GAWK: Effective AWK Programming

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316 GAWK: Effective AWK ProgrammingGNU General Public LicenseVersion 3, 29 June 2007Copyright c○ 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. http://fsf.org/Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of thislicense document, but changing it is not allowed.PreambleThe GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for software and other kinds ofworks.The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed to take away yourfreedom to share and change the works. By contrast, the GNU General Public License isintended to guarantee your freedom to share and change all versions of a program—to makesure it remains free software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation, use theGNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to any other workreleased this way by its authors. You can apply it to your programs, too.When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our GeneralPublic Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copiesof free software (and charge for them if you wish), that you receive source code or can getit if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs,and that you know you can do these things.To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you these rights or askingyou to surrender the rights. Therefore, you have certain responsibilities if you distributecopies of the software, or if you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, youmust pass on to the recipients the same freedoms that you received. You must make surethat they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms sothey know their rights.Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps: (1) assert copyrighton the software, and (2) offer you this License giving you legal permission to copy,distribute and/or modify it.For the developers’ and authors’ protection, the GPL clearly explains that there is nowarranty for this free software. For both users’ and authors’ sake, the GPL requires thatmodified versions be marked as changed, so that their problems will not be attributederroneously to authors of previous versions.Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run modified versions of thesoftware inside them, although the manufacturer can do so. This is fundamentally incompatiblewith the aim of protecting users’ freedom to change the software. The systematicpattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for individuals to use, which is preciselywhere it is most unacceptable. Therefore, we have designed this version of the GPLto prohibit the practice for those products. If such problems arise substantially in otherdomains, we stand ready to extend this provision to those domains in future versions of theGPL, as needed to protect the freedom of users.
GNU General Public License 317Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents. States should notallow patents to restrict development and use of software on general-purpose computers, butin those that do, we wish to avoid the special danger that patents applied to a free programcould make it effectively proprietary. To prevent this, the GPL assures that patents cannotbe used to render the program non-free.The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow.TERMS AND CONDITIONS0. Definitions.“This License” refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.“Copyright” also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of works, such assemiconductor masks.“The Program” refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this License. Eachlicensee is addressed as “you”. “Licensees” and “recipients” may be individuals ororganizations.To “modify” a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work in a fashionrequiring copyright permission, other than the making of an exact copy. The resultingwork is called a “modified version” of the earlier work or a work “based on” the earlierwork.A “covered work” means either the unmodified Program or a work based on the Program.To “propagate” a work means to do anything with it that, without permission, wouldmake you directly or secondarily liable for infringement under applicable copyright law,except executing it on a computer or modifying a private copy. Propagation includescopying, distribution (with or without modification), making available to the public,and in some countries other activities as well.To “convey” a work means any kind of propagation that enables other parties to makeor receive copies. Mere interaction with a user through a computer network, with notransfer of a copy, is not conveying.An interactive user interface displays “Appropriate Legal Notices” to the extent that itincludes a convenient and prominently visible feature that (1) displays an appropriatecopyright notice, and (2) tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (exceptto the extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the work underthis License, and how to view a copy of this License. If the interface presents a listof user commands or options, such as a menu, a prominent item in the list meets thiscriterion.1. Source Code.The “source code” for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modificationsto it. “Object code” means any non-source form of a work.A “Standard Interface” means an interface that either is an official standard definedby a recognized standards body, or, in the case of interfaces specified for a particularprogramming language, one that is widely used among developers working in thatlanguage.
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