Hema Kasinathan Thesis May 1 2012.pdf - Atrium - University of ...

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Figure 3.2 Interaction of biofungicide x growth medium on clubroot severity (Diseaseseverity index DSI %) in the drained trial (A) and the saturated trial (B) of canola grownunder controlled environmental conditions. Bars capped with the same letter do not differat P = 0.05 based on Tukey’s Multiple Mean Comparison Test.88
3.6.2 Experiment 2 – Shanghai pak choyBoth repetitions of this trial were conducted using the saturated techniqueemployed in the second repetition of Experiment 1. There was no repetition or repetitionx treatment interaction, so the data for the two repetitions were combined for analysis andpresentation. Clubroot incidence and severity were high in each of the treatments. Therewas a main effect of pathotype, with P3 consistently producing more severe clubroot thanP6 (74% DSI vs. 51% DSI), as observed on canola in Experiment 1. There were two-wayinteractions (soil x pathotype, soil x biofungicide, and biofungicide x pathotype) and athree-way interaction (growth medium x pathotype x biofungicide) for both incidenceand severity (Table 3.5). However, the three-way interaction made up only a smallproportion of the total variance and there was no clear pattern of response betweenpathotype and the other two factors across the experiments, as observed on canola inExperiment 1 (Table 3.4). Therefore, subsequent analysis focused on the interaction ofgrowth medium and biofungicide.There was a growth medium x biofungicide interaction for clubroot incidence andseverity, in addition to main effects for each variable (Table 3.5). Clubroot incidence was100% in the positive control, except in soil-less mix, where incidence was 81%. Severityamong treatments ranged from 42–85% DSI (Fig. 3.3). In the positive control, clubrootwas severe in the muck, sand and mineral soil treatments, with a maximum of 85% DSIin the sand. Clubroot level was moderate to high (81% CI and 42% DSI) in the soil-lessmix (Fig. 3.3 and Appendix 4, Table A3.9).89
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Influence of pH, Temperature, and B
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and Lee). The mean clubroot inciden
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TABLE OF CONTENTSACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .
Page 7:
6 APPENDIX: 2 SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES
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LIST OF ACRONYMSANOVABDCIAnalysis o
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pathogen in the Holland Marsh area
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1.2.1 PathotypesHonig (1931) was th
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were distinguished using only three
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1.3 HostsIn general, hosts of P. br
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erucic acid and 30 µmoles glucosin
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Table 1.2. Economically important B
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July and August. The temperature du
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(Colhoun 1953). Studies on differen
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Soil compaction, which has been ass
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calcium source resulted in a small
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effective against P. brassicae has
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are filamentous rod-shaped gram-pos
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another study, the biofungicides Se
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Oomycetes and plasmodiophorids at v
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has been no systematic study of the
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2 CHAPTER 2INFLUENCE OF pH AND TEMP
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The optimum temperatures for clubro
Page 47 and 48: When the cotyledons were fully expa
Page 49 and 50: the plants were watered with deioni
Page 51 and 52: dehisced sporangia looked like empt
Page 53 and 54: epetition. There was no repetition
Page 55 and 56: RHI = -169.14 + 27.54 (temp°) - 0.
Page 57 and 58: on canola seedlings at 12 days afte
Page 59 and 60: The individual regression analysis
Page 61 and 62: Multiple regression equations were
Page 63 and 64: hair infection was strongly and pos
Page 65 and 66: (Macfarlane and Last 1959, Myers an
Page 67 and 68: temperature (Adhikari, 2010, Gossen
Page 69 and 70: 3.2 IntroductionClubroot of crucife
Page 71 and 72: organic soil, whereas only 25% wate
Page 73 and 74: (1.34% Bacillus subtilis QST 713),
Page 75 and 76: 2. To assess the interaction of pat
Page 77 and 78: and the spray width was approximate
Page 79 and 80: 3.3.2 Field trials - Napa cabbageTw
Page 81 and 82: Four types of growth media were ass
Page 83 and 84: treatments (described in detail in
Page 85 and 86: Field capacity (%) =(Initial weight
Page 87 and 88: 3.4 Data analysisThe data were anal
Page 89 and 90: Analysis of variance was conducted
Page 91 and 92: etween clubroot severity and cumula
Page 93 and 94: growth medium) for severity, but no
Page 95 and 96: B) Saturated canola - Clubroot inci
Page 97: 10080A) Drained trialab ab bcaabPos
Page 101 and 102: Table 3.5 Analysis of variance for
Page 103 and 104: A three-way interaction (biofungici
Page 105 and 106: correlated with micro-pore volume.
Page 107 and 108: negative correlation between clubro
Page 109 and 110: that a greater number of assessment
Page 111 and 112: supports the observations of previo
Page 113 and 114: In Experiment 3, both Prestop and S
Page 115 and 116: depending on factors such as soil m
Page 117 and 118: growth room trials, up to 6 x 10 9
Page 119 and 120: Biofungicides have been included as
Page 121 and 122: esults indicate that application of
Page 123 and 124: growth in rhizopshere zone (Mikkels
Page 125 and 126: iofungicides varies with the growth
Page 127 and 128: Bremer, H., B. Wehnelt, and E. Bran
Page 129 and 130: Dobson, R., R. L. Gabrielson, and A
Page 131 and 132: Hwang, S. F., S. E. Strelkov, B. D.
Page 133 and 134: Mitani, S., K. Sugimoto, H. Hayashi
Page 135 and 136: PMRA 2008. Registration Decision fo
Page 137 and 138: Tommerup, I. C., and D. S. Ingram.
Page 139 and 140: 5 APPENDIX 1: ANOVA TABLES FOR CHAP
Page 141 and 142: Clubroot severity: Multiple regress
Page 143 and 144: 7 APPENDIX 3: ANOVA TABLES FOR CHAP
Page 145 and 146: 2011 - Root weight of 10 plantsSour
Page 147 and 148: Runs 1 and 2 combined DSIRandom eff
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Table. A3.9 Interaction of biofungi
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9 APPENDIX: 5 RAW DATA FOR CHAPTER
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CI- Clubroot incidence (%); - Not d
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25 7.0 3 43.66 4.33 15.89 20.33 56.
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10 APPENDIX 6 RAW DATA FOR CHAPTER
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Raw data for growth room trials Exp
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Soilless P6 Prestop 1 6.67 10.00 24
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Sand P3 Prestop 1 86.11 100.00 80.0
Page 165 and 166:
Mineral T5 - 1 80.00 50.00 70.00 43
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