2761 2762come from east and west, and from north and south, and will be caused to recline (to eat) in2760(...continued)Fitzmyer asks concerning the identity of those being "thrown out." His answer is that "TheMatthean counterpart of verses 28-29 (Matthew 8:11-12) envisages evil Christian disciples. Butthe Lucan form of the sayings envisages some of Jesus' Palestinian contemporaries." (2, p.1023) Marshall notes that "The word evkba,llw does not quite fit the preceding picture, for theoutsiders were never actually in the banquet; the thought is rather of the last judgment." (P. 568)This is another indication that originally different sayings of Jesus are being combined here.Knox states that "For the chosen to be barred from the door was darkness enough; that'lesser breeds without the Law' should take their place was bitterness piled on midnight. Any Jewwould shrink in dismay from the mere thought of the patriarchs and prophets feasting at themessianic banquet with pagan strangers...'There outside the door'...they would see, in onerevealing glance, strangers from the ends of the earth feasting with the elect of God, and thenwould be thrust out to grind their teeth and weep in helpless anger of remorse." (Pp.247-48)2761The phrase kai. avpo, "and from," is read by Vaticanus, L, Family <strong>13</strong> of Minuscules,Minuscule 892, a few other Greek manuscripts and a majority of the Old Latin witnesses. It isshortened to simply "and" by Sinaiticus, Alexandrinus, Bezae, W, Theta, Psi, Family 1 ofMinuscules, the "Majority Text," the Latin Latin Vulgate, a part of the Old Latin witnesses and theHarclean Syriac. It is shortened to simply "from" by P75 and Uncial Manuscript 070. Neither ofthese variant readings changes the meaning of <strong>Luke</strong>.2762The words of Psalm 107:3 are being quoted by Jesus, The Hebrew text is:`~Y")miW !ApïC'mi br'_[]M;mi(W xr'îz>Mimi ~c'îB.qiñ tAcªr'a]meW*, ume)aratsoth qibbetsammimmizrach umimma(arabh mitstsaphon umiyyam, literally "and from lands he gatheredthem, from east and from west, from north and from sea (oftentimes also meaning 'west')."The Greek translation (106:3) is: evk tw/n cwrw/n sunh,gagen auvtou.j avpo.avnatolw/n kai. dusmw/n kai. borra/ kai. qala,sshj, literally "out of the countries (or'places') he gathered them together, from east and west and north and sea."Even though the last direction mentioned by the Psalmist is confusing, it is obvious that thisis a universal gathering of the people, from all directions, just as is seen in the next passage:Isaiah 43:5-6,ynIa"+-^T.ai yKiä ar' ÞyTi-la;^[,êr>z: aybi äa' xr'z>Mimi`&'c
2763the Kingdom of the God. <strong>13</strong>:30 And look--there are last people who will be first, and there are2762(...continued)ynITeê ‘!ApC'l; rm: Üaoyail'_k.Ti-la; !m"ßytel.WqAxêr'me ‘yn:b' yaiybi ÛiÛh'`#r,a'(h' hceîq.mi yt;ÞAnb.WDon’t you (singular) be afraid, because I am with you;from (the) east I will bring your descendant(s),and from (the) west I will gather you,saying to the north, Give!,and to (the) south, Do not be exhausted!Bring my sons from far away,and my daughters from the earth’s end!mh. fobou/ o[ti meta. sou/ eivmiavpo. avnatolw/n a;xw to. spe,rma soukai. avpo. dusmw/n suna,xw seevrw/ tw/| borra/| a;gekai. tw/| libi, mh. kw,luea;ge tou.j uiòu,j mou avpo. gh/j po,rrwqenkai. ta.j qugate,raj mou avpV a;krwn th/j gh/jDon't be afraid, because I am with you.From (the) east I will bring your descendant(s),and from (the) west I will gather you together.I will say to the north, Lead on!,and to southwest wind, Don't hinder!Lead on my sons from a land far away,and my daughters from the earth's corners!Jesus obviously believes that through what he is doing, and the work of the Kingdom thathe announces and brings, there is a new "gathering-together" of God's people, from all across theearth, who will be welcomed into the joyful celebration of that Kingdom. See the next footnote.2763Fitzmyer comments that "<strong>In</strong> verses 28-29 the notion of the door, narrow or closed, hascompletely disappeared; the theme has become the joyous banquet of the kingdom at whichthose admitted recline with the master, the patriarchs of Israel of old, and all the prophets. Thoseadmitted will be people who come not only from Jesus' contemporaries who have striven to walkthrough the narrow door while it was still open, but also people from east and west, north andsouth...The joy of those admitted to the banquet of the kingdom is contrasted with the weeping(continued...)<strong>13</strong>14
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