GAWK: Effective AWK Programming

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114 GAWK: Effective AWK ProgrammingENVIRONERRNO #name. When gawk is processing the input files, ‘FILENAME == ARGV[ARGIND]’is always true.This variable is useful in file processing; it allows you to tell how far along youare in the list of data files as well as to distinguish between successive instancesof the same file name on the command line.While you can change the value of ARGIND within your awk program, gawkautomatically sets it to a new value when the next file is opened.This variable is a gawk extension. In other awk implementations, or if gawk isin compatibility mode (see Section 11.2 [Command-Line Options], page 177),it is not special.An associative array that contains the values of the environment. The arrayindices are the environment variable names; the elements are the values of theparticular environment variables. For example, ENVIRON["HOME"] might be‘/home/arnold’. Changing this array does not affect the environment passedon to any programs that awk may spawn via redirection or the system function.Some operating systems may not have environment variables. On such systems,the ENVIRON array is empty (except for ENVIRON["AWKPATH"], see Section 11.4[The AWKPATH Environment Variable], page 183).If a system error occurs during a redirection for getline, during a read forgetline, or during a close operation, then ERRNO contains a string describingthe error.ERRNO works similarly to the C variable errno. In particular gawk never clearsit (sets it to zero or ""). Thus, you should only expect its value to be meaningfulwhen an I/O operation returns a failure value, such as getline returning −1.You are, of course, free to clear it yourself before doing an I/O operation.This variable is a gawk extension. In other awk implementations, or if gawk isin compatibility mode (see Section 11.2 [Command-Line Options], page 177),it is not special.FILENAME The name of the file that awk is currently reading. When no data files arelisted on the command line, awk reads from the standard input and FILENAMEis set to "-". FILENAME is changed each time a new file is read (see Chapter 3[Reading Input Files], page 36). Inside a BEGIN rule, the value of FILENAME is"", since there are no input files being processed yet. 3 Note, though, thatusing getline (see Section 3.8 [Explicit Input with getline], page 52) insidea BEGIN rule can give FILENAME a value.FNRNFThe current record number in the current file. FNR is incremented each time anew record is read (see Section 3.8 [Explicit Input with getline], page 52). Itis reinitialized to zero each time a new input file is started.The number of fields in the current input record. NF is set each time a newrecord is read, when a new field is created or when $0 changes (see Section 3.2[Examining Fields], page 39).3 Some early implementations of Unix awk initialized FILENAME to "-", even if there were data files to beprocessed. This behavior was incorrect and should not be relied upon in your programs.
Chapter 6: Patterns, Actions, and Variables 115NRUnlike most of the variables described in this section, assigning a value to NF hasthe potential to affect awk’s internal workings. In particular, assignments to NFcan be used to create or remove fields from the current record: See Section 3.4[Changing the Contents of a Field], page 41.The number of input records awk has processed since the beginning of theprogram’s execution (see Section 3.1 [How Input Is Split into Records], page 36).NR is incremented each time a new record is read.PROCINFO #The elements of this array provide access to information about the running awkprogram. The following elements (listed alphabetically) are guaranteed to beavailable:PROCINFO["egid"]The value of the getegid system call.PROCINFO["euid"]The value of the geteuid system call.PROCINFO["FS"]This is "FS" if field splitting with FS is in effect, or it is"FIELDWIDTHS" if field splitting with FIELDWIDTHS is in effect.PROCINFO["gid"]The value of the getgid system call.PROCINFO["pgrpid"]The process group ID of the current process.PROCINFO["pid"]The process ID of the current process.PROCINFO["ppid"]The parent process ID of the current process.PROCINFO["uid"]The value of the getuid system call.PROCINFO["version"]The version of gawk. This is available from version 3.1.4 and later.On some systems, there may be elements in the array, "group1" through"groupN" for some N. N is the number of supplementary groups that the processhas. Use the in operator to test for these elements (see Section 7.2 [Referringto an Array Element], page 120).This array is a gawk extension. In other awk implementations, or if gawk is incompatibility mode (see Section 11.2 [Command-Line Options], page 177), it isnot special.RLENGTH The length of the substring matched by the match function (see Section 8.1.3[String-Manipulation Functions], page 132). RLENGTH is set by invoking thematch function. Its value is the length of the matched string, or −1 if no matchis found.
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