766 Dtarrhcea of Infants at the Breast [November,the children took the meat for several weeks without repugnance;a very great amelioration was felt in the general system *all at once they refused it, as if guided by a natural instinct.The want of osmazome induced the infants to devour the meat,but assoon as the equilibrium was established in the economy,this want disappeared."Dr. Eichelberg makes use of raw meat only in the treatmentof diarrhoea which attacks children fifteen days or three weeksafter they have begun to take the breast ; the cure is then certain;for myself, in ordering this regimen, I also have employedit in this affection onty ;<strong>and</strong> now after twenty years of experience,1 maintain that raw beef, reduced to a pap by scraping,is, to the exclusion of all other medication, the veritable specificfor this diarrhoea which causes so much ravage. I am not ableto admit the assertion of Mr. Charles Hogg, in recommendingbeef-tea, so well known in Engl<strong>and</strong>: " Beef-tea is an excellentaliment, very nutritious, <strong>and</strong> easy to digest; it replaces completelythe juice of the meat obtained by scraping, which is solauded by Dr. Weisse, of St. Petersburg." I have found rawmeat not an aliment for infants, but a remedy for diarrhoea;further I have never spoken of the juice of meat, but have recommendedthe muscular substance itself, hashed or grated insuch a manner as to be easily swallowed <strong>and</strong> digested. Theend proposed is to cause the muscular substance itself to passinto the digestive tube, <strong>and</strong> beef-tea has no more effect upon thediarrhoea of children at the breast, than the excellent decoctionof meat, praised by Liebig. These two liquid aliments, fromthe simple fact of their fluidity, traverse too rapidly the intestinalcanal. By giving the meat in pap, the solid parts sojournlonger in the intestine, acting by contact, <strong>and</strong> being able, byexciting the intestinal mucous membrane, to stimulate absorption; it is also probable that this means contributes to neutralizethe acidity of the gastric juice. I cannot partake of the hopeexpressed by Dr. Beer, of seeing cod-liver oil replaced in theMateria Medica by hashed raw meat. Each of these excellentremedies has its sphere of action marked out in the treatment ofthe diseases of infants; raw meat combats the diarrhoea of thenewborn ;cod-liver oil triumphs over rachitic affections with orwithout atrophy.The treatment of infants by raw meat has come into generaluse at St. Petersburg, <strong>and</strong> this use has been propagated ratherhave failed,by proofs of its good effects, than by special writings. Themost part of our confreres, employing it with the ordinary meanshave also verified the good results obtained by myself.So far as it concerns myself, I have employed this treatmentin nearly two hundred cases, <strong>and</strong> the result has been alwayssatisfactory when the disease was taken in time. I say
1859.] Action of Mercury on the Secretion of Bile. 767when the disease was taken in time; for, if the malady is toofar advanced, <strong>and</strong> has assumed the characteristics of gastromalacia,(softening of the stomach,) a cure is rarely obtained.Sometimes, even in these circumstances, we may succeed incalming some symptoms so fatiguing to the little patient, such,as the inextinguishable thirst, <strong>and</strong> tbe vomiting.In a large number of patients cured by raw meat, verminousaffections have been observed, <strong>and</strong> particularly taenia, otherwisevery rare at St. Petersburg. Dr. Braun stated this as his opinion,<strong>and</strong> two years after, a high authority, Prof Yon Siebold, ofMunich, expressed the same idea, in the last paper of his interestingwork, " Weber die B<strong>and</strong> und Blasenivurmer" Leipsic, 1854:" We should no longer be surprised at the fact, <strong>and</strong> must creditthose physicians who have declared that they have found inmany patients submitted to a diet of raw meat, the taenia. AndHerr Yon Siebold has remarked that in every case the taeniasolium was found, <strong>and</strong> he believes that in all probability, thisworm, which is not indigenous to St. Petersburg, has beenbrought there by the cattle driven from Tocherkask <strong>and</strong> Podolia.Some weeks before my departure from St. Petersburg, inthe month of June of the present year, a taenia, more than tenfeet in length, was sent to me by a confrere, to whom I hadwarmly recommended meat in the case of an infant aged 18months. The taenia was expelled after the administration ofthe etherial oil of male fern. This remedy was employed becausethe child, having been cured of its diarrhoea by the rawmeat, had several times passed parts of taenia.I ought not to forget to say that in the hospital for children,which is in my charge, I have often tried, but unsuccessfully,the raw meat in the diarrhoea of children more aged, who weresick from no cause connected with dentition. More frequently—this diarrhoea was caused by ulcerations of the intestinal canal.—[Excerpta tran stated from U Union Medicate, by S. E. C.\N.Orleans Med. <strong>and</strong> Surg. <strong>Journal</strong>.Action of Mercury on the Secretion of Bile.Among the effects of medicine which are usually considered tobe well established, the action of mercurial preparations in increasingthe flow of bile has been admitted without question.Physicians speak about stimulating a sluggish liver by blue pill,or calomel, as if it were not only the easiest thing in the world,but as if we had ocular demonstration of the process ; <strong>and</strong> thefrequency with which the liver is thus stimulated to an increasedsecretion of bile, is in proportion to the ease with which it issupposed this may be effected. No matter what the disease, it
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