A triumph of failed ideas European models of capitalism in ... - Journal

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France confronts the crisis: economic symptoms exacerbate social inequality.................................................................................................................................................................5. ConclusionThe 2008 economic crisis cannot be deemed an accidental occurrencein France any more than it can elsewhere. The crisis took somewhatdifferent forms depending on countries’ national models, but resultedfrom the upheavals in contemporary capitalism, first and foremost thefinancialisation of the economy. For the reasons outlined, France seemsto have held up better than other countries, at least in the short term.From this point of view, the government’s proactive approach – ahistoric trade-mark of the French model (Berrebi et al. 2009) – mayexplain part of France’s relatively good performance compared with itsEuropean partners. Admittedly, the French government no longer playsthe role it did twenty years ago, and policies designed to ‘modernise’ thepublic sector have handed the baton to new public- and private-sectorplayers that are able to administer labour and employment affairs in adifferent manner, sometimes for the worse. Nevertheless, the ability torapidly adopt centralised plans to combat an economic downturn hasnot been lost, even if it means omitting to hold proper social andpolitical negotiations. The two crises of 2008 and 2011 provide ampleevidence. But the 2008 crisis revealed and even compounded somefundamental upheavals, above all else the social inequality on which wehave dwelt.This structural trend towards more inequality and more povertytestifies to the transformations in the French model. Social solidarityhas gradually been eroded over the past three decades owing to asuccession of varied reforms. The surge in working poor has brought tolight a new social issue. Ultimately, by heightening inequality andserving as a pretext for new liberal-inspired adjustments, the crisis hasmerely served to sanction a medium-term development. That is why,even though there are grounds for satisfaction that France withstoodthe shock of 2008 reasonably well, there is every reason to be lessoptimistic for the years ahead. The new financial market crisis ofsummer 2011, to which France has been no more immune than itspartners, proves the point. The plan adopted in the wake of this newmarket crash reinforces and augments the liberal inclinations that havelain behind French economic policy for several years now. Will France’strade unions manage at last to turn the tide? Bearing in mind thedifficulty they had in making their voices heard during the 2008 crisis,nothing is less certain. We can therefore only hope that the presidentialA triumph of failed ideas – European models of capitalism in the crisis 117
Florence Jany-Catrice and Michel Lallement.................................................................................................................................................................election campaign will provide opportunities, in 2012, for a publicdebate about the decisions needed in order to envisage other forms ofeconomic and social development than those we have come to knowover the past few decades.BibliographyAlternatives économiques (2010) ‘Les chiffres de 2011’, Special editionNo. 86, October.Argouarc’h, J., E. Debauche, P. Leblanc and B. Ourliac (2010) ‘Commentexpliquer les évolutions de l’emploi depuis le début de la crise ?’,Note de conjoncture, Paris: Insee, 19–43.Aurrisergues, E. (2010) ‘L’Etat s’endette de plus en plus. A qui la faute?’,Alternatives économiques, ‘Les chiffres de 2011’, Special edition, 42–43.Berrebi-Hoffmann, I., F. Jany-Catrice, M. Lallement and T. Ribault (2009)‘Capitalizing on variety: risks and opportunities in a new Frenchsocial model’, in G. Bosch, S. Lehndorff and J. Rubery (eds), Europeanemployment models in flux, Palgrave Macmillan, 178–200.Calavrezo, O., R. Duhautois and E. Walkowiak (2009) ‘Chômage partielet licenciements économiques’, Connaissance de l’emploi, No. 63,March, 4 pages.Castel, R. (2003) L’Insécurité sociale. Qu’est-ce qu’être protégé ? Paris:Seuil.Champsaur, P. and J.-P. Cotis (2010) ‘Rapport sur la situation des financespubliques’, Rapport pour le Président de la République, April, 86pages.Conseil d’analyse stratégique (2009) Sortie de crise. Vers l’émergencede nouveaux modèles de croissance ? Report of the working partychaired by D. Cohen, No. 22, Paris: La documentation française.Horn, G., H. Joebges and R. Zwiener (2010) ‘Einseitige Exportorientungbelastet Wachstum – Frankreich besser als Deutschland’, Policy Brief,Düsseldorf: Institut für Makroökonomie und Konjunkturforschung.Liégey, M. (2009) ‘L’ajustement de l’emploi dans la crise: la flexibilitésans la mobilité ?’, La note de veille du CAS, No. 156, November.Observatoire national de la pauvreté et de l’exclusion sociale (2010)‘Bilan de 10 ans d’observation de la pauvreté et de l’exclusion socialeà l’heure de la crise’, Rapport Onpes 2009–2010.Lombardo, P., E. Seguin and M. Tomasini (2011) ‘Les niveaux de vie en2009’, Insee Première, No. 1365, August.118 A triumph of failed ideas – European models of capitalism in the crisis
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Table of contentsSteffen LehndorffI
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After the party’s over:the Irish
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Italy: Chronicle of a crisis foreto
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List of contributors...............
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