Ghrelin's second life - World Journal of Gastroenterology

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A Collagen staining (fold change) CCl4/YGJ CCl4 Control B 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 CCl4 CCl4 + YGJ b 0 7 8 9 10 13 t /wk Figure 2 Collagen staining with Sirius red and Hyp content. A: Collagen staining. Week 0 control mice have limited collagen in the portal area, but fibrous septa bridging the portal tracts were found in the livers of CCl4-treated mice, and this was significantly attenuated in YGJ-treated mice, × 200; B: Semi-quantification of collagen staining, the week 0 control group level was set as the basal level; C: Hyp content in the liver. Results of collagen staining and Hyp content show that they both continuously increased in the CCl4-treated group but declined in the YGJ + CCl4 group over the entire period. a P < 0.05, b P < 0.01 vs week 0 control group; c P < 0.05, d P < 0.01 vs the same time-point CCl4 group. Results are presented as mean ± SD. CCl4: Carbone tetrachloride; YGJ: Yiguanjian; Hyp: Hydroxyproline. YGJ decoction inhibits the migration of bone marrow cells into chronically injured liver It has been reported that bone marrow cells or their progeny can circulate into various damaged organs and differentiate into myofibroblasts or fibrocytes [13] . In the liver, several studies have suggested that bone marrow contributes to scar forming cells of various types, such as the HSCs [10] . WJG|www.wjgnet.com b b c c d b b Wang XL et al . YGJ decoction protects against hepatic injury 8 wk 9 wk 10 wk 13 wk C Liver Hyp content (μg/mg pr) 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 a CCl4 CCl4 + YGJ b c 0 7 8 9 10 13 t /wk b c Our results further confirmed these reports. Following CCl4 injection into the mice which received bone marrow transplantation, the number of EGFP + cells also increased steadily in injured livers, which were mainly distributed in the fibrotic areas. In contrast, only a few EGFP + cells were found in the vehicle-treated control mice, who received only olive oil but no CCl4 injection after bone marrow re- 3239 July 7, 2012|Volume 18|Issue 25| b c b c
CCl4/YGJ CCl4 Control Wang XL et al . YGJ decoction protects against hepatic injury A 8 wk 9 wk 10 wk 13 wk B α-SMA staining (fold change) 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 b CCl4 CCl4 + YGJ 0 7 8 9 10 13 t /wk Figure 3 Immunostaining and Western blot analysis of α-smooth muscle actin in liver tissues. A: α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) immunostaining, × 200; B: Semi-quantification of α-SMA positive area, with the level in the week 0 control group set as the basal level; C: Western blotting of α-SMA; D: Semi-quantification of the α-SMA Western blot results, with the week 0 control group level set as the basal level. b P < 0.01 vs week 0 control group; d P < 0.01 vs the same time-point CCl4 group. Results are mean ± SD. CCl4: Carbone tetrachloride; YGJ: Yiguanjian; GAPDH: Glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. constitution. In YGJtreated mice, the number of EGFP + cells decreased markedly as compared with the CCl4injected mice at the same time point. Moreover, unlike the distribution of EGFP + cells which were mainly found in the fibrotic area in CCl4injected mice, the EGFP + cells were distributed not only in mesenchymal but also in parenchymal areas in YGJtreated mice (Figures 46). YGJ decoction-mediated bone marrow-derived cell differentiation in chronically injured liver In accordance with the results of the dynamic CCl4 injec- WJG|www.wjgnet.com b b b b d d d d C D α-SMA GAPDH CCl4 YGJ - + + + + + + + + + - - - + - + - + - + 7 wk 8 wk 9 wk 10 wk 13 wk α-SMA content (fold change) 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 CCl4 CCl4 + YGJ 0 7 8 9 10 13 t /wk tion model without BM transplantation, both the number and distribution of αSMA + cells increased constantly over the course of liver injury in mice with bone marrow reconstitution. Treatment with YGJ reduced the number of αSMA + cells in fibrotic livers. The results of EGFP/ αSMA double staining showed that there were almost no double positive cells in the vehicle control mice. In contrast, the number of the EGFP + /αSMA + cells increased over time in all mice after receiving CCl4 injections for 7 wk (P < 0.01) and remained high to the final timepoint (P < 0.01); moreover, the EGFP + /αSMA + cells were mainly 3240 July 7, 2012|Volume 18|Issue 25| b b d b d b d
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World Journal of Gastroenterology W
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Phillip S Oates, Perth Ross C Smith
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Deepak N Amarapurkar, Mumbai Abhiji
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Trine Olsen, Tromsø Eyvind J Pauls
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Conor P Delaney, Cleveland Sharon D
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S Contents EDITORIAL TOPIC HIGHLIGH
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Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS APPENDIX A
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Verhulst PJ et al . Ghrelin and glu
Page 17 and 18: Verhulst PJ et al . Ghrelin and glu
Page 27: Online Submissions: http://www.wjgn
Page 31: Ishikawa T. Zinc during interferon
Page 35 and 36: Sitarz R et al . Gastroenterostoma
Page 37 and 38: Sitarz R et al . Gastroenterostoma
Page 39 and 40: Morais TC et al . Gastrointestinal
Page 47 and 48: Song MJ et al . Usefulness of PET/C
Page 49 and 50: A Sensitivity B Sensitivity C Sensi
Page 55 and 56: Bae GS et al . Anti-inflammatory ef
Page 59 and 60: B Myeloperoxidase activity (U/mg pr
Page 61 and 62: A Time (h) - 1 3 6 NJ4 B Relative H
Page 63 and 64: A C Time (h) - 1 3 6 NJ4-2 B Relati
Page 72 and 73: CCl4/YGJ CCl4-13 wk CCl4-7 wk Contr
Page 74 and 75: CCl4/YGJ CCl4-13 wk CCl4-7 wk Contr
Page 76 and 77: liver and have potent proliferative
Page 78 and 79: A 8 wk 9 wk 10 wk 13 wk CCl4/YGJ CC
Page 80 and 81: Cheng JC. A Chinese Herbal Decoctio
Page 82 and 83: Singh R, Neo EN, Nordeen N, Shanmug
Page 84 and 85: etter patient tolerance with regard
Page 86: Key words: Intestinal alkaline phos
Page 89 and 90: Molnár K et al . iAP in pediatric
Page 97 and 98: Chung WC et al . Ulcer after gastre
Page 99: Yang HY et al . Early resection of
Page 102 and 103: indicate a later timing for radical
Page 104 and 105: Zhao WC, Zhang HB, Yang N, Fu Y, Qi
Page 106 and 107: level, or rapid enlargement of lesi
Page 108 and 109: Table 3 Area under the receiver ope
Page 111 and 112: Zhao WC et al . Prognostic factors
Page 113 and 114: Online Submissions: http://www.wjgn
Page 116 and 117: mV 0 2 4 6 8 cpm FD patients are sh
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COMMENTS Background Gastric motilit
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thirds partial hepatectomy (PH) in
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A Serum ALT (U/L) C Serum alkaline
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REFERENCES 1 Schibler U. Circadian
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positive patients were found to hav
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Online Submissions: http://www.wjgn
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21 Tosolini M, Kirilovsky A, Mlecni
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Diao TJ et al . NO and hepatopulmon
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Gallegos M et al . Lymphogranuloma
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Gallegos M et al . Lymphogranuloma
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A Hadžić N et al . Diagnosis in B
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Hadžić N et al . Diagnosis in BAA
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A B Chung HJ et al . Choledocholith
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Chung HJ et al . Choledocholithiasi
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Instructions to authors ISSN and EI
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Instructions to authors AIM (no mor
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Instructions to authors Guidelines
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