Modeling and Simulation of Vehicular Power Systems - webfiles its ...

Ft maxLhbg= μ. Wf= μ(MvgCosα− ( FtmaxLLAnd for rear wheel driven vehicle is:LhagFtmax= μ. Wr= μ(MvgCosα− ( FtmaxLLr− Fr(1 −hdgμM))) =vgCosα[Lb1+μh+ C ( hgr/ Lr μMvgCosα[La+ Cr( hdg− Fr(1 − ))) =h1+μh/ Lggg− r )]/ Ld( 4-16)− r )]/ L( 4-17)If the tractive force applied on the wheels exceeds this maximum force the wheel startsspinning.d4.2 TransmissionIn order to transfer the mechanical torque produced by the traction motor and engine tothe wheels of the vehicle there are some parts in between that are called transmissionpart. It includes, clutch or torque converter, gear box, final drive, differential and driveshaft. It should be noted that most of the above transmission parts may not be used in atypical hybrid or electric vehicle. For example the gear box could be replaced by acontinuous vehicle transmission (CVT) part. As the ICE or the electric traction motor hasa limited speed, by using a gear box this limitation could be further increased. Figure 4-6shows the extended operation characteristic of a typical 5 ratio gear box connected to acombustion engine.Figure 4-6 Tractive effort of internal combustion engine and a multi-geartransmission vehicle vs. vehicle speed22