Hema Kasinathan Thesis May 1 2012.pdf - Atrium - University of ...

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Table 3.6 Physical properties of the growth media examined in Experiment 3.Growth mediaMicro-porevolume(cc/kg)Macro-porevolume(cc/kg)Fieldcapacity(%)Maximumwater holdingcapacity (%)Bulkdensity(g/cm³)Mineral soil 4.00 125 8 22 1.12Muck soil 6.22 217 85 156 0.37Soil-less mix 7.00 284 178 417 0.11There was no repetition or repetition x treatment interaction, so the data for thetwo repetitions were combined for analysis and presentation. There was a growthmedium x biofungicide interaction for both incidence and severity (ANOVA tables forExperiment 3 in Appendix 3). Clubroot incidence and severity were highest in thepositive control of mineral soil (96% CI, 79% DSI), moderate in muck soil (75% CI, 37%DSI) and mineral mix (60% CI, 44% DSI), and lowest in loose soil-less mix and muckmix (15% CI, 9% DSI) (Fig. 3.4 and Supplementary tables, Experiment 3 in Appendix 4).Both Serenade and Prestop reduced clubroot incidence and severity in mineral soil, mucksoil and mineral mix (mineral + soil-less) compared to the positive control, but had noeffect in the muck mix (muck + soil-less) and soil-less mix (loose). In the compact soillessmix , only Prestop reduced clubroot incidence (30% CI).Correlation analysis showed that there was no relationship observed between theclubroot level and soil pore size (data not shown). There was a strong negativecorrelation between the micro-pore volume of the growth medium and clubroot severityin the positive control (r = -0.99; P = 0.0001). The micro-pore volumes, field capacity,and maximum water holding capacity (MWHC) were negatively correlated with clubrootseverity in the positive control (Table 3.7). Field capacity and MWHC were positively94
correlated with micro-pore volume. There was a strong positive correlation between thebulk density of the growth medium and clubroot severity in the positive control (r = 0.99;P = 0.0001; n = 4). Also, bulk density was negatively correlated with the micro-porevolume of the growth medium (r = -1; P = 0.0001; n = 4) (Table 3.7).Table 3.7 Correlation matrix of the relationship (r above, P below) between the clubrootseverity on canola and physical properties (pore volumes, field capacity, MWHC, bulkdensity) of the soil types examined in Experiment 3.MacroFieldporeMWHC 1 BD 2 DSI 3 DSI 4capacitymean positivevolumeMicro pore 0.77 0.95 0.90 -1.00 -0.99 -1.00volume 0.07 0.0001 0.01
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Influence of pH, Temperature, and B
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and Lee). The mean clubroot inciden
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TABLE OF CONTENTSACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .
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6 APPENDIX: 2 SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES
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LIST OF ACRONYMSANOVABDCIAnalysis o
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pathogen in the Holland Marsh area
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1.2.1 PathotypesHonig (1931) was th
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were distinguished using only three
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1.3 HostsIn general, hosts of P. br
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erucic acid and 30 µmoles glucosin
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Table 1.2. Economically important B
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July and August. The temperature du
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(Colhoun 1953). Studies on differen
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Soil compaction, which has been ass
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calcium source resulted in a small
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effective against P. brassicae has
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are filamentous rod-shaped gram-pos
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another study, the biofungicides Se
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Oomycetes and plasmodiophorids at v
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has been no systematic study of the
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2 CHAPTER 2INFLUENCE OF pH AND TEMP
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The optimum temperatures for clubro
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When the cotyledons were fully expa
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the plants were watered with deioni
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dehisced sporangia looked like empt
Page 53 and 54: epetition. There was no repetition
Page 55 and 56: RHI = -169.14 + 27.54 (temp°) - 0.
Page 57 and 58: on canola seedlings at 12 days afte
Page 59 and 60: The individual regression analysis
Page 61 and 62: Multiple regression equations were
Page 63 and 64: hair infection was strongly and pos
Page 65 and 66: (Macfarlane and Last 1959, Myers an
Page 67 and 68: temperature (Adhikari, 2010, Gossen
Page 69 and 70: 3.2 IntroductionClubroot of crucife
Page 71 and 72: organic soil, whereas only 25% wate
Page 73 and 74: (1.34% Bacillus subtilis QST 713),
Page 75 and 76: 2. To assess the interaction of pat
Page 77 and 78: and the spray width was approximate
Page 79 and 80: 3.3.2 Field trials - Napa cabbageTw
Page 81 and 82: Four types of growth media were ass
Page 83 and 84: treatments (described in detail in
Page 85 and 86: Field capacity (%) =(Initial weight
Page 87 and 88: 3.4 Data analysisThe data were anal
Page 89 and 90: Analysis of variance was conducted
Page 91 and 92: etween clubroot severity and cumula
Page 93 and 94: growth medium) for severity, but no
Page 95 and 96: B) Saturated canola - Clubroot inci
Page 97 and 98: 10080A) Drained trialab ab bcaabPos
Page 99 and 100: 3.6.2 Experiment 2 - Shanghai pak c
Page 101 and 102: Table 3.5 Analysis of variance for
Page 103: A three-way interaction (biofungici
Page 107 and 108: negative correlation between clubro
Page 109 and 110: that a greater number of assessment
Page 111 and 112: supports the observations of previo
Page 113 and 114: In Experiment 3, both Prestop and S
Page 115 and 116: depending on factors such as soil m
Page 117 and 118: growth room trials, up to 6 x 10 9
Page 119 and 120: Biofungicides have been included as
Page 121 and 122: esults indicate that application of
Page 123 and 124: growth in rhizopshere zone (Mikkels
Page 125 and 126: iofungicides varies with the growth
Page 127 and 128: Bremer, H., B. Wehnelt, and E. Bran
Page 129 and 130: Dobson, R., R. L. Gabrielson, and A
Page 131 and 132: Hwang, S. F., S. E. Strelkov, B. D.
Page 133 and 134: Mitani, S., K. Sugimoto, H. Hayashi
Page 135 and 136: PMRA 2008. Registration Decision fo
Page 137 and 138: Tommerup, I. C., and D. S. Ingram.
Page 139 and 140: 5 APPENDIX 1: ANOVA TABLES FOR CHAP
Page 141 and 142: Clubroot severity: Multiple regress
Page 143 and 144: 7 APPENDIX 3: ANOVA TABLES FOR CHAP
Page 145 and 146: 2011 - Root weight of 10 plantsSour
Page 147 and 148: Runs 1 and 2 combined DSIRandom eff
Page 149 and 150: Table. A3.9 Interaction of biofungi
Page 151 and 152: 9 APPENDIX: 5 RAW DATA FOR CHAPTER
Page 153 and 154: CI- Clubroot incidence (%); - Not d
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25 7.0 3 43.66 4.33 15.89 20.33 56.
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10 APPENDIX 6 RAW DATA FOR CHAPTER
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Raw data for growth room trials Exp
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Soilless P6 Prestop 1 6.67 10.00 24
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Sand P3 Prestop 1 86.11 100.00 80.0
Page 165 and 166:
Mineral T5 - 1 80.00 50.00 70.00 43
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