BRITISH CHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ABSTRACTS

353 A., II I.— x x v , MICROBIOLOGICAL A N D IM MUNOLOGICAL C H EM ISTRY . A LLÉRG Y . 354died from suspected encephalomyelitis, was found to contain Eastern virus. C. L. Hoagland, S. M. W ard, J. E. Smadel, and T. M.tjpe virus. W estern type immune guinea-pigs and "controls died Rivers (J. E xp. M ed., 1941, 74, 69— 80, 133— 134).— IV. Cytochromeor cytochrome oxidase cannot be dem onstrated in purifiedwithin 3 days of inoculation with 0-1 ml. of 1 in 500 emulsified brain.Eastern type im m une anim als were unaffected. Geographical elem entary bodies of vaccinia by either spectroscopic or enzymiclimitation of the types has broken down. E. R. S. techniques. Catalysis of cysteine oxidation is due to the presencePostvaccinal and measles encephalomyelitis. A. H. G. Burton of Cu in a concn. of 0-05% of dry wt. of virus. The Cu cannot beand J. H. W eir (I.ancet, 1941, 241, 561— 562).—Two cases of separated from the virus by washing, ultra-filtration, dialysis, orencephalomyelitis, one postvaccinal, one following measles, recovered electrodialysis and there is a m arked increase of the Cu constituentafter treatm ent w ith sulphapyridine and intram uscular whole blood during the process of purification of the virus. No biological role{+ measles convalescent serum in the second case). C. A. K. can yet be ascribed to th e Cu com ponent of the virus.V. Suspensions of purified elem entary bodies of vaccinia exhibitPost-vaccinal meningo-encephalomyelitis. T. M. Dunn and fluorescence in ultra-violet light. The fluorescent constituent isR. H. Rigdon (Amer. J . d in . Path., 1041, 11. 771— 776).—R eport of separated from the virus, after denaturation, by chrom atographya case. (4 photom icrographs.) C. J. C. B. and identified by means of the sp. protein of ¿-am ino-acid oxidasePoliomyelitis : survey o! recent contributions. A. E. Siegel (A mer. as flavin-adenine-dinucleotide. Q uantitatively the flavin concn, isJ.med. Sci., 1941, 202, 887—901). C. J. C. B. 1-1— 1’5 mg. per 100 g. of virus. I t can only be separated from theelem entary bodies by procedures involving inactivation of the virus.Poliomyelitis induced by the Lansing strain of virus. H. H.Peers (Arch. Path., 1941, 32, 928—938).—The topography of lesionsA. C. F.in the hum an brain from which the Lansing strain was originallyFunction of tissue cells in media used for growing vaccinia virus.H. B. M aitland and A. W. Laing (J. Path. B ad., 1941, 53, 419—isolated and in th e brains of 23 rhesus monkeys used to isolate and430).—Living in tact cells initiate growth but once growth is startedpropagate the virus from th a t brain is identical. C. J. C. B.are not necessary to continue growth. The cells can be damagedSerum utilisation test in poliomyelitis. Absorption and elution ol after growth is initiated by treatm ent w ith KCN, soaking inantibody with alumina gel and a virus-alumina gel complex. J. A. w ater, and incubation a t 37° in Tyrode’s solution. Each of theseHarrison and N . P. Hudson (J. B ad., 1940, 39, 405— 427).—The rocedures m arkedly reduces the respiratory activ ity of the cellsvirus-neutralising fraction of convalescent hum an serum was ut growth of the virus continued. C. J. C. B.adsorbed on AljOs gel at pa 6-5 and liberated a t pa 7-4. Thevirucidal substance was less easily adsorbed by the virus-AlsO, Optimal spacing of vaccine inoculations. II. Schuetze (J. Path.gel complex. T he behaviour of the virus-neutralising fraction of B ad., 1941, 53, 443— 146).— By increasing the spacing between 2serum of ndrmal hum an adults was indistinguishable from th a t of doses of S, typhi m urium vaccine from 1 to 4 weeks in mice noconvalescent m onkeys or hum an beings. A. G. P.decrease in active im m unisation occurred. C. J. C. B.Role oí neurones in dissemination of poliomyelitis virus in nervous Varicella and herpes zoster. R . M. Campbell (Brit. J . Child.system.—See A., 1942, III, 217.Dis., 1941, 38, 91— 97).—The 3 cases described showed the cutaneouslesions of both herpes zoster and varicella. C. J. C. 15.Sensitivity of white mice to rabies virus isolated at Coquilhatville.J- Jadin (Arch. int. M id . exp., 1939, 14, 175— 183).—The virus Electrophoresis of rabbit papilloma virus protein. D. G. Sharp,isolated in this district of the Congo is more pathogenic when A. R. Taylor, D. Beard, and J. W. Beard (J. Biol. Chetn., 1942,inoculated in mice th an in rabbits, guinea-pigs, or rats.142, 193— 202; cf. A., 1941, III, 80S).—During electrophoresis ofP. C. W. rabbit papilloma virus protein in the Tiselius apparatus, the proteinProbability ol error in diagnosis of rabies by microscopic search concn. gradient curves show th a t there is a rapid cathodic movement a t pa less than 4-1, and slower anodic m ovem ent above 6-54.lor Negri bodies. S. R. Dam on and T. F. Sellers (J. Lab. clin.1941, 8 7 , 71— 74).—In Alabama over a 3-year period 12% Moving boundary determ inations cannot be m ade around the isoelectricpoint owing to insolubility of the protein, but this point isof the specimens reported as microscopically negative were actuallypositive, as shown by mouse inoculation. C. J. C. B. a t approx. pa 5 0. A new m ethod of analysis, whi2h is based onchange in standard deviation of the Svensson curve and yields vals.Exanthematic and endemic typhus. G. M. Findlay (Lancet, 1941,denoted by H, is proposed to characterise tim e-rate of boundary241, 059— 660).—2 cases (one th e author) of endemic typhus werecontracted in th e laboratory. In one th e infection was apparentlyspread in unit electric field. The H vals. have the dimensions ofmobility. The papillom a protein m igrates with a single boundarymodified by previous im m unisation with killed exanthem atic typhusrickettsia, confirming guinea-pig observations which suggest th ata t all pa vals. within the range of solubility and stability. A tapprox. pa 4-0, the m aterial is very homogeneous, and it is onlythere is a quant, rath er than qual. relation between exanthem aticslightly less so on the alkaline side of th e isoelectric point.and endemic rickettsia;. C. A. K.J. N. A.Complement fixation in rickettsial diseases. I. A. Bengtson and Derivatives of tobacco mosaic virus. I. Acetyl- and phenyl-- H. Topping (Amer. J . Publ. Health, 1942, 32, 48—58).— In ureido-virus. G. L. Miller and W. M. Stanley (J. Biol. Chem.,endemic typhus, titres of 1 : 128 and 1 : 256 m ay be reached on the 1941, 141, 905—920).—Up to 70% of th e am ino-groups of the9th day of illness and a titre of 1 : 4000 by the 14th day. Complementfixation is a better criterion of p ast infection than is the significant inactivation. This corresponds’ w ith 2—40% of thevirus can be blocked by acetyl or phenylureido-groups w ithoutWeil-Felix reaction as it m ay rem ain positive for 5 or more years phenol + indole groups, th e form er prim arily being inactivated.after the illness. Rocky M ountain spotted fever sera tested against U ltracentrifuge and electrophoretic m easurem ents indicate a hom o­typhus antigen usually gave a negative test while still giving a geneity equiv. to th a t o f th e unchanged virus, no appreciablePositive W eil-Felix reaction. C. J. C. B. am ount of which could be detected. Inoculation of T urkish tobaccoEffect of virus .to host cell relationship on infection with vaccinia. plants w ith th e virus derivatives produces norm al virus on propagation.H. G. R.H. Sprunt (/. E xp. Med., 1941, 74, 81—90).—Studying theeffect of vaccinc.lym ph on rabbits, observations on the no. of lesions Non-precipitating protein antigens. F. C. Bawden and A. Kleczrelationto no] of cells exposed to the virus were made. W hen the kowski (Nature, 1941, 148, 593).—Tom ato bushy stu n t virus andsize of the inoculation was varied the smaller sizes proved more whole globulin from hum an serum were converted into non-pptg.eSective th an the larger. The spread of the virus was localised by complexes by heating them in the presence of ra b b it serum -album inJe cestrogenic horm one which decreased the chance of a lesion, in physiological saline a t pa 7 0. None of the sera produced byfixture of the vaccine w ith spreading factor prepared from the injecting rabbits with„jsolutions of these complexes p ptd. the“all’s testicle increased the probability of a lesion. It is concluded m aterials used for im m unisation, b u t th e serum produced againstfhat the greater is the no. of host cells per virus particle the greater the virus-album in complex, pptd. solutions of both unheated virusó the probability of a lesion. A. C. F. and virus heated in the absence of rabbit album in. W ith antisera. Behaviour of pox viruses in the respiratory tract. IV. Nasal prepared against either the virus or the virus-album in complexinstillation of fowl pox virus in chickens and in mice. J. B. Nelson solutions of the virus-album in complex fix com plem ent as stronglyJ- Exp. M ed; 1941, 74, 203—212).— Fowl pox virus from active as solutions of the virus alone. The globulin-album in complexskin lesions was established in the respiratory tract of normal fixes complement with antisera to the unheated globulin and w ithchickens by nasal instillation and m aintained for 12 successive those prepared against th e complex itself. This fixation of complement equally by an antiserum w ith antigens, w ith which pptn.Pasages. The nasal infection was not communicable by contactput afforded protection for a t least 6 weeks. Few changes occur does and does not occur, dem onstrates the independence of them the nasal mucous m em brane. A. C. F. two reactions,' and th a t complement is fixed by the union of antigenand antibody and not by the form ation of a ppt. E. R. S.Infectious unit of vaccinia. R. F. Parker, L. H . Bronson, and«• H. Green (J. E xp. M ed., 1941, 74, 263— 281).— Using a chick- Capillary cell for measuring the rate of sedimentation of virusembiyo-adapted strain of vaccine virus results indicate th a t the particles in a centrifugal field. A. Poison (Nature, 1941, 148, 593—Particles of virus are of essentially uniform virulence. As virulence 594).—T he cell described and illustrated elim inates th e disturbing*creases so th e no. of elem entary bodies per infectious u n it effects occurring in E lford’s inverted capillary m ethod (" H andbuchapproaches 1. A. C. F. der Virusforschung,” J. Springer, 1938). L. S. T.Constituents of elementary bodies of vaccinia. IV. Demonstrationof copper in purified virus. V. Flavin associated with vacciniaLymphogranuloma venereum. M. J. Costello and J. A. Cohen(Arch. Dermat. Syphilol., 1941, 44, 391— 397).—M ouse brain antigen