Geotextiles in Embankment Dams - Association of State Dam Safety ...
Geotextiles in Embankment Dams - Association of State Dam Safety ...
Geotextiles in Embankment Dams - Association of State Dam Safety ...
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<strong>Geotextiles</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Embankment</strong> <strong><strong>Dam</strong>s</strong>Normal direction (ASTM D-4439, 2004): n – for geotextiles, the directionperpendicular to the plane <strong>of</strong> the geotextile.Open Area (Frobel, 1987): That portion <strong>of</strong> the plane <strong>of</strong> the fabric <strong>in</strong> which thereare no filaments, fibers, or films between the upper and lower surfaces <strong>of</strong> the fabric.This is expressed as a percentage <strong>of</strong> the total area. (See Percent Open Area.)Optimum moisture content (optimum water content) (ASTM D 653, 2002):The water content at which a soil can be compacted to a maximum dry unit weightby a given compactive effort.Overlap (Frobel, 1987): That section or width <strong>of</strong> adjacent geosynthetic panels orblankets that are <strong>in</strong> contact – one under the other form<strong>in</strong>g a seamed or unseamedjo<strong>in</strong>t.Particle Size (Frobel, 1987): The effective diameter <strong>of</strong> a particle measured bysedimentation, siev<strong>in</strong>g, or micrometric methods (SSSA, 1970).Peel Adhesion (Frobel, 1987): The force required to delam<strong>in</strong>ate a structure orto separate the surface layer from a substrate.Percent Open Area (Frobel, 1987): The net area <strong>of</strong> a fabric that is not occupiedby fabric filaments, normally determ<strong>in</strong>able only for woven and nonwoven fabricshav<strong>in</strong>g dist<strong>in</strong>ct visible and measurable open<strong>in</strong>gs that cont<strong>in</strong>ue directly through thefabric.Performance property (ASTM D-4439, 2004): n – a result obta<strong>in</strong>ed by conduct<strong>in</strong>ga performance test.Performance test (ASTM D-4439, 2004): n – a test which simulates <strong>in</strong> thelaboratory as closely as practical selected conditions experienced <strong>in</strong> the field andwhich can be used <strong>in</strong> design - synonym for “design test”.Permeability (ASTM D 653, 2005): The capacity <strong>of</strong> a rock to conduct liquid orgas. It is measured as the proportionality constant, k, between flow velocity, v, andhydraulic gradient, I:, v = kI.Permeability (ASTM D-4439, 2004): n –the rate <strong>of</strong> flow <strong>of</strong> a liquid under adifferential pressure through a material.Permeability (ASTM D-4439, 2004): n –for geotextiles, hydraulic conductivityPermittivity (ASTM D-4439, 2004): (T -1 ), n – for geotextiles, the volumetric flow rate<strong>of</strong> water per unit cross sectional area per unit head under lam<strong>in</strong>ar flow conditions, <strong>in</strong>the normal direction through a geotextile.170
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