The Standards for Evaluation of Names and Armory - SCA Heraldry

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The Standards for Evaluation of Names and Armory:The Rules for Submissions3. Bynames Constructed from Given Name Elements: In many languages, bynames of relationship canbe formed from attested given names. The specific pattern used to form the byname must be found inthe language of the elements used to form it.For example, in Old Norse, the standard patronymic byname for men consists of the possessive form ofthe father's name joined to the word 'son', so Sveinsson is the son of Sveinn. For example, the attestedOld Norse given name Bjartmarr could be used in this construction to create Bjartmarsson, even if thisparticular patronymic was not attested in period sources. For example, Gaelic also has patronymicbynames formed from the possessive form of the father's name, but they are prefaced with 'mac' insteadof joined to 'son'. Thus, the attested Gaelic name Donnchadh could be used in this construction tocreate mac Donnchaidh; it could not be used to create Donnchadhson.4. New Placenames Constructed from Attested Elements and Patterns: New placenames can becreated by combining attested elements.For example, the attested English place names Oxford, Swinford and Hartford indicate a pattern ofkinds of large hooved animals with -ford. Therefore, this pattern would support a similar name likeSheepford. This pattern would not, however, support constructing Bookford or Duckford, since neitherbooks nor ducks are large hooved animals.For example, there is a pattern of adding family names to existing placenames in English. Followingthis pattern, the attested family name Peverel can be added to the attested placename Bercroft toconstruct the compound placename Bercroft Peverel.c. Lingua Anglica Allowance: We allow the registration of translations of attested and constructeddescriptive and locative bynames into standard modern English. We call this the lingua Anglica rule. Weallow this because the meanings of these bynames would have been clear to the speakers of theselanguages, but may be unclear to modern speakers. The translation of descriptive bynames must be aliteral and plausible translation. Under lingua Anglica, locative bynames use standard modern Englishforms rather than period spellings of the placenames. Under no circumstances will translations of themeanings of given names or placenames be registerable under this rule.For example, the Norse byname inn rauði may be translated as the Red. It may not be translated as thebloody, the scarlet, or the like, as these are not literal translations. For example, the Middle Englishdescriptive byname le nymell may be translated as the Nimble, as the original term may be unclear tomodern speakers, even though it is in an earlier form of English.For example, the Spanish byname de Castilla may be translated as of Castile. The Arabic byname al-Dimashqi may be translated as of Damascus or the Damascene. However, while Cairo is derived from aword which means "the victorious", its lingua Anglica form is of Cairo, not of The Victorious, as "TheVictorious" is a translation of the meaning. Additionally, while al-Qahira is the Egyptian spelling of thecity, of al-Qahira is not registerable as the lingua Anglica form, as it is not the standard modern Englishform either.d. Borrowed Names: Name phrases may be borrowed from secular literature, from the Bible or otherreligious literature, or from the names of saints, either as whole name phrases or as name elements toconstruct a name phrase. In either case, the name phrase must be demonstrated to meet the followingrequirements.1. Linguistically Appropriate Form: The name phrase must be shown to be a form by which thecharacter or person was known in that time and place. Generally this means finding it in the literatureof that time (such as a Renaissance Italian Bible, or an English publication of an Arthurian romance).Standards for Evaluation of Names and Armory – April 29, 2012 - Page 9 of 73
The Standards for Evaluation of Names and Armory:The Rules for SubmissionsIn the case of a saint, evidence for that saint's veneration through the naming of churches is generallyallowed. Only the form of the name used in that culture is allowed under this allowance.For example, the Arthurian character Lancelot is found in Italian as Lancilotto. Therefore, Lancilotto,not Lancelot, is the form allowed in Italian context. Similarly, the saint known in her lifetime asÆthelthryth was venerated by late period English people as Audrey. So Audrey is the form allowed inlate period English context.2. Pattern of Borrowing Names: The culture must be shown to have a pattern of using name phrasesfrom that type of source. Demonstrating such a pattern requires at least two independent examples ofnormal people using such name phrases in the target time and place.The type of name phrase must match. Evidence of given names from a literary source does notdemonstrate the use of bynames from that source. The demonstrated pattern must also address the typeof character. The use of the given names of major characters does not demonstrate the use of the givennames of minor characters. So, the pattern of using the given names of major Arthurian characters inmedieval England would justify the name Bedivere even if it were not attested. It would not justify aname from the Bible or the name of a minor Arthurian character like Gwinas, who is only mentionedonce. As there is no similar pattern of borrowing in Gaelic, the Gaelic forms of Arthurian characterscannot be registered under this allowance.Certain kinds of borrowed names were rarely used. These will only be allowed if a pattern explicitlyincludes the use of name phrases of that type. These include:• allegorical names (like Everyman)• the names of characters mentioned only briefly in stories• names from stories that take place in legendary time• the names of superhuman characters (including gods and monsters, but also characters thatinteract with gods or engage in superhuman acts of prowess)• the names of characters from the life stories of saints (like the parents and siblings of saints)• the names of literary placese. Legal Name Allowance: Name phrases from the submitter's legal names may be used. To do this, thesubmitter must demonstrate the name phrase on a legal document, such as a birth certificate, driver'slicense, or the like. Only the full name and the nature of the document must be visible; identificationnumbers and the like may be obscured. Official religious documents are considered evidence forreligious names (Hebrew names, confirmation names), which are also allowed under this allowance.Birth names and maiden names, when documented, are also allowed under this allowance. In somecases, providing a photocopy of the document may not be possible; in such cases, a herald or heraldsmay attest that they have seen the document and this can be sufficient documentation.The name phrase must be used in precisely the way that it is spelled on the legal document. As somelegal documents obscure capitalization (by using all capitals) or omit punctuation (and markings likeaccents), such changes may be allowed on a case by case basis. Name phrases must be used in theirentirety, including any prepositions and articles. Thus, nicknames that do not appear on legaldocuments cannot be registered.For example, the legal name Ruby justifies Ruby, but not Rubie or Rube. The legal name Smith justifiesSmith, but not the Smith. This is true even though one can find occupational bynames in English bothwith and without articles. The legal name von Volvorth justifies von Volvorth, not Volvorth or deVolvorth, though one can find examples of bynames formed from German placenames using thoseforms.Standards for Evaluation of Names and Armory – April 29, 2012 - Page 10 of 73
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GermanDoubleGivenNamesGerman Yes Ad
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JewishDoubleGivenNamesHebrew No Mar
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