Modeling and Simulation of Vehicular Power Systems - webfiles its ...

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6.1 Electric motors.................................................................................................. 376.2 Internal combustion engine............................................................................... 386.3 Control system .................................................................................................. 407 Modeling in Simulink/Matlab............................................................. 417.1 Battery............................................................................................................... 417.1.1 Thermal model.......................................................................................... 427.2 Vehicle dynamics.............................................................................................. 427.2.1 Tyre........................................................................................................... 447.3 Engine ............................................................................................................... 457.4 Electric Motor ................................................................................................... 457.5 Driving Cycles .................................................................................................. 457.6 Automatic Driver .............................................................................................. 467.7 Control and energy Management...................................................................... 488 Simulation Results ............................................................................... 498.1 Battery simulation results ................................................................................. 498.2 Series hybrid bus simulation............................................................................. 508.3 Acceleration performance................................................................................. 518.4 CBD drive cycle test ......................................................................................... 539 Conclusion............................................................................................. 599.1 Future Work...................................................................................................... 59References.................................................................................................... 61vi
List of FiguresFigure 2-1: Oil consumption in the world........................................................................... 3Figure 2-2: Oil consumption per region.............................................................................. 3Figure 2-3: Carbon dioxide emission distribution from 1980 to 1999 ............................... 4Figure 2-4: Generic traction system structure..................................................................... 7Figure 2-5: Functional block diagram of a series hybrid vehicle ....................................... 8Figure 2-6: Configuration of a series hybrid vehicle.......................................................... 8Figure 2-7: Functional block diagram of a parallel hybrid vehicle .................................... 9Figure 2-8: Configuration of a parallel hybrid vehicle ..................................................... 10Figure 3-1: RCF modeling................................................................................................ 12Figure 3-2: EMTS solution flow-chart ............................................................................. 14Figure 4-1 Vehicle longitudinal forces ............................................................................. 15Figure 4-2: The deflection of tyre and rolling resistance.................................................. 16Figure 4-3 Tractive for change with slip of tyre............................................................... 18Figure 4-4 Torques and forces on the wheel..................................................................... 19Figure 4-5 Friction coefficient change with slip for different road types......................... 21Figure 4-6 Tractive effort of internal combustion engine and a multi-gear transmissionvehicle vs. vehicle speed................................................................................................... 22Figure 5-1 Peukert curve and capacity change of battery versus discharge current......... 25Figure 5-2: Battery Thevenin model................................................................................. 28Figure 5-3: Modified Thevenin model.............................................................................. 28Figure 5-4:Battery linear model........................................................................................ 29Figure 5-5: Battery nonlinear model................................................................................. 30Figure 5-6 Battery model updating chart.......................................................................... 31Figure 5-7 Test procedure for measurement of open circuit voltage................................ 32Figure 5-8 Battery open circuit voltage versus state of charge......................................... 33Figure 5-9 Circuit for determining of open circuit voltage............................................... 34Figure 5-10 Discharge resistance versus state of charge .................................................. 34Figure 5-11 Charging resistance versus state of charge.................................................... 35Figure 5-12 Circuit to determine battery capacitance....................................................... 36Figure 5-13Transient behavior of battery terminal voltage during load change .............. 36Figure 6-1 Efficiency map of a typical PMSM................................................................. 37Figure 6-2 Dynamic models for PMSM (left) and DC motor (right) ............................... 38Figure 6-3 Engine efficiency map..................................................................................... 39Figure 6-4 Engine torque & speed characteristic.............................................................. 39Figure 7-1 Block diagram of battery model...................................................................... 42Figure 7-2 Battery thermal model block diagram............................................................. 42Figure 7-3 Vehicle dynamics block in Matlab/Simulink.................................................. 43Figure 7-4 Vehicle dynamic block components ............................................................... 44Figure 7-5 Tyre block in Matlab/Simulink ....................................................................... 44Figure 7-6 City Bus Drive cycle (CBD) ........................................................................... 46Figure 7-7 Automatic driver model block in Matlab/Simulink ........................................ 47Figure 8-1 Battery charging test ....................................................................................... 49Figure 8-2 Battery discharging test................................................................................... 50Figure 8-3 Acceleration test of bus................................................................................... 51Figure 8-4 Wheel speed and translated actual vehicle speed............................................ 52vii
Page 1: AhaModeling and Simulation of Vehic
Page 4: To my parents, brother and my love
Page 7: Table of ContentsAcknowledgment....
Page 11: List of TablesTable 3-1 List of som
Page 14 and 15: xii
Page 16 and 17: Chapter 4 discusses the dynamics of
Page 18 and 19: The Other environmental effects of
Page 20 and 21: So a modeling tool being able to de
Page 22 and 23: electric motor to provide the tract
Page 24 and 25: Figure 2-8: Configuration of a para
Page 26 and 27: Vehicle system modeling can be done
Page 28 and 29: Figure 3-2: EMTS solution flow-char
Page 30 and 31: Figure 4-2: The deflection of tyre
Page 32: V −Vwheel actualλa=( 4-9)VwheelV
Page 35 and 36: Figure 4-5 Friction coefficient cha
Page 37 and 38: The gear box consists of different
Page 39 and 40: Where• I = discharge current [amp
Page 41 and 42: decreases very rapidly. In electric
Page 43 and 44: Thus, this simulation model is capa
Page 45 and 46: VOCRchargeRdischargeSOCTempSOCQmaxT
Page 47 and 48: Figure 5-8 Battery open circuit vol
Page 49 and 50: Figure 5-11 Charging resistance ver
Page 51 and 52: 6 Engine, electric machine and cont
Page 53 and 54: 4 Idle speed 840 rpm5 Peak power 15
Page 55 and 56: 7 Modeling in Simulink/MatlabOnce t
Page 57 and 58: Figure 7-3 Vehicle dynamics block i
Page 59 and 60:
7.3 EngineAs described in Chapter 5
Page 61 and 62:
Figure 7-7 Automatic driver model b
Page 63 and 64:
8 Simulation ResultsIn this chapter
Page 65 and 66:
Peak generator torque1074 N.mPeak g
Page 67 and 68:
Figure 8-5 Wheel speed and translat
Page 69 and 70:
Figure 8-7 Engine and generator pow
Page 71 and 72:
Figure 8-9 Battery state of charge
Page 73 and 74:
9 ConclusionRegarding the significa
Page 75 and 76:
References[1] Shuo Tian, Guijun Cao
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