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SRK Consulting 8on Overysel and Zwartfontein farms, stretching in a north-south direction along the Matlotlohills.Overburden dumps will be established to the east and west parallel to the new pits. Othersurface infrastructure include a processing plant and a main store on Zwartfontein farm, aswell as a magazine, crusher and conveyer network on the Overysel farm and a new tailingsdam on Blinkwater farm. The tailings dam will cover a surface of about 380 hectares.2.3 Project AlternativesSeveral alternative mining options were considered during the PPRust North feasibilitystudy for the proposed expansion. These included continuation versus expansion options,as well as a combination of open pit and underground mining methods. (The “no project”option will result in the non-realisation of an important and unique economic developmentopportunity in the region.) Potential risk factors playing an important role in the final choicefor both site options and mining method included:Cost, Mining Rate and Production Levels: Selective open pit mining methods offerlower costs with a high degree of ore selectivity and rapid start-up.Mineral Rights and Surface Leases: Unexploited mineral rights (or prolonged lack ofaction) may lead to the loss of these rights under the proposed new mining legislation.Environmental Health: Open pit mining methods normally have lower health risks withregards occupational diseases and tuberculoses.Water Supply: The supply of treated sewage effluent from Polokwane represents thelowest risk option given the nature of social impacts associated with the pipeline route.Resettlement: Social risks and economic costs related to population relocation couldincrease with time due to raising expectations, frustrations and political manipulation.2.4 Replacement LandThe Langa Ndebele (of Mapela) has occupied numerous settlements scattered throughoutthe broader project area for the past three centuries. Until recently, the Black Areas LandRegulations (Proclamation R188 of 1969) dealt with land administration in communal areas.Allocation of land rights takes place through the local tribal chief. However, it is noted thatthe White Paper on Land Policy indicates that a decision regarding land ownership is validonly if it reflects the view of the majority of “co-owners” (legitimate land users).There is agreement between the Department of Land Affairs, the Mapela Tribal Authorityand PPRust that relocations will entail a land-swap, whereby tribal land that will be used byBOENG:\347793 Mokgalekwena 2010\7Reports\Draft EIR\SRK website - electronic upload\Appendices\Appendix I3_Socio economicreport\PPRust SIA Final (Rev-1).doc June 2002