Advanced Ocean Modelling: Using Open-Source Software

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Contentsxi3.24.4 Advanced Turbulence Closure ........................ 913.24.5 Results............................................ 923.24.6 Additional Exercises for the Reader . . . . . . . ............. 933.25 Exercise15:InverseEstuaries ............................... 943.25.1 Aim .............................................. 943.25.2 TaskDescription.................................... 943.25.3 Results............................................ 953.25.4 Additional Exercise for the Reader . .................... 964 2.5D Vertical Slice Modelling .................................... 974.1 TheBasis ................................................ 974.1.1 AddingAnotherHalfDimension ...................... 974.1.2 The Geostrophic Balance . . . . . ........................ 974.1.3 Scaling............................................ 994.1.4 ConservationofPotentialVorticity..................... 994.1.5 Geostrophic Adjustment . . . . . ........................1004.1.6 The 2.5d Shallow-Water Model . . . ....................1014.1.7 ImplementationoftheCoriolisForce...................1014.1.8 PotentialProblems ..................................1024.2 Exercise 16: Geostrophic Adjustment . ........................1034.2.1 Aim ..............................................1034.2.2 TaskDescription....................................1034.2.3 Results............................................1044.2.4 Additional Exercise for the Reader . ....................1054.3 Exercise17:Tidal-MixingFronts ............................1064.3.1 Background . . . . . ...................................1064.3.2 TaskDescription....................................1064.3.3 Results............................................1074.3.4 Additional Study . ...................................1094.3.5 ResultsandDiscussion ..............................1094.3.6 Additional Exercises for the Reader . . . . . . . .............1104.4 Coastal Upwelling . . . . . . ...................................1104.4.1 Background . . . . . ...................................1104.4.2 HowDoesItWork? .................................1114.4.3 Partial and Full Upwelling . . . . ........................1114.4.4 The Upwelling Index . ...............................1134.5 Exercise 18: Coastal Upwelling and Downwelling . .............1134.5.1 Aim ..............................................1134.5.2 TaskDescription....................................1134.5.3 Advanced Turbulence Closure ........................1144.5.4 Results: Upwelling Scenario . . ........................1154.5.5 Additional Exercise for the Reader . ....................1164.5.6 Results: Downwelling Scenario . . . ....................1164.5.7 Additional Exercise for the Reader . ....................117
Page 6: Jochen KämpfAdvanced Ocean Modelli
Page 12: viPrefaceconvection model, a proble
Page 18: Contentsix3.7.3 Theory . . ........
Page 26: Contentsxiii5.7 TheThermohalineCirc
Page 30: 2 1 IntroductionFig. 1.1 The Cartes
Page 34: 4 1 Introduction0 =− ∂ P∂z−
Page 38: 6 1 Introduction1.3.2 Modular Sourc
Page 42: 8 1 Introduction1.5 Organisation of
Page 46: 10 2 1D Models of Ekman LayersFig.
Page 50: 12 2 1D Models of Ekman Layersthe o
Page 54: 14 2 1D Models of Ekman LayersUse o
Page 58: 16 2 1D Models of Ekman Layerswhere
Page 62: 18 2 1D Models of Ekman Layers2.4 T
Page 66: Chapter 3Basics of Nonhydrostatic M
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3.2 2D Vertical-Slice Modelling 23F
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3.3 Surface Gravity Waves 25where
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3.4 Nonhydrostatic Solver 27imposed
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3.4 Nonhydrostatic Solver 29Fig. 3.
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3.4 Nonhydrostatic Solver 31Fig. 3.
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3.5 Exercise 3: Short Surface Gravi
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3.6 Inclusion of Variable Density 3
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3.7 Exercise 4: Density-Driven Flow
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3.7 Exercise 4: Density-Driven Flow
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3.8 Internal Waves 45which implies
Page 118:
3.9 Exercise 5: Internal Waves 47Fi
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3.10 Mechanical Turbulence 49Fig. 3
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3.11 Exercise 6: Kelvin-Helmholtz I
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3.12 Lee Waves and the Froude Numbe
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3.13 Exercise 7: Lee Waves 55case s
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3.14 Oceanic Convection 57Further e
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3.14 Oceanic Convection 59Considera
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3.15 Exercise 8: Free Convection 61
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3.15 Exercise 8: Free Convection 63
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3.16 Exercise 9: Convective Entrain
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3.17 Exercise 10: Slope Convection
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3.18 Double Diffusion 733.18.3 Doub
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3.19 Exercise 11: Double-Diffusive
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3.20 Exercise 12: Double-Diffusive
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3.21 Tilted Coordinate Systems 79Fi
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3.22 Exercise 13: Stratified Flows
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3.23 Estuaries 83The dynamic instab
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3.23 Estuaries 85instance of maximu
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3.23 Estuaries 87found underneath t
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3.24 Exercise 14: Positive Estuarie
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3.25 Exercise 15: Inverse Estuaries
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Chapter 42.5D Vertical Slice Modell
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4.1 The Basis 99to the centre of th
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4.1 The Basis 101The speed of front
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4.2 Exercise 16: Geostrophic Adjust
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4.3 Exercise 17: Tidal-Mixing Front
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4.3 Exercise 17: Tidal-Mixing Front
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4.4 Coastal Upwelling 1114.4.2 How
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4.5 Exercise 18: Coastal Upwelling
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4.6 Exercise 19: Ekman Pumping 119i
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4.6 Exercise 19: Ekman Pumping 121w
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4.6 Exercise 19: Ekman Pumping 123F
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Chapter 53D Level ModellingAbstract
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5.2 Numerical Treatment 127Vertical
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5.2 Numerical Treatment 129Fig. 5.2
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5.4 Exercise 21: Eddy Formation in
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5.4 Exercise 21: Eddy Formation in
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5.5 Exercise 22: Exchange Flow Thro
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5.7 The Thermohaline Circulation 14
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5.8 Exercise 24: The Abyssal Circul
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5.9 The Equatorial Barrier 155first
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5.9 The Equatorial Barrier 157Fig.
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5.10 Equatorial Waves 159The soluti
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5.11 The El-Niño Southern Oscillat
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5.12 Exercise 25: Simulation of an
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5.12 Exercise 25: Simulation of an
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5.13 Advanced Lateral Boundary Cond
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5.13 Advanced Lateral Boundary Cond
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5.15 Technical Information 1715.14
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174 BibliographyHelmholtz, H. L. F.
Page 376:
List of Exercises2.3 Exercise 1: Th
Page 382:
180 IndexCorilios parameter, 2, 9,
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Advanced Ocean Modelling: Using Open-Source Software

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