Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Nigeria: western mimicry ...

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Table115WorldDevelopmentReport,2006.Populationlivingbelow$2aday.Page14of44where the oil resources are extracted – especially the Niger-Deltaregion of the country. Their main sources of livelihood (i.e. rivers andfarmlands) are polluted and destroyed. These damages often lead toconflicts between the oil firms and the host communities. The case ofthe Ogoni people and Shell is a well documented study in the CSRliterature. In addition, the marginalisation of the Niger-Delta region isfurther compounded by oil politics – a reflection of the tribal politickingin which the country is engulfed.Despite her rich natural resources, Nigeria has a per capita income ofaround $390 and life expectancy of 45 years (World Bank, 2006). Amore graphic comparative data on the socio-economic condition ofNigeria is presented in the table below:Nigeria suffers from poor infrastructural development. The roadWorldBank(2006)Nigeria Malaysia UK USA Population(millions) 139.8 25.2 59.4 293.5 GNIpercapita(atlasmethod,US$) 390 4,650 33,940 41,400 HDI14 158 61 15 10 Indices(2006)networks are underdeveloped and there are a host of communities andcities cut off from each other due to unassailable transportation14UNDP,HumanDevelopmentIndex2005.92.4 9.3 … … Literacy(%ofpopulationage15+) 67 89 >95 >95 GDP(US$billions) 72.1 118.3 2,140.9 11,667.5 Poverty(HeadCountRatio)15
Page15of44networks. The education system is under-funded and illiteracy rate isup to 40 percent. More than two-thirds of Nigerians are poor. In 1980an estimated 27 percent of Nigerians lived in poverty. By 1990, 70percent of the population had income of less than $1 a day – and thefigure has risen since then (NEEDS, 2005). Nigeria has one of theworst health care systems in the world and the doctor-patient ratio isalmost 1:1000. The public sector is very weak and on top of these,corruption threatens to crumble the country. As such, compared to theWestern standard, there is a total collapse of governance in Nigeria. Insum,Businesses wishing to operate in Nigeria face manyconstraints, including poor infrastructure, particularly roadnetworks and electricity supply; inadequate physicalsecurity; corruption; weak enforcement of contracts, andthe high cost of finance. These factors have deterredforeign entrepreneurs from investing in Nigeria andinduced many Nigerians to take their money and skillsabroad (NEEDS, xv)The Niger-delta region of the country, and indeed the entire Nigeriannation, has up to today continued to seek social justice andenvironmental protection but the oil politics is restlessly driven by
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