Global food security assessment guidelines: A step-by - International ...

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International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent SocietiesInformation to collect during interviewsIn order to reach your main food security assessment objective, you need to obtain more detailedinformation about how people are living and eating, how they make their living, how they obtainfood and whether they grow any of their own food or have relatives in the countryside who do so.Ask what activities they undertake. Some information is more easily obtained through focus groupdiscussions, while other information can be better gathered through household or key-informantinterviews. The table below provides suggestions, but each food security assessment situation is differentand you may decide to undertake interviews differently.The table also gives ideas for tools and techniques to use during interviews, including:■ mapping;■ year ranking;■ seasonal calendar;■ proportional piling;■ pair-wise ranking;■ timeline;■ activity profile; and■ price tables or figures.Each of these techniques is explained in the Annexes.What information do you want F H K How? Which tools?to obtain through interviews? G H IComposition of community ■ ■ ■ Checklist questions, mapping(demographic profile)History and sequence of events ■ ■ ■ Checklist questions, timelineHow people make their living ■ ■ ■ Checklist questionsIncome ■ ■ ■ Checklist questions, proportional pilingExpenditure ■ ■ ■ Checklist questions, proportional pilingHow do people obtain their food ■ ■ ■ Checklist questions, proportional pilingFood consumption patterns ■ ■ ■ Checklist questions, proportional pilingMarket prices and evolution ■ ■ ■ Checklist questions, table/figureLabour (for wages or food) ■ ■ ■ Checklist questionsAgriculture, such as crop performance ■ ■ ■ Checklist questions,and harvest estimatesyear ranking, seasonal calendarLivestock, such as herd size, water ■ ■ ■ Checklist questions,availability and diseaseyear ranking, seasonal calendarPerception of main problems ■ ■ ■ Pair-wise rankingGeneral issues, including health and water ■ ■ ■ Checklist questions, mappingInfrastructure, including transport, ■ ■ ■ Checklist questions, mappinghousing and schoolDaily activity pattern ■ ■ ■ Checklist questions, activity profileSecurity ■ ■ ■ Checklist questionsMiscellaneous Depending Checklist questions and questions youon the add yourself, depending on the situationquestion and your objectives36FG = Focus group ■ Most preferred methodHH = Household ■ Less preferred methodKI = Key-informant ■ Least preferred method
Global food security assessment guidelinesThe following section provides examples of checklist questions for each subject. You might alreadyhave obtained some of the information through secondary information collection (Step 2) orthrough direct observation (Step 3).Interview checklist: what to askThe following checklist with pre-prepared questions helps you to guide the interview towards whatyou want to know. The sample questions are examples only, and the way in which you ask them isflexible.The list is not exhaustive and these questions should not be used as a questionnaire. You might decideto skip certain questions, since each food security assessment is different. This will depend on yourobjective and the context. For example, the relevance of discussing livestock ownership or the use ofa bank account is not the same in every context. Feel free to select those questions most relevant toyour own situation, and to change their sequence.During the food security assessment, focus on how the situation has changed or could change.Trytoget information on a normal year (an average year that is neither good nor bad). Compare this withthe current situation.5How to conduct a food security assessmentComposition of community (demographic profile)■ Is this a rural, urban or peri-urban community? Are the people residents of this area, and if sosince when? Are there refugees or displaced people? Have people moved out – if so, when andwhy? What makes people stay here?■ How many households are there? What is their composition (for example, numbers of children,women and elderly people)?■ Has anything changed recently concerning the movement of people? Why? Are certain householdmembers leaving? Why and where are they going?■ What are the ethnic or tribal groups? What languages are spoken here? Have there been any recentchanges in this? Why?■ Do men live in the community year-round? If not, why do they move? Do other members of thehousehold migrate for labour, for example to work as domestic help in bigger cities?Do some mapping, if possible (see Annex 3).History and sequence of events■ Have there been major changes recently, including sudden hazards, or the slow development of acrisis or conflict? When did this take place?Make a timeline, if possible (see Annex 7).How people make their living■ How do different people in the community earn an income? What are the different livelihoodgroups? (Make sure you are able to build a typology or profile of the different livelihood groupsin the community).■ In general and in normal years: What are the major activities? What types of income opportunitiesexist and what skills are required to get employment? Are people self-employed, employed ora mixture of both? Do men and women work in different sectors? What work is available, paidfor either in cash or in kind?■ Have people received aid in recent years, why and how?■ How has any or all of this changed? How might it change in future (in the case of a disaster preparednessassessment)?37
Page 3 and 4: ContentsContentsAbbreviations and a
Page 5 and 6: Abbreviationsand acronymsAbbreviati
Page 7 and 8: 1Introduction1Who this guide is for
Page 10 and 11: International Federation of Red Cro
Page 14 and 15: 12Arne Hodalic / Slovenian Red Cros
Page 16 and 17: 14David Bebber/The Times
Page 22 and 23: 20Caroline Hurford /International F
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Page 47 and 48: 6How to compilea food securityasses
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Page 51 and 52: 7How to choose anappropriate foodse
Page 61 and 62: 9 References1. World Food Programme
Page 63 and 64: 10Annexes10Annex 1How to do a MUAC
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The Fundamental Principlesof the In
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