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EDUCATION UNDER ATTACK 2014445 UNAMA and OHCHR, Afghanistan Annual Report 2012 on Protection ofCivilians in Armed Conflict (Kabul Afghanistan: UNAMA and OHCHR, February2013), 57; and UNSC, Children and Armed Conflict: Report of the Secretary-General, A/67/845–S/2013/245, 15 May 2013.446 Jon Boone, “Afghan Insurgents Target Moderate Islamic University,” TheGuardian, 9 February 2011; and “Afghanistan’s Jalalabad University ‘Hit by BombAttack’,” BBC News, 9 February 2011.447 Jon Boone, “Afghan Insurgents Target Moderate Islamic University,” TheGuardian, 9 February 2011; and “Afghanistan’s Jalalabad University ‘Hit by BombAttack’,” BBC News, 9 February 2011.448 Rahim Faiez, “Afghanistan War: Suicide Attack Kills 7 Outside KandaharUniversity,” Huffington Post, 7 February 2012.449 “Kabul Closes Universities after Sectarian Clashes,” Radio Free Europe, 25November 2012; Azam Ahmed, “Student killed in melee at Afghan university,”New York Times, 24 November 2012; and Borhan Osman, “AAN reportage: whatsparked the Ashura Day riots and murder in Kabul University?” 17 January 2013.450 Ghanizada, “100 teachers and education officials killed in Afghanistan:MOE,” Khaama, 10 August 2013.451 Bill Roggio, “Suidice bomber kills 10 Afghan students, 2 US soldiers,” TheLong War Journal, 3 June 2013; “Afghan school children killed in blast,” AlJazeera, 3 June 2013; Kay Johnson, “Afghanistan suicide bombing: insurgentattacks US patrol outside busy market, killing 9 schoolchildren,” HuffingtonPost, 6 June 2013; and Sardar Ahmad, “10 children killed in Afghan suicideattack near school,” AFP, 3 June 2013.452 Kay Johnson, “Afghanistan suicide bombing: insurgent attacks US patroloutside busy market, killing 9 schoolchildren,” Huffington Post, 6 June 2013.453 “IED attack kills two children in Afghanistan’s Helmand,” IHS Jane’s TerrorismWatch Report – Daily Update, 27 August 2013.454 UNAMA, Afghanistan Mid-Year Report on Protection of Civilians in ArmedConflict: 2013 (Kabul, Afghanistan: UNAMA, July 2013), 21.455 Ghanizada, “100 teachers and education officials killed in Afghanistan:MOE,” Khaama, 10 August 2013.456 “US led forces bomb religious school in Afghanistan,” Press TV, 21 April 2013;Azam Ahmed and Jawad Sukhanyar, “Deadly Kabul bombing sends message onsecurity pact vote,” New York Times, 16 November 2013; and “Security forces foilmajor attack on school in southern Afghanistan,” Press TV, 27 August 2013.457 UNAMA, Afghanistan Mid-Year Report on Protection of Civilians in ArmedConflict: 2013 (Kabul, Afghanistan: UNAMA, July 2013), 66.458 UNAMA interview with village elders from Qush Tepa district, Sheberghan city,22 May 2013, in UNAMA, Afghanistan Mid-Year Report on Protection of Civiliansin Armed Conflict: 2013 (Kabul, Afghanistan: UNAMA, 30 June 2013), 35.459 “Up to 74 school girls hit by gas attack in Afghanistan,” RTE News, 21 April2013.460 UNAMA, Afghanistan Mid-Year Report on Protection of Civilians in ArmedConflict: 2013 (Kabul, Afghanistan: UNAMA, July 2013), 66-7.461 This profile covers attacks in the the period 2009-2012, with an additionalsection on 2013.462 HRW, World Report 2012: Bahrain (New York: HRW, 2012.463 Bill Law, “Bahrain protests prompt global concerns,” BBC News, 15 February2011; and “Bahrain activists in ‘Day of Rage’,” Al Jazeera, 14 February 2011.464 “Bahrain: King declares state of emergency,” BBC News, 15 March 2011.465 Amnesty International, “Bahrain: New decrees ban dissent as furtherprotests organized,” 7 August 2013; and HRW, World Report 2013: Bahrain (NewYork: HRW, 2013).466 Bahrain Center for Human Rights (BCHR), Teachers Ordeal in Bahrain:Arrested, Tortured, Sacked, Suspended and Prosecuted (Manama, Bahrain:BCHR, 14 July 2011); and “Bahrain teachers continue to strike,” Trade Arabia, 23February 2011.467 For more, see Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry (BICI), Report ofthe Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry (Manama, Bahrain: BICI, 10December 2011), 95-97, 103, 119; and BCHR, “Assault on girls’ school in Hamadby security forces,” 24 April 2011.468 US Department of State, 2011 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices -Bahrain (Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, 24 May 2012).469 Circular No. (1) for the year 2003 regarding the eligibility of civil serviceemployees to join trade unions,https://www.csb.gov.bh/csb/wcms/ar/home/lawsregulations/csb_legislation_archive/csb_circulation/c2003-01.html%3bjsessionid=EFB3A7021F518113128326C44A3447AB470 Gulf Center for Human Rights (GCHR) and BCHR, “Bahraini Authorities ShouldStop Harassing Teachers Association,” 27 September 2011; and BCHR, TeachersOrdeal in Bahrain: Arrested, Tortured, Sacked, Suspended and Prosecuted(Manama, Bahrain: BCHR, 14 July 2011.471 The World Bank, “School enrollment – primary (% net),” The World Bank Data(2006).472 UNESCO Institute for Statistics, “Education (all levels) Profile - Bahrain,” UISStatistics in Brief (2011).473 The World Bank, “Literacy rate - Adult, total,” The World Bank Data (2010).474 “Thugs attack school,” Gulf Daily News, 11 October 2013; and Habib Toumi,“New Bahrain school attack takes toll to 24,” Gulf News, 18 January 2012. Forreported examples, see also: Habib Toumi, “Arson attacks on Bahrain schoolscontinue,” Gulf News, 5 January 2012; “Jidhafs Secondary Girls School attacked,”Bahrain News Agency, 25 April 2012; “AMA International School attacked,”Bahrain News Agency, 11 December 2012; “Thugs Attack Schools, Close themand Deprive Students from Studying,” Bahrain News Agency, 14 February 2013;“Thugs attack schools as ‘terror tactic’,” Trade Arabia, 24 February 2013; “Mobattacks three more schools in Bahrain,” Trade Arabia, 24 March 2013; “Girlsprimary school attacked in Bahrain,” Khaleej Times, 17 June 2013; and “Clampurged on school vandals,” Gulf Daily News, 13 October 2013.475 BCHR, Teachers Ordeal in Bahrain: Arrested, Tortured, Sacked, Suspendedand Prosecuted (Manama, Bahrain: BCHR, 14 July 2011); and “Schoolgirls‘beaten’ in Bahrain raids,” Al Jazeera, 11 May 2011.476 BCHR, Teachers Ordeal in Bahrain: Arrested, Tortured, Sacked, Suspendedand Prosecuted (Manama, Bahrain: BCHR, 14 July 2011).477 “Reconciliation: The system is holding a bus returning children from school,”Manama Voice, 18 December 2012; and BCHR, “Bahrain: 13 Year Old Children inDetention for Third Week and Others on Trial under ‘Terrorism Law’,” 22December 2012.478 BCHR, Teachers Ordeal in Bahrain: Arrested, Tortured, Sacked, Suspendedand Prosecuted (Manama, Bahrain: BCHR, 14 July 2011).479 Ibid.480 BCHR, “Bahrain: Court of Cassation rejects appeal of imprisoned unionist,” 2July 2013.481 Ibid.482 BICI, Report of the Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry (Manama,Bahrain: BICI, 10 December 2011), 119-120; and BCHR, Teachers Ordeal inBahrain: Arrested, Tortured, Sacked, Suspended and Prosecuted (Manama,Bahrain: BCHR, 14 July 2011).483 BICI, Report of the Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry (Manama,Bahrain: BICI, 10 December 2011), 376.221