Ghrelin's second life - World Journal of Gastroenterology

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118 Wang W, Zhang D, Zhao H, Chen Y, Liu Y, Cao C, Han L, Liu G. Ghrelin inhibits cell apoptosis induced by lipotoxicity in pancreatic beta-cell line. Regul Pept 2010; 161: 43-50 119 Ikezaki A, Hosoda H, Ito K, Iwama S, Miura N, Matsuoka H, Kondo C, Kojima M, Kangawa K, Sugihara S. Fasting plasma ghrelin levels are negatively correlated with insulin resistance and PAI-1, but not with leptin, in obese children and adolescents. Diabetes 2002; 51: 3408-3411 120 McLaughlin T, Abbasi F, Lamendola C, Frayo RS, Cummings DE. Plasma ghrelin concentrations are decreased in insulin-resistant obese adults relative to equally obese insulin-sensitive controls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89: 1630-1635 121 Iwakura H, Ariyasu H, Li Y, Kanamoto N, Bando M, Yamada G, Hosoda H, Hosoda K, Shimatsu A, Nakao K, Kangawa K, Akamizu T. A mouse model of ghrelinoma exhibited activated growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor I axis and glucose intolerance. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2009; 297: WJG|www.wjgnet.com Verhulst PJ et al . Ghrelin and glucose homeostasis E802-E811 122 Nass R, Pezzoli SS, Oliveri MC, Patrie JT, Harrell FE, Clasey JL, Heymsfield SB, Bach MA, Vance ML, Thorner MO. Effects of an oral ghrelin mimetic on body composition and clinical outcomes in healthy older adults: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2008; 149: 601-611 123 Qi Y, Longo KA, Giuliana DJ, Gagne S, McDonagh T, Govek E, Nolan A, Zou C, Morgan K, Hixon J, Saunders JO, Distefano PS, Geddes BJ. Characterization of the insulin sensitivity of ghrelin receptor KO mice using glycemic clamps. BMC Physiol 2011; 11: 1 124 Garner AL, Janda KD. A small molecule antagonist of ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT). Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47: 7512-7514 125 Halem HA, Taylor JE, Dong JZ, Shen Y, Datta R, Abizaid A, Diano S, Horvath T, Zizzari P, Bluet-Pajot MT, Epelbaum J, Culler MD. Novel analogs of ghrelin: physiological and clinical implications. Eur J Endocrinol 2004; 151 Suppl 1: S71-S75 S- Editor Shi ZF L- Editor Stewart GJ E- Editor Zhang DN 3195 July 7, 2012|Volume 18|Issue 25|
Online Submissions: http://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327office wjg@wjgnet.com doi:10.3748/wjg.v18.i25.3196 Toru Ishikawa, MD, PhD, Series Editor WJG|www.wjgnet.com 3196 World J Gastroenterol 2012 July 7; 18(25): 3196-3200 ISSN 1007-9327 (print) ISSN 2219-2840 (online) © 2012 Baishideng. All rights reserved. TOPIC HIGHLIGHT Can zinc enhance response interferon therapy for patients with HCV-related liver disease? Toru Ishikawa Toru Ishikawa, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Niigata Daini Hospital, Niigata 950-1104, Japan Author contributions: Ishikawa T contributed solely to this review. Correspondence to: Toru Ishikawa, MD, PhD, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Niigata Daini Hospital, 280-7 Teraji, Niigata 950-1104, Japan. toruishi@ngt.saiseikai.or.jp Telephone: +81-25-2336161 Fax: +81-25-2338880 Received: August 17, 2011 Revised: September 24, 2011 Accepted: October 11, 2011 Published online: July 7, 2012 Abstract Patients with liver disease may be at risk of zinc depletion. Zinc supplementation has been shown to contribute to inhibition of liver fibrosis and improvement in hepatic encephalopathy. However, little is known about the anti-inflammatory effect of zinc on hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related chronic liver disease. The standard of care for chronic HCV has improved markedly since the approval of interferon (IFN) therapy more than a decade ago. Over the past 20 years, IFN therapy has improved to more effectively eliminate the virus, progressing from single IFN therapy to combination therapy with ribavirin (RBV) and finally to pegylated IFN (PEG-IFN) therapy. However, even combined therapy with PEG-IFN and RBV for 48 wk is unable to eliminate the virus in some 40% of hepatitis C cases, particularly those with genotype 1b and high viral load. Treatment options for patients who have relapsed or are refractory to treatment with PEG-IFN and RBV therefore need to be critically assessed. This paper overviews the relationship between chronic liver disease and zinc metabolism. © 2012 Baishideng. All rights reserved. Key words: Chronic hepatitis C; Zinc; Interferon therapy Peer reviewers: Heitor Rosa, Professor, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Federal University School of Medicine, Rua 126 n.21, Goiania-GO 74093-080, Brazil; Natalia A Osna, MD, PhD, Liver Study Unit, Research Service (151), VA Medical Center, 4101 Woolworth Avenue, Omaha, NE 68105, United States Ishikawa T. Can zinc enhance response interferon therapy for patients with HCV-related liver disease? World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18(25): 3196-3200 Available from: URL: http://www. wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v18/i25/3196.htm DOI: http:// dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v18.i25.3196 LIVER DISEASE AND ABNORMAL METAL METABOLISM Abnormal metal metabolism, which is related to liver disease, has long been a subject of pathological study, particularly storage diseases such as iron metabolism in hemochromatosis [1] and copper metabolism in Wilson’s disease [2] . As nutrition science has advanced, it has recently been pointed out that trace metallic elements in blood play essential roles, and abnormal metal metabolism involving metal deficiency in various diseases has been studied. Zinc is an essential trace element in the human body, with approximately 2 g distributed throughout the body of a healthy adult, including many organs [3-5] . In vivo, this element stimulates the activity of as many as 300 metal enzymes and metal-activated enzymes, and is crucial for nucleic acids and protein metabolism. Zinc plays an important role in the activity of many enzyme proteins, and a deficiency of zinc causes various pathologic disorders in the human body. Regarding zinc metabolism abnormality in liver disease, in 1951 Vikbladh pointed out that the zinc content in serum was low in the case of various liver diseases [6] , and conjectured that serum contains albumin loosely July 7, 2012|Volume 18|Issue 25|
Page 1 and 2: World Journal of Gastroenterology W
Page 3 and 4: Phillip S Oates, Perth Ross C Smith
Page 5 and 6: Deepak N Amarapurkar, Mumbai Abhiji
Page 7 and 8: Trine Olsen, Tromsø Eyvind J Pauls
Page 9 and 10: Conor P Delaney, Cleveland Sharon D
Page 11 and 12: S Contents EDITORIAL TOPIC HIGHLIGH
Page 13 and 14: Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS APPENDIX A
Page 15 and 16: Verhulst PJ et al . Ghrelin and glu
Page 25: Verhulst PJ et al . Ghrelin and glu
Page 31: Ishikawa T. Zinc during interferon
Page 35 and 36: Sitarz R et al . Gastroenterostoma
Page 37 and 38: Sitarz R et al . Gastroenterostoma
Page 39 and 40: Morais TC et al . Gastrointestinal
Page 47 and 48: Song MJ et al . Usefulness of PET/C
Page 49 and 50: A Sensitivity B Sensitivity C Sensi
Page 55 and 56: Bae GS et al . Anti-inflammatory ef
Page 59 and 60: B Myeloperoxidase activity (U/mg pr
Page 61 and 62: A Time (h) - 1 3 6 NJ4 B Relative H
Page 63 and 64: A C Time (h) - 1 3 6 NJ4-2 B Relati
Page 70 and 71: A Collagen staining (fold change) C
Page 72 and 73: CCl4/YGJ CCl4-13 wk CCl4-7 wk Contr
Page 74 and 75: CCl4/YGJ CCl4-13 wk CCl4-7 wk Contr
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liver and have potent proliferative
Page 78 and 79:
A 8 wk 9 wk 10 wk 13 wk CCl4/YGJ CC
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Cheng JC. A Chinese Herbal Decoctio
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Singh R, Neo EN, Nordeen N, Shanmug
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etter patient tolerance with regard
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Key words: Intestinal alkaline phos
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Molnár K et al . iAP in pediatric
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Chung WC et al . Ulcer after gastre
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Yang HY et al . Early resection of
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indicate a later timing for radical
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Zhao WC, Zhang HB, Yang N, Fu Y, Qi
Page 106 and 107:
level, or rapid enlargement of lesi
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Table 3 Area under the receiver ope
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Zhao WC et al . Prognostic factors
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Online Submissions: http://www.wjgn
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mV 0 2 4 6 8 cpm FD patients are sh
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COMMENTS Background Gastric motilit
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thirds partial hepatectomy (PH) in
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A Serum ALT (U/L) C Serum alkaline
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REFERENCES 1 Schibler U. Circadian
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positive patients were found to hav
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21 Tosolini M, Kirilovsky A, Mlecni
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Diao TJ et al . NO and hepatopulmon
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Gallegos M et al . Lymphogranuloma
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Gallegos M et al . Lymphogranuloma
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Page 155 and 156:
A Hadžić N et al . Diagnosis in B
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Hadžić N et al . Diagnosis in BAA
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A B Chung HJ et al . Choledocholith
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Chung HJ et al . Choledocholithiasi
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Instructions to authors ISSN and EI
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Instructions to authors AIM (no mor
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Instructions to authors Guidelines
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