le travail à l'écran de visualisation work with display units

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CHANGES IN DISCOMFORTS DURING SIX YEARS OF VDT WORKVDUS IN BRAZIL: NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN AN OLD FRAMEWORKRoger Wibom and Ulf Bergqvist, Department of Neuromedicine, National Institute ofOccupational Health, Solna, Sweden.Angelo dos Santos Soares, Informatic Department,Getulio Vargas - SSo Paulo, Brazil.FundaçâoThis investigation is part of a longitudinal study of office workers in seven differentcompanies, aimed to elucidate possible relationships between VDT work and adversehealth effects. In this part, changes in health problem status from 1981-82 to 1987-88 areconsidered, in relation to changes in VDT work status.In 1981-82, 535 subjects responded to a questionnaire on various health problems andwork conditions. The same questionnaire was distributed in 1987-88 to those 353 subjectsstill available, 337 (95%) of whom responded.The percentage of each group (535 vs 337) who used VDTs in their work was 73% in1981-2 and 86% 1987-8. Concerning prevalences of health effects, small overall increasesin eye discomforts (62% to 65%) and neck problems (52% to 57%) and somewhat largerincreases in skin problems (18% to 28%) were noted. Individual changes were noted to ahigher degree - for example, eye problems appeared for 14% of the 337 group anddisappeared in 12%, resulting in a small overall increase.The risk ratio, i e the risk of getting eye discomfort during this six-year period for thosewho worked with VDTs in 1987-8 compared to those not working with VDTs in 1987-8was 1.9, regardless of whether they worked with VDTs in 1981-2 or not. For skinproblems, the corresponding risk ratio was 1.3 and for neck problems 0.71. The ratio inthe other direction, that is the chance of ceasing to have discomfort during this period forthose with vs those without VDT work was 0.52 for eye discomforts and 1.4 for neckproblems. (For skin problems, subjects in the non-VDT categories were too few.)Overall, risk ratios for 'current 'discomforts vs 'current' VDT work (calculated for eachperiod; 1981-2 and 1987-8) increased for eye discomforts, whereas changes were less forskin and neck problems. Comparing discomforts in 1981-2 for those who remained in thestudy 1987-8 vs those who dropped out, no major differences were seen, for eyediscomforts the prevalences were nearly identical.The changes seen in various discomforts in relation to changes in VDT work do showconsistency with other findings in the total study; a prominent relationship between eyediscomfort and VDT work, a questionable such for skin problems, and no relationshipbetween neck problems and VDT work.KEYWORDS: Discomfort changes, VDT work changes, eye discomfort, neck problems,skin problems.The aim of the study was to make a preliminary evaluation ofhow VDUs are being used here in Brazil, the Third World's Country that has the largest eletronic market which is estimatedin US$ 8 billions.I surveyed 5 organizations (public and private) which use intensivelyVDUs. I made personal interviews, I visited the workplaces and I prepared a questionnaire which was answered by171 workers (data-entry clerks, telephone operators, reserveagents). I also surveyed the largest Brazilian VDUs manufacturer.Brazilian VDUs, unfortunately, are not ergonomicaly designed.46.9% do not have filter or hood to deflect glare and 25.2% donot know if the filter exists. Adjustments of: angle of keyboard,height of screen, size of symbols, pressure of keys arenot avaiable. The only possible adjustments are contrast andintensity. Manufacturers do not know about the risks involvedwith radiation (ionizing and non-ionizing) and do not controlthis variable in their production line.Ergonomie aspects of the workstations are not taken into account.Although we have quite good chairs, we do not have appropriatetables for VDU use. The only foot rest manufacturerstopped the production because there were no purchasers. Inevery workplace, I could not observe the use of documentholder.The working time is the minimum of 30 hours a week. The wagesare very low, which make overtime and/or sometimes a secondjob very frequent. The work is eletronically monitored.The consequences of this reality are an increasingly number ofworkers with Repetition Strain Injuries (RSI).It was estimatedthat 30% of our data-entry clerks has got tenosinovitls whichwas accepted as an occupational disorder only in 1987. 68.4%complain about general tiredness, 61.4% about irritability and59.7% about headaches, which may indicate high level of stressproblems.KEYWORDS: Ergonomics, Work Organization, RSI,StressTEV 1989 — DEUXIÈME CONFÉRENCE SCIENTIFIQUE INTERNATIONALE • MONTRÉAL • SECOND INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE — WWDU 1989136TEV 1989 — DEUXIÈME CONFÉRENCE SCIENTIFIQUE IN TERNATIONALE • MONTRÉAL • SECOND INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE — WWDU 1989137
SKIN COMPLAINTS AND VDU WORK; AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDYMats Berg and Sture Lidén, Department of Dermatology, Karolinska Hospital,Stockholm, Sweden. Olav Axelson, Department of Occupational Medicine, UniversityHospital, Linkôping, Sweden.The aim of the study was to investigate whether skin problems are more commonin VDU exposed persons than in controls, whether these possible differencesare objective or subjective, whether there is a dose-response effect, aspecific "VDU dermatosis" or any indication of a risk for cancerous or precancerousskin changes.A questionnaire about skin rashes/symptoms was sent to 3877 randomly selectedoffice employees with different degrees of video display unit exposure (participationrate 96.6 %). From this group 809 randomly selected individuals wereexamined and interviewed.Self-reported skin complaints/rashes were more common amongst those highlyexposed than amongst the non-exposed category (relative risk (RR) 1.96, 95 %confidence (CI) 1.74-2.21). The only symptoms that were significantly morecommon were pronounced itching and burning sensations but with few visiblesigns. Objective facial signs were slightly but not significantly more common inthe highly exposed category (RR=1.24, 95 % CI 0.93-1.66). There was no doseresponseeffect regarding the amount of VDU exposure and objective skin signs.Unilateral skin rashes and skin malignancies were found in the same frequencyin both the exposed and the non-exposed categories.This study does not support the hypothesis that yDU work causes definite skindiseases, although some associated sensations in the skin might occur in connectionwith such work.Keywords: epidemiology, facial dermatoses, office employeesDermatologie Symptoms among Visual Display Unit operators using LiquidPlasma Display and Cathode Hay Tube screensKoh D, Goh CL, Jeyaratnara J, Kee WC and Ong CNDept of community, Occupational & Family MedicineNational University of SingaporeKent RidgeSINGAPOREABSTRACTSeveral reports have suggested that work with visual display units(VDUs) may be associated with skin rashes. Moat of these studies wereconducted with operators using cathode ray tube (CRT) monitors. However,other monitors which employ alternative technologies are also in use.Among these are Liquid Plasma Display (LPD) monitors, which are currentlyused by a number of workers in Singapore. This study was conducted tocompare the prevalence of dermatologie symptoms among VDU operators usingboth these types of monitors.A questionnaire survey was conducted to determine the prevalence ofdermatologie complaints among $72 full time VDU operators. 269 of the•operators worked with LPD screens, while 403 operators used CRT monitors.The overall one year period prevalence rate for dermatologie complaintswas 12%. 36 (13.4%) of the LPD operators had dermatologie complaints ascompared to 45 (11.2%) of the CRT operators. The age di&tribution andethnicity of the complainants were similar in the two groups.Among those with complaints of the akin problems in the last year,27 (60%) of the LPD workers and 25 (71%) of the CRT workers complained ofsymptoms of itchiness, tingling, or the feeling of being stroked by afeather after working with the VDU for some time. 19 (54%) of the LPD and14 (33%) of the CRT workers stated that their skin problems improvedduring weekends or when they were off duty.An association was noted among those with skin complaints and apersonal history of atopy. However, no statistically significantassociation was seen among those who had skin complaints with either theirrelationship with colleagues and management, satisfaction with job, ortheir likelihood of having musculoskeletal complaints.The results indicate that the prevalence and nature of dermatologiesymptoms is similar for workers who use either type of VDU.TEV 1989 — DEUXIÈME CONFÉRENCE SCIENTIFIQUE INTERNATIONALE • MONTRÉAL • SECOND INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE — WWDU 1989136TEV 1989 — DEUXIÈME CONFÉRENCE SCIENTIFIQUE IN TERNATIONALE • MONTRÉAL • SECOND INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE — WWDU 1989138
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DEUXIÈME CONFÉRENCESCIENTIFIQUE I
Page 9 and 10:
Résumés /AbstractsTEV 1989 — DE
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VDU USE IN SCHOOLSBengt Knave, Depa
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A TWO-YEAR FOLLOW-UP STUDY OF VISUA
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ETUDE ERGONOMIQUE DU POSTE DE COMMA
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OPTIMAL CONTRAST RATIOS FOR VDTsHar
Page 19 and 20: VISUAL COMPLAINTS, EYE IMPAIRMENT A
Page 21 and 22: STRESS AND STRAIN ON CAD-WORK - RES
Page 23 and 24: NOUVELLES TECHNOLOGIES, QUALIFICATI
Page 25 and 26: NEW TECHNOLOGY AND WORKERS' HEALTH:
Page 27 and 28: 6TRAIN ANALYSIS AT WORD PROCESSING
Page 29 and 30: LEARNING BY DISCOVERY : PROCEDURAL
Page 31 and 32: Action facilitation approach to hum
Page 33 and 34: MUSCULOSKELETAL PROBLEMS IN RELATIO
Page 35 and 36: ARE THERE VISUAL INTERACTIONS BETWE
Page 37 and 38: 53AN EVALUATION OF VDT OPERATIONS T
Page 39 and 40: 1-2 - 59FROM TEXT COHERENCE TO INTE
Page 41 and 42: PS 2THE EFFECT OF GRAPHIC COMPLEXIT
Page 43 and 44: PS 2 66EYE-CATCHER: A LOW-COST EYE-
Page 45 and 46: Il 70VDT WORK RELATED FACTORS AND P
Page 47 and 48: THE USE OF VISUAL DISPLAY UNITSIN D
Page 49 and 50: BtUlllBlPanel on the consequences o
Page 51 and 52: MEASURING METHOD OF SPECULAR REFLEC
Page 53 and 54: :3 89VDT LEGISLATION AND REGULATION
Page 55 and 56: C0PIN6 WITH COMPUTER STRESSSten-Olo
Page 57 and 58: REPERES POUR UNE DEMARCHE ET UNE ME
Page 59 and 60: H.î 98H3 99COMPLAINTS OF DISCOMFOR
Page 61 and 62: AN OUTBREAK OF FACIAL SKIN RASH IN
Page 63 and 64: THE EFFECTS OF THE ORGANIZATION OF
Page 65 and 66: PSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECTS OF USING CAD-S
Page 67 and 68: ACCOMMODATION CONTROL AND COLORED I
Page 69: HEALTH ASPECTS 01" WORK WITH VDU-S.
Page 73 and 74: COMPETENCE MODELLING IN CONSULTATIO
Page 75 and 76: ROOM LIGHTING FOR VDU OF PARTIALLY
Page 77 and 78: A ERGONOMICALLY DESIGNED VDT WORKST
Page 79 and 80: l'SlINFORMATISATION ET ECLAIRAGE DA
Page 81 and 82: K1 139REVIEW OF CURRENT KNOWLEDGE:
Page 83 and 84: EXPERIENCES FROM TWO YEARS' OF AUTH
Page 85 and 86: A NEW SWEDISH STANDARD FOR MEASURIN
Page 87 and 88: CENTRAL PROGRAMME FOR BETTER VDU CO
Page 89 and 90: WÊÊÈMmMTFA AS A METRIC FOR COMMU
Page 91 and 92: U 161MEASUREMENTS OF ELF AND RF ELE
Page 93 and 94: jaTINTED GLASSES VERSUS EXERCISE FO
Page 95 and 96: THE USEFULNESS OF AN OPHTALMIC LENS
Page 97 and 98: COMPUTERIZATION AND SICKNESS ABSENC
Page 99 and 100: HUMAN INTERFACE REQUIREMENTS FOR IN
Page 101 and 102: SWEDISH STRATEGIES ON EUROPEAN ERGO
Page 103 and 104: PRÉSENTATION AlUHO-VISI iEI.l i;AU
Page 105 and 106: AuteurAuthorDate et heureHour and d
Page 115: EFFECTS OF PULSED MAGNETIC FIELDS O
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