Ghrelin's second life - World Journal of Gastroenterology

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Table 2 Ghrelin antagonists under development for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes Ghrelin agonists may be a promising therapeutic avenue to preserve and improve the function of the remaining β-cells in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, by promoting β cell regeneration at an early stage of the disease. In addition, ghrelin agonists are useful to accelerate diabetic gastroparesis, which often impairs quality of life in diabetic patients. Long-term studies will be needed to investigate whether the developed ghrelin agonists do not induce desensitization of the ghrelin receptor. To prevent this issue, the half-life of these agonists should not be too long. Moreover, ghrelin has a wide range of other physiological functions, such as cardiovascular effects, anxiety, sleep, memory, and mood, which may lead to unwanted side effects. Additional research is needed to further address these issues. 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Verhulst PJ et al . Ghrelin and glucose homeostasis muscle cells. Mol Biol Cell 2007; 18: 986-994 22 Thompson NM, Gill DA, Davies R, Loveridge N, Houston PA, Robinson IC, Wells T. Ghrelin and des-octanoyl ghrelin promote adipogenesis directly in vivo by a mechanism independent of the type 1a growth hormone secretagogue receptor. Endocrinology 2004; 145: 234-242 23 Baldanzi G, Filigheddu N, Cutrupi S, Catapano F, Bonissoni S, Fubini A, Malan D, Baj G, Granata R, Broglio F, Papotti M, Surico N, Bussolino F, Isgaard J, Deghenghi R, Sinigaglia F, Prat M, Muccioli G, Ghigo E, Graziani A. Ghrelin and desacyl ghrelin inhibit cell death in cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells through ERK1/2 and PI 3-kinase/AKT. 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Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2002; 282: G948-G952 36 Depoortere I, De Winter B, Thijs T, De Man J, Pelckmans P, Peeters T. Comparison of the gastroprokinetic effects of ghrelin, GHRP-6 and motilin in rats in vivo and in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 515: 160-168 WJG|www.wjgnet.com 37 Dornonville de la Cour C, Lindström E, Norlén P, Håkanson R. Ghrelin stimulates gastric emptying but is without effect on acid secretion and gastric endocrine cells. Regul Pept 2004; 120: 23-32 38 Kitazawa T, De Smet B, Verbeke K, Depoortere I, Peeters TL. Gastric motor effects of peptide and non-peptide ghrelin agonists in mice in vivo and in vitro. Gut 2005; 54: 1078-1084 39 Levin F, Edholm T, Schmidt PT, Grybäck P, Jacobsson H, Degerblad M, Höybye C, Holst JJ, Rehfeld JF, Hellström PM, Näslund E. Ghrelin stimulates gastric emptying and hunger in normal-weight humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91: 3296-3302 40 Tack J, Depoortere I, Bisschops R, Verbeke K, Janssens J, Peeters T. 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Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004; 101: 4679-4684 53 Zigman JM, Nakano Y, Coppari R, Balthasar N, Marcus JN, 3192 July 7, 2012|Volume 18|Issue 25|
Page 1 and 2: World Journal of Gastroenterology W
Page 3 and 4: Phillip S Oates, Perth Ross C Smith
Page 5 and 6: Deepak N Amarapurkar, Mumbai Abhiji
Page 7 and 8: Trine Olsen, Tromsø Eyvind J Pauls
Page 9 and 10: Conor P Delaney, Cleveland Sharon D
Page 11 and 12: S Contents EDITORIAL TOPIC HIGHLIGH
Page 13 and 14: Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS APPENDIX A
Page 15 and 16: Verhulst PJ et al . Ghrelin and glu
Page 21: Verhulst PJ et al . Ghrelin and glu
Page 27: Online Submissions: http://www.wjgn
Page 31: Ishikawa T. Zinc during interferon
Page 35 and 36: Sitarz R et al . Gastroenterostoma
Page 37 and 38: Sitarz R et al . Gastroenterostoma
Page 39 and 40: Morais TC et al . Gastrointestinal
Page 47 and 48: Song MJ et al . Usefulness of PET/C
Page 49 and 50: A Sensitivity B Sensitivity C Sensi
Page 55 and 56: Bae GS et al . Anti-inflammatory ef
Page 59 and 60: B Myeloperoxidase activity (U/mg pr
Page 61 and 62: A Time (h) - 1 3 6 NJ4 B Relative H
Page 63 and 64: A C Time (h) - 1 3 6 NJ4-2 B Relati
Page 70 and 71: A Collagen staining (fold change) C
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CCl4/YGJ CCl4-13 wk CCl4-7 wk Contr
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CCl4/YGJ CCl4-13 wk CCl4-7 wk Contr
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liver and have potent proliferative
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A 8 wk 9 wk 10 wk 13 wk CCl4/YGJ CC
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Cheng JC. A Chinese Herbal Decoctio
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Singh R, Neo EN, Nordeen N, Shanmug
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etter patient tolerance with regard
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Key words: Intestinal alkaline phos
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Molnár K et al . iAP in pediatric
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Chung WC et al . Ulcer after gastre
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Yang HY et al . Early resection of
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indicate a later timing for radical
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Zhao WC, Zhang HB, Yang N, Fu Y, Qi
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level, or rapid enlargement of lesi
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Table 3 Area under the receiver ope
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Zhao WC et al . Prognostic factors
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Online Submissions: http://www.wjgn
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mV 0 2 4 6 8 cpm FD patients are sh
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COMMENTS Background Gastric motilit
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thirds partial hepatectomy (PH) in
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A Serum ALT (U/L) C Serum alkaline
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REFERENCES 1 Schibler U. Circadian
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positive patients were found to hav
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21 Tosolini M, Kirilovsky A, Mlecni
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Diao TJ et al . NO and hepatopulmon
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Gallegos M et al . Lymphogranuloma
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Gallegos M et al . Lymphogranuloma
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A Hadžić N et al . Diagnosis in B
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Hadžić N et al . Diagnosis in BAA
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A B Chung HJ et al . Choledocholith
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Chung HJ et al . Choledocholithiasi
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Instructions to authors ISSN and EI
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Instructions to authors AIM (no mor
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Instructions to authors Guidelines
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