CARGO BUSINESS 3-08.indd - ZSSK Cargo

transport means preference of those means of transport that harmthe environment at a minimum level. At present, the ecology doesnot belong to main criteria for choice of transportation mean. Thereare more decisive factors such as price, availability of transportationservices, simplicity of selection, shorter times of acceptance ofconsignment for transportation, the shortest delivery time possible,reduction of number of transshipments, consignment protection andtransportation safety.Climate changes, acid rains, water, air and soil pollutions, which arecaused by petrol and diesel oil combustion, have an impact on ourhealth at present, but these will influence the following generationsas well. It is necessary to achieve the reduction of transport strainon environment by use of the latest technologies and by structuralchange of transportation flows, for the benefit of railway traffic.It is necessary to consequently include external costs and costs forremoval of traffic congestions – i.e. costs for removal of unsufficientinfrastructure capacity - in total costs of all traffic modes.Electronic road toll collectionBy implementation of electronic toll in Slovakia from 2009, the roadcarriers will contribute their certain small part to costs for constructionand maintenance of infrastructure (i.e. reduction of external costs).Countries, which have already implemented the toll system (Austria,Switzerland, Italy, Germany), agreed that apart from the huge financialincomes from toll collection, the environmental benefit cannot beneglected. As a result of electronic road toll implementation, thetransporters started to use the more ecological railway in a higherdegree and thereby transported their loads more effectively. Since thetoll costs are determined also on the basis of emission levels, a lotof carriers were forced to renew their rolling stock, which resulted inreduction of pollutant exhausts to the environment.Gabriela MARTINUSOVÁMarketing SectionCelkové náklady na redukciu škodlivého vplyvu emisií z dopravy naživotné prostredie (Zdroj: Výskumný a vývojový ústav železníc, „Externalitav doprave - II. etapa“, r. 2002)Total costs for reduction of negative impact of emissions fromtransport on the environment (Source: Research and developmentalinstitute of railways, „Externality in transport - II. stage“, 2002)800070006000500040003000200010000ŽDCDemisie / emissionsnehody / accidentshluk / noiseDruh dopravy Náklady na emisie Náklady na nehody Náklady na hlukTraffic mode (v mil. Sk) (v mil. Sk) (v mil. Sk)Costs for emissions Costs for accidents Costs for noise(in mil. Sk) (in mil. Sk) (in mil. Sk)Železničná doprava 234,05 57,42 55,59Railway trafficCestná doprava 5756,26 6861,63 6665,25Road transportExterné náklady celkom (mld. EUR) pre cestu a železnicu v EU-15+ Švajčiarsko + Nórsko (Zdroj: INFRAS / IWW2004)Total external costs (billion EUR) for road and railway in the EU-15+ Switzerland + Norway (Source: INFRAS / IWW2004)Externé náklady Cesta ŽeleznicaExternal costs Road Railwaykongescie 268 -Traffic congestionsnehody 156 0,3Accidentshluk 40 1,4Noiseklimatické zmeny 70 2,1Climate changesznečisenie vzduchu 164 2,4Air pollutionSPOLU / TOTAL 698 6,2Priemerné externé náklady dopravy uvádzajú výhodnosť železnicez roku 2000 (mimo kongescií) v EU 15 + Švajčiarsko + Nórsko(Zdroj: INFRAS / IWW 2004)Average external costs indicate the railway expedience from theyear 2000 (apart from congestions), in the EU 15 + Switzerland +Norway (Source: INFRAS / IWW 2004)300250200150100500železnicarailwayvodaseax 5cestaroadx 13vzduchairEuro na 1000 tonových kilometrovEuro per 1 000 ton-kilometresželeznica voda cesta vzduchrailway sea road air20 25 100 265Náklady dopravcu na infraštruktúru v Sk za čisté tonokilometre(Zdroj: „Harmonizácia dopravných služieb vo verejnom záujme...“(MDPT, 10/2005)Costs of carrier for infrastructure in Sk per net ton- kilometres(Source: „Harmonization of transport services in public interest...“(MDPT, 10/2005)Železničná doprava Cestná doprava indexRail transport Road transport IndexNákladná doprava(Sk/čtkm) 0,56 0,22 2,5Freight traffic(Sk/net ton-km)