le travail à l'écran de visualisation work with display units

PS 2 66EYE-CATCHER: A LOW-COST EYE-TRACKER FOR RESEARCH ON HUMAN COMPUTERINTERACTIONHâns Stolk, Kasper Boon, Mark Smulders, Laurens Jan Ribbens,Educational Engineering Group, Open University, The NetherlandsThe aim of the EYE-CATCHER project is to develop a low-cost eye-tracker,suitable for research on human computer interaction in normal workingsituations.Commercially available eye-movement equipment has a number ofdisadvantages which makes it less suitable for research on humancomputerinteraction.Existing equipment is often:-mentally demanding-restricted to application in a laboratory situation-difficult to operate-expensive (>$50.000)-not meant specifically for research on human-computer interactionThe aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of an eyetrackerthat does not have these disadvantages and which is suitable forresearch on human-computer interaction of subjects working with a VDU innormal situations.Newly available video-processors and infrared sensitive CCD-camera'senable the construction of a low-cost eye-tracker which does notinfluence the subject and has an accuracy of at least one character on astandard VDU screen. User centered software design helps to make theequipment easy to operate.A prototype was developed using an infrared-sensitive CCD-videocameraand a special optical system. Multiple infrared sources were used toobtain higher accuracy and faster performance in comparison to similarsystems with a single infrared source. The video-signal is processed bymeans of a 68000-based videoprocessor, which was developed for thisapplication.PS2 67PROGRESS IN THE VDU AS A PROCESS OF MUTUAL ADAPTATION OF MEN ANDINFORMATION SYSTEMSDr. Prof. Valéry F. Venda, Head Dept of Learning, ResearchInstitute for Higher Education, USSR.Development of any system is a process of mutual adaptation between innercomponent of the system and between the system and environment. This is the firstlaw in the set of laws of mutual adaptation and transformation of systems proposed bythe author at the IXth Congress of IEA. It is necessary to use more concrete law forsynthesis and development of man-machine systems: development of man-computersystem is a process of mutual anticipating multilevel adaptation between man andcomputer and between man-computer system and environment.Forecasting adaptation means designing hardware and software of the man-computersystem with modeling its future tasks and environment with special multicycle imitationand graphic model - the Quadrigram proposed at the Xth Congress of IEA and widelyused in our research and practical design.Multilevel adaptation means increasing efficiency of man-computer system bysequentially used levels: total, contigent, functional, individual and individualoperative.The fundamentals of methodology of man-machine information Interactionwas proposed by the author in the plenary paper at the 21-st Annual Conference of theUS, HFS and based on research by T.B. Pew, A. Chapanis, F. Klinx and others.Multilevel adaptation of man to machine means the unity of professional selection andspecial training. We taught the operators of nuclear power plants in transformation ofstrategies of mental work and control and operative creation of principally newstrategies with the use of Transformation learning theory and its methods. Mutualforecasting multilevel and transformation approach to the progress in VDU workplacesis also promising for the use in the field of prediction, design and training including thewidescale sociotechnical systems of Hybrid Intelligence.KEYWORDS: mutual multilevel adaptation, Transformation learning theory, HybridIntelligence.For research on the cognitive modelling of users, the stimulus field, aspresented on a VDU screen, can be divided into a number of subfields oras we call them "fields of interest". Software has been developed whichlinks these fields of interest to the eye-movements, determining thesuccessive fields of interest, the fixation durations and a transitionmatrix with respect to the fields of interest.Results will be given on the performance of the system. It will be shownthat by means of a relatively simple center-of-gravity algorithm realtimeprocessing of eye-movements is possible. The usability of thesystem for human-computer interaction research will be illustrated forsimple stimulus fields.KEYWORDS: human-computer interaction, cognitive models, eye - movements.TEV 1989 — DEUXIÈME CONFÉRENCE SCIENTIFIQUE INTERNATIONALE • MONTRÉAL • SECOND INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE — WWDU 198982TEV 1989 — DEUXIÈME CONFÉRENCE SCIENTIFIQUE INTERNATIONALE • MONTRÉAL • SECOND INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE — WWDU 198983