Geotextiles in Embankment Dams - Association of State Dam Safety ...

ContentsPreface .................................................................................................................................... iiiCommon Abbreviations ................................................................................................... xviiConversion Factors .........................................................................................................xxviiiWebsites ..............................................................................................................................xxixIntroduction ........................................................................................................................... 1Chapter 1-Current Policy on the Use of Geotextiles in Embankment Dams .............. 51.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................... 51.2 Federal Sector ............................................................................................................... 61.2.1 Bureau of Reclamation ........................................................................................ 71.2.2 Corps of Engineers .............................................................................................. 71.2.3 National Resource Conservation Service ....................................................... 101.2.4 Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) ......................................... 101.3 Private Sector ............................................................................................................. 101.4 State Sector ................................................................................................................. 10Chapter 2-Overview of Geosynthetics for Use in Embankment Dams ...................... 132.1 Functions of geosynthetics in dams ........................................................................ 142.1.1 Filtration function (IGS symbol F) ................................................................ 152.1.2 Separation function (IGS symbol S) .............................................................. 152.1.3 Planar drainage (transmission) function (IGS symbol D) ............................ 152.1.4 Reinforcement function (IGS symbol R) ...................................................... 152.1.5 Liquid barrier function (IGS symbol B) ........................................................ 162.1.6 Protection function (IGS symbol P) .............................................................. 162.1.7 Surface stabilization function (IGS symbol E) ............................................. 162.2 Geotextiles .................................................................................................................. 172.2.1 Nonwoven geotextiles ....................................................................................... 182.2.2 Woven geotextiles .............................................................................................. 182.2.3 Knitted geotextiles ............................................................................................. 192.3 Geomembranes .......................................................................................................... 202.4 Geogrids ...................................................................................................................... 242.5 Geonets ....................................................................................................................... 262.6 Geocells ....................................................................................................................... 282.7 Geomats ...................................................................................................................... 282.8 Geocomposites .......................................................................................................... 292.9 Geosynthetic clay liners ............................................................................................ 342.10 Geotextile materials, properties, and applications .............................................. 342.10.1 Geotextile polymers, structures and manufacturing methods ................... 342.10.2 Polymer types ................................................................................................... 352.10.3 Fiber and fabric types ...................................................................................... 362.11 Geotextile related products .................................................................................... 422.12 Geotextile properties and test methods ............................................................... 43pageviii