Hema Kasinathan Thesis May 1 2012.pdf - Atrium - University of ...

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2.3.2 Plant culture ..................................................................................................... 362.3.3 Inoculum preparation ....................................................................................... 372.3.4 Temperature and pH......................................................................................... 382.3.5 Root hair infection (RHI) study ....................................................................... 392.3.6 Symptom development study ........................................................................... 412.4 Data analysis ........................................................................................................... 422.5 Results ..................................................................................................................... 442.5.1 Root hair infection study .................................................................................. 442.5.2 Symptom development study ........................................................................... 472.6 Discussion ............................................................................................................... 533 CHAPTER 3 EFFECT OF GROWTH MEDIUM ON THE EFFICACY OF BIO-FUNGICIDES FOR THE CONTROL OF CLUBROOT ................................................. 583.1 Abstract ................................................................................................................... 583.2 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 593.3 Materials and methods ............................................................................................ 653.3.1 Field trials - Canola .......................................................................................... 653.3.2 Field trials – Napa cabbage .............................................................................. 693.3.3 Growth room studies ........................................................................................ 703.4 Data analysis ........................................................................................................... 773.5 Results ..................................................................................................................... 793.5.1 Field trials - Canola .......................................................................................... 793.5.2 Field trials - Napa cabbage............................................................................... 813.6 Growth room studies ............................................................................................... 823.6.1 Experiment 1 – Canola ..................................................................................... 823.6.2 Experiment 2 – Shanghai pak choy ................................................................. 893.6.3 Experiment 3 – Pore size ................................................................................. 933.7 Discussion ............................................................................................................... 974 CHAPTER 4 GENERAL DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS ............................ 1064.1 Study limitations ................................................................................................... 1134.2 Future research ...................................................................................................... 1135 APPENDIX 1: ANOVA TABLES FOR CHAPTER TWO ........................................ 129vi
6 APPENDIX: 2 SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES FOR CHAPTER TWO .................... 1327 APPENDIX 3: ANOVA TABLES FOR CHAPTER THREE .................................... 1338 APPENDIX: 4 SUPPLEMENATRY TABLES FOR CHAPTER THREE ................ 1389 APPENDIX: 5 RAW DATA FOR CHAPTER TWO ................................................. 14110 APPENDIX 6 RAW DATA FOR CHAPTER THREE ............................................ 147vii
Page 1 and 2: Influence of pH, Temperature, and B
Page 3 and 4: and Lee). The mean clubroot inciden
Page 5: TABLE OF CONTENTSACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .
Page 10 and 11: LIST OF ACRONYMSANOVABDCIAnalysis o
Page 12 and 13: pathogen in the Holland Marsh area
Page 14 and 15: 1.2.1 PathotypesHonig (1931) was th
Page 16: were distinguished using only three
Page 19 and 20: 1.3 HostsIn general, hosts of P. br
Page 21 and 22: erucic acid and 30 µmoles glucosin
Page 23 and 24: Table 1.2. Economically important B
Page 25 and 26: July and August. The temperature du
Page 27 and 28: (Colhoun 1953). Studies on differen
Page 29 and 30: Soil compaction, which has been ass
Page 31 and 32: calcium source resulted in a small
Page 33 and 34: effective against P. brassicae has
Page 35 and 36: are filamentous rod-shaped gram-pos
Page 37 and 38: another study, the biofungicides Se
Page 39 and 40: Oomycetes and plasmodiophorids at v
Page 41 and 42: has been no systematic study of the
Page 43 and 44: 2 CHAPTER 2INFLUENCE OF pH AND TEMP
Page 45 and 46: The optimum temperatures for clubro
Page 47 and 48: When the cotyledons were fully expa
Page 49 and 50: the plants were watered with deioni
Page 51 and 52: dehisced sporangia looked like empt
Page 53 and 54: epetition. There was no repetition
Page 55 and 56: RHI = -169.14 + 27.54 (temp°) - 0.
Page 57 and 58:
on canola seedlings at 12 days afte
Page 59 and 60:
The individual regression analysis
Page 61 and 62:
Multiple regression equations were
Page 63 and 64:
hair infection was strongly and pos
Page 65 and 66:
(Macfarlane and Last 1959, Myers an
Page 67 and 68:
temperature (Adhikari, 2010, Gossen
Page 69 and 70:
3.2 IntroductionClubroot of crucife
Page 71 and 72:
organic soil, whereas only 25% wate
Page 73 and 74:
(1.34% Bacillus subtilis QST 713),
Page 75 and 76:
2. To assess the interaction of pat
Page 77 and 78:
and the spray width was approximate
Page 79 and 80:
3.3.2 Field trials - Napa cabbageTw
Page 81 and 82:
Four types of growth media were ass
Page 83 and 84:
treatments (described in detail in
Page 85 and 86:
Field capacity (%) =(Initial weight
Page 87 and 88:
3.4 Data analysisThe data were anal
Page 89 and 90:
Analysis of variance was conducted
Page 91 and 92:
etween clubroot severity and cumula
Page 93 and 94:
growth medium) for severity, but no
Page 95 and 96:
B) Saturated canola - Clubroot inci
Page 97 and 98:
10080A) Drained trialab ab bcaabPos
Page 99 and 100:
3.6.2 Experiment 2 - Shanghai pak c
Page 101 and 102:
Table 3.5 Analysis of variance for
Page 103 and 104:
A three-way interaction (biofungici
Page 105 and 106:
correlated with micro-pore volume.
Page 107 and 108:
negative correlation between clubro
Page 109 and 110:
that a greater number of assessment
Page 111 and 112:
supports the observations of previo
Page 113 and 114:
In Experiment 3, both Prestop and S
Page 115 and 116:
depending on factors such as soil m
Page 117 and 118:
growth room trials, up to 6 x 10 9
Page 119 and 120:
Biofungicides have been included as
Page 121 and 122:
esults indicate that application of
Page 123 and 124:
growth in rhizopshere zone (Mikkels
Page 125 and 126:
iofungicides varies with the growth
Page 127 and 128:
Bremer, H., B. Wehnelt, and E. Bran
Page 129 and 130:
Dobson, R., R. L. Gabrielson, and A
Page 131 and 132:
Hwang, S. F., S. E. Strelkov, B. D.
Page 133 and 134:
Mitani, S., K. Sugimoto, H. Hayashi
Page 135 and 136:
PMRA 2008. Registration Decision fo
Page 137 and 138:
Tommerup, I. C., and D. S. Ingram.
Page 139 and 140:
5 APPENDIX 1: ANOVA TABLES FOR CHAP
Page 141 and 142:
Clubroot severity: Multiple regress
Page 143 and 144:
7 APPENDIX 3: ANOVA TABLES FOR CHAP
Page 145 and 146:
2011 - Root weight of 10 plantsSour
Page 147 and 148:
Runs 1 and 2 combined DSIRandom eff
Page 149 and 150:
Table. A3.9 Interaction of biofungi
Page 151 and 152:
9 APPENDIX: 5 RAW DATA FOR CHAPTER
Page 153 and 154:
CI- Clubroot incidence (%); - Not d
Page 155 and 156:
25 7.0 3 43.66 4.33 15.89 20.33 56.
Page 157 and 158:
10 APPENDIX 6 RAW DATA FOR CHAPTER
Page 159 and 160:
Raw data for growth room trials Exp
Page 161 and 162:
Soilless P6 Prestop 1 6.67 10.00 24
Page 163 and 164:
Sand P3 Prestop 1 86.11 100.00 80.0
Page 165 and 166:
Mineral T5 - 1 80.00 50.00 70.00 43
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