<strong>Types</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Obscurity</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Thomas</strong> <strong>Hardy's</strong> <strong>Jude</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Obscure</strong> <strong>and</strong> Maurice Blanchot's …enigmatic properties that it f<strong>in</strong>ds <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> book he is read<strong>in</strong>g—like a language with no bottom, rooted <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> absolute ,aspontaneous cabala open<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> worlds on <strong>the</strong> page <strong>in</strong>tensivelyread. (Quash 218)This great emphasis on <strong>the</strong> l<strong>in</strong>guistic components <strong>of</strong> literature is part <strong>and</strong>parcel <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>tellectual movement that Balnchot <strong>in</strong>itiates or founds(post-modernism) whose overrid<strong>in</strong>g pr<strong>in</strong>ciple is <strong>the</strong> view that language isnot simply a means <strong>of</strong> know<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> truth; ra<strong>the</strong>r it is <strong>the</strong> means <strong>of</strong>produc<strong>in</strong>g or generat<strong>in</strong>g that truth. Hence <strong>the</strong> whole issue <strong>in</strong> his fiction isa celebration or <strong>the</strong> attempt to show <strong>the</strong> different variations <strong>of</strong> this topic.Out <strong>of</strong> this l<strong>in</strong>guistic texture keenly wrought <strong>the</strong> reader is expected topick up <strong>the</strong> topics he feels ga<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g foreground<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> charge withvarious connotations <strong>and</strong> references.One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se issues <strong>in</strong>form<strong>in</strong>g <strong>Thomas</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Obscure</strong> is <strong>the</strong> impossibility<strong>of</strong> death. <strong>Thomas</strong> repeatedly fails to reach <strong>the</strong> end that death signifies. He<strong>the</strong>refore rema<strong>in</strong>s consigned to <strong>the</strong> state <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>determ<strong>in</strong>acy <strong>and</strong> vacillation.Anne's death appears to be a gift for him so that he can have <strong>the</strong> idealimage <strong>of</strong> death. In The Space <strong>of</strong> Literature, <strong>the</strong>re is detailed rationale <strong>of</strong>this topic <strong>in</strong> <strong>Thomas</strong>. Here is his account,At first glance, <strong>the</strong> preoccupation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> writer who writes <strong>in</strong>order to be able to die is an affront to common sense. It wouldseem we can be sure <strong>of</strong> at least one event: it will come withoutany approach on our part, without our bestirr<strong>in</strong>g ourselves atall, it will come. That is true, but at <strong>the</strong> same time it is nottrue, <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>deed quite possibly it lacks truth altoge<strong>the</strong>r. At leastit does not have <strong>the</strong> k<strong>in</strong>d <strong>of</strong> truth which we feel <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> world,which is <strong>the</strong> measure <strong>of</strong> our action <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> our presence <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong>world…This expla<strong>in</strong>s why no one is l<strong>in</strong>ked to death by realcertitude. No one is sure <strong>of</strong> dy<strong>in</strong>g.(p.95)132
Damascus University Journal, Vol.28 No.1, 2012Sabbar S. SultanThe title <strong>of</strong> his <strong>Thomas</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Obscure</strong> also br<strong>in</strong>gs to m<strong>in</strong>d some echoes<strong>of</strong> a famous sample <strong>in</strong> Western thought, <strong>the</strong> Greek philosopher,Heraclitus or Heraclites(540-480B.C.),remembered for his cosmology<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> mystery envelop<strong>in</strong>g his personal life. Heraclitus compla<strong>in</strong>ed thatmen failed to comprehend <strong>the</strong> logos ("reason"),'<strong>the</strong> universal pr<strong>in</strong>ciplethrough which all th<strong>in</strong>gs are <strong>in</strong>terrelated <strong>and</strong> all natural events occur, <strong>and</strong>thus lived like dreamers with a false view <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> world'(Encyc. 860).Indeed <strong>the</strong> duality <strong>of</strong> truth <strong>and</strong> fiction which is <strong>the</strong> core <strong>of</strong> Heraclitus'sthought is at work <strong>in</strong> Blanchot's 'obscure' figure <strong>of</strong> his novel. This istantamount to say<strong>in</strong>g that Blanchot's novel is actually an abstract <strong>and</strong>even obtuse piece <strong>of</strong> fiction that reaches <strong>the</strong> borders <strong>of</strong> dream, illusion,<strong>the</strong> nature <strong>of</strong> language ,its <strong>in</strong>herent barriers <strong>and</strong> above all <strong>the</strong>impossibility <strong>of</strong> creat<strong>in</strong>g an artistic work without arous<strong>in</strong>g at <strong>the</strong> sametime <strong>the</strong> assumption that <strong>the</strong> whole th<strong>in</strong>gis fictive, a makebelieve.Take <strong>the</strong> follow<strong>in</strong>g excerpt which represents his technical <strong>and</strong>l<strong>in</strong>guistic assumptions about <strong>the</strong> fictional text,Anne saw him com<strong>in</strong>g without surprise, this <strong>in</strong>evitable be<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>whom she recognized <strong>the</strong> one she tried <strong>in</strong> va<strong>in</strong> to escape, but wouldmeet aga<strong>in</strong> everyday. Each time he came straight to her, follow<strong>in</strong>gwith an <strong>in</strong>flexible pace laid straight over <strong>the</strong> sea, <strong>the</strong> forests, even<strong>the</strong> sky [...]Anne enveloped <strong>in</strong> this pr<strong>of</strong>ound <strong>in</strong>sensitivity ,silentimmobility, carried away by which revealed her, feel<strong>in</strong>g all <strong>the</strong> calm <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> universe condens<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> her through him, just as <strong>the</strong> sparkl<strong>in</strong>g chaos<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ultimate noon was resound<strong>in</strong>g, m<strong>in</strong>gled with <strong>the</strong> silence,preservedby <strong>the</strong> greatest peace, not dar<strong>in</strong>g to make a move or to have a thought...(p.86)A fur<strong>the</strong>r example is helpful <strong>in</strong> enhanc<strong>in</strong>g this fictive-factual relationship.<strong>Thomas</strong> is <strong>of</strong>ten <strong>in</strong>teriorized <strong>in</strong> Anne's consciousness so that his ownreality gets more <strong>and</strong> more questionable. It is a state <strong>in</strong> which <strong>the</strong>re is anoverlapp<strong>in</strong>g between <strong>the</strong>se two levels,133
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