Luke 13 - In Depth Bible Commentaries

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2754 2755wrong-relatedness!' 13:28 There, there will be the weeping and the gnashing of the teeth,2753(...continued)ff2, i and I. It is changed to read ouvde,pote eivdon u`ma/j, "I never saw you people," by Bezae andthe Old Latin Manuscript e (see). The variant reading slightly changes the meaning of Luke, butnot in a very significant way.The sentence of rejection, "I don't know you..." is repeated twice in the saying as Lukegives it (verses 25 and 27). Fitzmyer comments that "Jesus' teaching in these utterances playsupon the Old Testament idea of people being known by God (see Jeremiah 1:5; Amos 3:2;Hosea 5:3...), i.e. those who are his chosen ones (Psalm 138:6)." (2, p. 1022) Compare similarlanguage in Isaiah 63:16 concerning Abraham and Israel not knowing the people, but YHWH istheir Father; Matthew 7:23, "Then will l declare to them, 'I never knew you; go away from me, youevil-doers!"; 2 Timothy 2:19, "The Lord knows those who are his..." and John 9:29-30. In Knox'sinterpretation of the passage, this last statement is taken to mean that there is "no favoritism" inthe Kingdom." He states that“Jewish thought pictured the reward of the faithful at history's climax as a messianicbanquet or a bridal feast. That picture is the background of verses 23-30. The Jews werechildren of the covenant. God had chosen them to make known to the world the good tidings ofhis nature and will. But the covenant could become a snare; they could construe it selfishly as afavor rather than as a mission. They often fell into the snare; they deemed themselves God'sfavorites, and regarded pagan lands as beyond the pale. Over and again Jesus took sharp issuewith them on that score..." (P.247) Compare Luke 3:28 and 4:23-29.2754The word avdiki,aj, "of wrong-relatedness," is read by P75, Sinaiticus, Vaticanus, L,Psi, Minuscule 892 and a few other Greek manuscripts. It has the genitive definite articlepreceding it in Alexandrinus, W, Theta, Uncial Manuscript 070, Families 1 and 13 ofMinuscules and the "Majority Text." It is changed to the synonym avnomi,aj, "of lawlessness," byBezae, Minuscule 1424 (see), some manuscripts of the Bohairic Coptic and Epiphanius ofConstantia (who died 403 A.D.), in an attempt to make Luke's text conform to that of Matthew.The variant readings do not change the meaning of the text. Here "the Lord" (Jesus) is depictedas not only not knowing these people, but as positively excluding them from that kingdom /salvation.The words of the Greek translation of Psalm 6:9 (verse 8 in English) are here quoted byJesus: avpo,sthte avpV evmou/ pa,ntej oi` evrgazo,menoi th.n avnomi,an , "stand away from me, all theones who are working the lawlessness." Marshall comments that with this quotation, "...The realreason for the rejection comes out...a clear assertion that lack of righteousness excludes menfrom the heavenly banquet." (P. 567)2755This phrase concerning weeping and gnashing (or 'grinding') of teeth is found in theparallel text to Luke 13:28 (here), Matthew 8:12, but also in Matthew 13:42, 50; 22:13; 24:51;25:30. According to this saying of Jesus, life can end up in terrible misery, rather than in joy and1311(continued...)
2756 2757 2758when you people may see Abraham and Isaac and Jacob, and all the Spokespersons in2759 2760the Kingdom of the God, but then you people being thrown outside. 13:29 And they will2755(...continued)peace. This is a far cry from teaching that all will eventually be saved! Marshall holds that "Thethought here is of anger directed against the master, rather than of 'despairing remorse."' (P.567)2756 ndThe 2 person plural aorist subjunctive verb o;yhsqe, "you people may see," is read byP75, Alexandrinus, a corrector of Vaticanus, L, W, Psi, Uncial Manuscript 070, Family 1 ofMinuscules, Minuscule 33 and the "Majority Text." It is changed to the future tense, o;yesqe, "youpeople will see," by the first writer of Vaticanus, Bezae, Family13 of Minuscules, Minuscule 1241ndand some other Greek manuscripts. It is changed to the 2 person plural aorist subjunctive verbiv ,dhte, "you people may see," by Sinaiticus and Theta. Neither of the variants changes themeaning of the text.2757For this combination of the three patriarchs, Abraham, Isaac and Jacob in the LXX, see:Genesis 50:24; Exodus 2:24; 3:6, 15, 16; 4:5; 6:3, 8; 32:13; 33:1; Numbers 32:11;Deuteronomy 1:8; 6:10; 9:5, 27; 29:12; 30:20; 34:4; 2 Kings 13:23; Judith 8:26; Tobit 4:12(includes Noah); 2 Maccabees 1:2; 4 Maccabees 7:19; 13:17; 16:25 (adds to the threesome thephrase "and all the patriarchs"); Ode of Solomon 12:2, 9; Baruch 2:34; Matthew 8:11; 22:32;Mark 12:26; Luke 13:28 (here); 20:37; Acts 3:13; 7:32. For the combination Abraham, Isaacand Israel, see 1 Kings 18:36; 1 Chronicles 29:18; 2 Chronicles 30:6.2758This reference to "all the Spokespersons" as a group is not found oftentimes in theGreek Bible. See 1 Kings 18:20 (the spokespersons of Baal); 22:6, 10, 12, 13, 22, 23 (300 falsespokespersons, who speak what King Ahab wants to hear); 2 Kings 10:19, 21, 21(spokespersons of Baal); 2 Kings 17:13, 23; 2 Chronicles 18:9, 11, 21, 22 (same as 1 Kings22); Jeremiah 7:25; Baruch 1:21; Matthew 11:13; Luke 11:50; 13:28 (here); 18:31; 24:27;Acts 3:18, 24 and 10:43.2759Fitzmyer comments that "Thus Luke (and his source) have related the forebears ofIsrael to the main theme of Jesus' preaching. Inside the house of the kingdom all is joy, quitedifferent from the weeping and grinding of teeth, the condition of those 'outside' and 'there'..." (2,p. 1026) Marshall comments that "The kingdom of God is here the transcendent future realm inwhich the righteous dead are present. The force of the utterance, however, lies in the secondpart: while the Old Testament saints are present, the contemporaries of Jesus are cast out..." (P.567)2760The phrase u`ma/j de. evkballome,nouj e;xw, literally "you people then, being thrown outoutside," is omitted by Minuscule 69, a few other Greek manuscripts and the Sinaitic Syriac. Wesee no reason for this omission unless it is on the part of more liberal copyists, who want toeliminate this harsh sentence on the Jews of Jesus' day. But this is to miss the whole point of thesaying--which is that the joyous heavenly banquet of the future, so longed for by Jewish believers,will not be theirs to enjoy (if they continue on in their refusal to follow Jesus)--instead, they willexperience being cast outside, and the agony of weeping and grinding of teeth.1312(continued...)
Page 5: 2658(...continued)John 9:1-2 tells
Page 8 and 9: 2663 2664 2665Siloam fell, and kill
Page 10 and 11: 267213:6 But then He was speaking t
Page 12 and 13: him, Master, leave it this year als
Page 14 and 15: 2683The additional statement, tau/t
Page 16 and 17: JESUS HEALS A WOMAN ON THE JEWISH D
Page 18 and 19: 2685 268613:10 But then he was teac
Page 20 and 21: 2694 2695 2696weakness!" 13:13 And
Page 22 and 23: 2704 2705 2706 270713:15 But then t
Page 24 and 25: 2711(...continued)will you not imme
Page 26 and 27: 2716loosed from this bond on the Da
Page 28 and 29: THE FUTURE OF THE KINGDOMTHAT JESUS
Page 30 and 31: what shall I liken it? 13:19 It is
Page 35 and 36: 2729 2730similar to leaven, which a
Page 37 and 38: 2731(...continued)There should be n
Page 39 and 40: 2732(...continued)Matthew 7:13-14 E
Page 41 and 42: 2732(...continued)There is a simila
Page 43 and 44: 273713:23 But then someone said to
Page 45 and 46: 2741 2742people, I tell you, will s
Page 47: 2751your presence, and we drank, an
Page 51 and 52: 2763the Kingdom of the God. 13:30 A
Page 53 and 54: 2764Fitzmyer comments that this ver
Page 55 and 56: 2766 276713.31 At this very hour ce
Page 57 and 58: 2771 2772 2773 2774healings today a
Page 59 and 60: 2776 2777because it is not possible
Page 61 and 62: 2783(...continued)wings," is omitte
Page 63 and 64: 2788 2789not see Me until (the time
Page 65 and 66: 2790(...continued)This reads a grea
Page 67 and 68: 118:2 lae_r"f.yI an"ï-rm;ayO*`AD)s
Page 69 and 70: What shall a human being do to me?
Page 71 and 72: 118:11 ynIWb+b's.-~g: ynIWBïs;`~l;
Page 73 and 74: 118:16 hm'_meAr hw"hy> â !ymiäy>`
Page 75 and 76: I will enter them; I will give than
Page 77 and 78: 118:23 taZO= ht'y>h"å hw"hy> â ta
Page 79 and 80: ~yti_bo[]B; gx;î-Wrs.ai`x;Be(z>Mih

Luke 13 - In Depth Bible Commentaries

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