces: Arch. Pathology, 75, 402-413, (1963).4. Sevitt S. Fatal road traffic accidents: British J Surgery, 55, no7, 481-505, (1968).5. Maloney AFJ & Whatmore WJ. Clinical and Pathologicalobservations in fatal head injuries: British J Surgery, Jan, 56,23-31, (1969).6. Tonge J I, O‟Reilly M J J, Davison A, Johnston NG &Wilkey I S. Traffic crash fatalities (1968-73): Injury patternsand other factors, Medicine Science law, 17: 1, pp 9-24,(1977).7. Chandra J, Dogra T D, Dikshit P C. Patterns of craniointracranialinjuries in fatal vehicular accidents in Delhi,(1966-1976), Medicine Science Law, 19: 3 pp 186-194,(1979).8. Tyagi A K, Sharma G K & Bishnu Kumar. Cranio cerebraldamage by blunt force impact: J Indian Academy of Forensic<strong>medicine</strong>, 1, pp 24-39, (1986).9. Ghosh P K. Postmortem Study of pattern of injury involvingpedestrian victims: J of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 3& 4, July-Dec, pp. 1-7, (1991).10. Fimate L, Chandra J & Dikshit PC. Survival time inrelation to consciousness and severity of head injury: Journalof Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 8, no 3 and 4, July-Dec,pp. 15-19, (1992).11. Jennet Bryan. Epidemiology of head injury: Journal ofNeurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 60, 362-369, (1996).12. Tirpude BH, Naik R S, Anjankar A J & Khajuria BK.Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Jan-March,20(1), pp 9-12, (1998).13. Dr Inamdar P I, Dr Goudar E, Dr. Yadwad S. “A study ofhead injuries in Medicolegal Autopsies conducted at DistrictHospital Mortuary, Belgaum”,(2000) Internet source.14. Akang E E U, Okati M A O, Osunkaya A O, Komolate EO, Malomo A O, Shokunbi M T & Amutta S B. Pattern offatal head injuries in Ibadan – A 10 yr review, MedicineScience and Law, 42: 2, pp 160-166, (2002).15. Yavuz M, Asirdizer M, Cetin G, Balci G Y & Kok M A.The correlation between skull fractures and intracraniallesions due to traffic accidents: American Journal of ForensicMedicine and Pathology, 24, no 4, pp 339-345, Dec (2003).16. Dimaio V J & Dimaio D. Forensic Pathology, 2 nd edition,Ch 6, Trauma to the skull and brain: Craniocerebral Injuries,155, CRC Press, Florida, (2001).Table 1Age and sex distributionSexAge (years)0+- 10 10+ - 20 20+ -30 30+ - 40 40+ - 50 50+ - 60 60+ - 70 > 70 TotalMale 6 16 42 40 29 20 10 4 167Female 6 4 3 2 2 3 1 1 22Total 12 20 45 42 31 23 11 5 189Percentage 6.30 10.6 23.80 22.30 16.40 12.20 5.80 2.60 100.00Table 2Age distribution of victims of road traffic and vehicular accidentsAge group in years 0+- 10 10+ - 20 20+ - 30 30+ - 40 40+ - 50 50+ - 60 60+ - 70 > 70 Total (% age)Pedestrians 3 2 4 9 4 3 5 0 30 (57.70)Motor cyclist/ -- 2 3 4 4 -- 1 -- 14 (26.90)scooteristPassenger 1 1 -- 1 -- 1 -- -- 04 (7.70)Driver of car/bus -- -- -- -- 1 -- -- -- 01 (1.90)Fall from running bus -- -- 3 -- -- -- -- -- 03 (5.80)Total 4 5 10 14 9 4 6 0 52 (100.00)Table 3Age distribution of victims in railway accidentsAge groups in years 0-10 10+- 20 20+ -30 30+ -40 40+ -50 50+ -60 60+ -70 > 70 Total(%age)Knocked down by train 1 4 20 8 9 7 1 1 51 (67.10)Fall from running train -- 6 13 1 2 -- 2 -- 24 (31.6)Hit by pole -- -- -- 1 -- -- -- -- 01 (1.3)Total 1 10 33 10 11 7 3 1 76 (100.00)Table 4Age distribution of victims in fallsAge groups in 0-10 10+- 20 20+ -30 30+ -40 40+ -50 50+ -60 60+ -70 > 70 Total (age)yearsFall from height 2 2 4 8 4 3 0 -- 23 (48.90)Fall in bathroom 1 -- 1 -- 4 5 1 3 15 (31.90)Fall from staircase/ 1 -- 1 2 2 1 1 1 9 (19.20)ladderTotal 4 2 6 10 10 9 2 4 47 (100.00)148
J Indian Acad Forensic Med, <strong>32</strong>(2) ISSN 0971-0973Table 5Circumstance under which head injury was sustainedCircunstancies Male Female Total (%age)No (%) No (%)Accidental 151 (90.4) 22 (1.1) 173 (91.5)Homicidal 04 (2.4) 0 (0) 04 (2.1)Suicidal 02 (1.2) 0 (0) 02 (1.1)Others* 10 (6) 0 (0) 10 (5.3)Total 167 (100) 22 (0) 189 (100.00)*Others – Fall of object on head/no definitive history availableTable 6Cause of deathCause of deathNo of cases (%age)1. Head injury alone 97 (51.3)2. Head injury with pneumonia 73 (38.7)3. Pyogenic meningitis as a complication of head injury 7 (3.7)4. Head injury + Shock and Haemorrhage 8 (4.2)5. Sepsis following head injury 4 (2.10)Total 189 (100)149
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