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PART III — COUNTRY PROFILeSIn some incidents, the perpetrators appeared to bemembers of armed groups. For example, a group ofarmed men killed two Fur high school students fromTournato village on their way to pay their school fees atKass High School on 13 December 2009. 1478 Membersof a militia allegedly killed a primary school student inZam Zam camp in North Darfur in December 2012,while he was studying with six classmates whoescaped unharmed. 1479 In October 2011, four armedmen reportedly shot and killed the head teacher ofShagra Eltadamoun primary school and wounded hisassistant while they were on their way to submit thenames and fees of students sitting for the nationalprimary examinations. 1480 In one of the most seriousincidents, but not necessarily a targeted one,suspected pro-government militia reportedly killed 18schoolchildren when they opened fire in a market nextto the elementary school in Tabra, North Darfur, inSeptember 2010. 1481In other incidents, teachers and students were killed,injured or arrested by government authorities. On 31July 2012, at least six secondary school students, aged16 to 18, were killed and more than 50 other peopleinjured during confrontations between police andanti-government protesters during reportedly largelypeaceful demonstrations in Nyala. According toHuman Rights Watch, the protests started at theschools and spread into the streets with protestersburning tyres. Schools were reported to have beenclosed temporarily following the incident. 1482 On 1November 2012, the National Intelligence and SecurityServices (NISS) reportedly arrested and tortured adozen secondary school and university students inNyala, South Darfur. One of them received acid burnson his hand. 1483 Relatives said the victims were givenelectric shocks using water and car batteries. 1484 Thestudents were accused of stealing money from theNISS agents 1485 but their families said the real motivefor their arrest was their presumed participation in theNyala protests. 1486In another incident on 19 December 2012, police usedteargas and batons to disperse teachers protestingagainst low wages and alleged corruption in theMinistry of Education. 1487Pastor Zachariah Boulus stands next to a building at theHeiban Bible College, destroyed when Sudanese militaryforces dropped two bombs into the compound of the schoolin Southern Kordofan, Sudan, 1 February 2012.© 2012 AP Photo/Ryan Boyette186