GAWK: Effective AWK Programming

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270 GAWK: Effective AWK ProgrammingMany Unix systems do not support all of either the ISO or the POSIX standards. The‘missing_d’ subdirectory in the gawk distribution contains replacement versions of thosefunctions that are most likely to be missing.The ‘config.h’ file that configure creates contains definitions that describe featuresof the particular operating system where you are attempting to compile gawk. The threethings described by this file are: what header files are available, so that they can be correctlyincluded, what (supposedly) standard functions are actually available in your C libraries,and various miscellaneous facts about your variant of Unix. For example, there may not bean st_blksize element in the stat structure. In this case, ‘HAVE_ST_BLKSIZE’ is undefined.It is possible for your C compiler to lie to configure. It may do so by not exiting with anerror when a library function is not available. To get around this, edit the file ‘custom.h’.Use an ‘#ifdef’ that is appropriate for your system, and either #define any constants thatconfigure should have defined but didn’t, or #undef any constants that configure definedand should not have. ‘custom.h’ is automatically included by ‘config.h’.It is also possible that the configure program generated by autoconf will not work onyour system in some other fashion. If you do have a problem, the file ‘configure.in’ isthe input for autoconf. You may be able to change this file and generate a new versionof configure that works on your system (see Section B.5 [Reporting Problems and Bugs],page 280, for information on how to report problems in configuring gawk). The samemechanism may be used to send in updates to ‘configure.in’ and/or ‘custom.h’.B.3 Installation on Other Operating SystemsThis section describes how to install gawk on various non-Unix systems.B.3.1 Installation on PC Operating SystemsThis section covers installation and usage of gawk on x86 machines running DOS, anyversion of Windows, or OS/2. In this section, the term “Windows32” refers to any ofWindows-95/98/ME/NT/2000.The limitations of DOS (and DOS shells under Windows or OS/2) has meant that various“DOS extenders” are often used with programs such as gawk. The varying capabilities ofMicrosoft Windows 3.1 and Windows32 can add to the confusion. For an overview of theconsiderations, please refer to ‘README_d/README.pc’ in the distribution.B.3.1.1 Installing a Prepared Distribution for PC SystemsIf you have received a binary distribution prepared by the DOS maintainers, then gawk andthe necessary support files appear under the ‘gnu’ directory, with executables in ‘gnu/bin’,libraries in ‘gnu/lib/awk’, and manual pages under ‘gnu/man’. This is designed for easyinstallation to a ‘/gnu’ directory on your drive—however, the files can be installed anywhereprovided AWKPATH is set properly. Regardless of the installation directory, the first line of‘igawk.cmd’ and ‘igawk.bat’ (in ‘gnu/bin’) may need to be edited.The binary distribution contains a separate file describing the contents. In particular, itmay include more than one version of the gawk executable.OS/2 (32 bit, EMX) binary distributions are prepared for the ‘/usr’ directory of yourpreferred drive. Set UNIXROOT to your installation drive (e.g., ‘e:’) if you want to installgawk onto another drive than the hardcoded default ‘c:’. Executables appear in ‘/usr/bin’,
Appendix B: Installing gawk 271libraries under ‘/usr/share/awk’, manual pages under ‘/usr/man’, Texinfo documentationunder ‘/usr/info’ and NLS files under ‘/usr/share/locale’. If you already have a file‘/usr/info/dir’ from another package do not overwrite it! Instead enter the followingcommands at your prompt (replace ‘x:’ by your installation drive):install-info --info-dir=x:/usr/info x:/usr/info/gawk.infoinstall-info --info-dir=x:/usr/info x:/usr/info/gawkinet.infoHowever, the files can be installed anywhere provided AWKPATH is set properly.The binary distribution may contain a separate file containing additional or more detailedinstallation instructions.B.3.1.2 Compiling gawk for PC Operating Systemsgawk can be compiled for MS-DOS, Windows32, and OS/2 using the GNU developmenttools from DJ Delorie (DJGPP; MS-DOS only) or Eberhard Mattes (EMX; MS-DOS, Windows32and OS/2). Microsoft Visual C/C++ can be used to build a Windows32 version,and Microsoft C/C++ can be used to build 16-bit versions for MS-DOS and OS/2. (As ofgawk 3.1.2, the MSC version doesn’t work. However, the maintainer is working on fixingit.) The file ‘README_d/README.pc’ in the gawk distribution contains additional notes, and‘pc/Makefile’ contains important information on compilation options.To build gawk for MS-DOS, Windows32, and OS/2 (16 bit only; for 32 bit (EMX) youcan use the configure script and skip the following paragraphs; for details see below), copythe files in the ‘pc’ directory (except for ‘ChangeLog’) to the directory with the rest of thegawk sources. The ‘Makefile’ contains a configuration section with comments and mayneed to be edited in order to work with your make utility.The ‘Makefile’ contains a number of targets for building various MS-DOS, Windows32,and OS/2 versions. A list of targets is printed if the make command is given without atarget. As an example, to build gawk using the DJGPP tools, enter ‘make djgpp’. (TheDJGPP tools may be found at ftp://ftp.delorie.com/pub/djgpp/current/v2gnu/.)Using make to run the standard tests and to install gawk requires additional Unix-liketools, including sh, sed, and cp. In order to run the tests, the ‘test/*.ok’ files may need tobe converted so that they have the usual DOS-style end-of-line markers. Most of the testswork properly with Stewartson’s shell along with the companion utilities or appropriateGNU utilities. However, some editing of ‘test/Makefile’ is required. It is recommendedthat you copy the file ‘pc/Makefile.tst’ over the file ‘test/Makefile’ as a replacement.Details can be found in ‘README_d/README.pc’ and in the file ‘pc/Makefile.tst’.The 32 bit EMX version of gawk works “out of the box” under OS/2. In principle, it ispossible to compile gawk the following way:$ ./configure$ makeThis is not recommended, though. To get an OMF executable you should use thefollowing commands at your sh prompt:$ CPPFLAGS="-D__ST_MT_ERRNO__"$ export CPPFLAGS$ CFLAGS="-O2 -Zomf -Zmt"$ export CFLAGS
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