full version - World Organisation Against Torture

Violence against Women in EstoniaA Report to the Human Rights CommitteeContents1. Preliminary Observations .............................................................................................................................. 2411.1 Estonia’s International Obligations .............................................................................. 2421.2 Status of International Law in Estonia ..................................................................... 2431.3 Human rights situation in Estonia .................................................................................... 2442. De jure and de facto status of women ......................................................................................... 2452.1 Gender equality in legislation ................................................................................................ 2452.2 Women and education ......................................................................................................................... 2472.3 Women’s employment and earning ..................................................................................... 2482.4 Representation of women in politics ............................................................................. 2502.5 Access to citizenship ............................................................................................................................. 2513. Violence against Women in the Family ...................................................................................... 2534. Violence against Women in the Community ........................................................................ 2534.1 Rape ................................................................................................................................................................................ 2544.2 Violence at work ......................................................................................................................................... 2544.3 Trafficking in women ........................................................................................................................... 2555. Violence against Women at the hands of state agents ....................................... 2565.1 Detention ............................................................................................................................................................ 2576. Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................................................... 33Concluding observations of the Human Rights Committee: EstoniaSeventy-seventh session – 17 March - 4 April 2003Consideration of Reports Submitted by States PartiesUnder Article 40 of the Covenant ............................................................................................................. 262A. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................ 262B. Positive aspects ..................................................................................................................................................... 262C. Principal subjects of concern and recommendations .................................. 263239