GAWK: Effective AWK Programming

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344 GAWK: Effective AWK Programminggawk, octal numbers and . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76gawk, OS/2 version of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273gawk, regexp constants and . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77gawk, regular expressions, case sensitivity . . . . . . 32gawk, regular expressions, operators . . . . . . . . . . . . 31gawk, regular expressions, precedence . . . . . . . . . . 29gawk, See Also awk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3gawk, source code, obtaining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265gawk, splitting fields and . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49gawk, string-translation functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152gawk, timestamps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146gawk, uses for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3gawk, versions of, information about, printing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181gawk, word-boundary operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31General Public License (GPL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310General Public License, See GPL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7gensub function (gawk) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77, 138gensub function (gawk), escape processing. . . . . 140get_actual_argument internal function . . . . . . . 289get_argument internal function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289get_array_argument internal macro . . . . . . . . . . 290get_curfunc_arg_count internal function. . . . . 288get_record input method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290get_scalar_argument internal macro . . . . . . . . . 290getgrent function (C library) . . . . . . . . . . . . 210, 213getgrent user-defined function. . . . . . . . . . . 210, 214getgrgid function (C library) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213getgrgid user-defined function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213getgrnam function (C library) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213getgrnam user-defined function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213getgruser function (C library) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213getgruser function, user-defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213getline command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36getline command, _gr_init user-defined function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211getline command, _pw_init function . . . . . . . . 208getline command, coprocesses, using from . . . . 56,71getline command, deadlock and . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171getline command, explicit input with . . . . . . . . . 52getline command, FILENAME variable and . . . . . 56getline command, return values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52getline command, variants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57getopt function (C library) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201getopt user-defined function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203getpwent function (C library) . . . . . . . . . . . . 206, 209getpwent user-defined function. . . . . . . . . . . 206, 209getpwnam function (C library) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209getpwnam user-defined function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209getpwuid function (C library) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209getpwuid user-defined function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209getservbyname function (C library) . . . . . . . . . . . 172gettext function (C library). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161gettext library. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160gettext library, locale categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161gettimeofday user-defined function . . . . . . . . . . . 195GNITS mailing list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9GNU awk, See gawk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3GNU Free Documentation License . . . . . . . . . . . . 327GNU General Public License . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310GNU Lesser General Public License. . . . . . . . . . . 311GNU long options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177GNU long options, printing list of. . . . . . . . . . . . . 179GNU Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 310GNU/Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 167, 278, 314GPL (General Public License). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 310GPL (General Public License), printing . . . . . . . 179grcat program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210Grigera, Juan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264group database, reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210group file. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210groups, information about . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210gsub function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77, 138gsub function, arguments of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138gsub function, escape processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140HHankerson, Darrel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 264Hartholz, Elaine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Hartholz, Marshall. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Hasegawa, Isamu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264hexadecimal numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75hexadecimal values, enabling interpretation of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180histsort.awk program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244Hughes, Phil. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9HUP signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176hyphen (-), - operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95hyphen (-), -- (decrement/increment) operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94hyphen (-), -- operator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86hyphen (-), -= operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85, 95hyphen (-), filenames beginning with . . . . . . . . . 178hyphen (-), in character lists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Iid utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224id.awk program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224if statement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24, 102if statement, actions, changing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98igawk.sh program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251IGNORECASE variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32, 111IGNORECASE variable, array sorting and. . . . . . . . 129IGNORECASE variable, array subscripts and. . . . . 120IGNORECASE variable, in example programs . . . . 186implementation issues, gawk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284implementation issues, gawk, limits. . . . . . . . . . . . . 56implementation issues, gawk, debugging . . . . . . . 284implementation issues, gawk, limits. . . . . . . . . . . . . 68in operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89, 95, 225in operator, arrays and . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121, 122increment operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86index function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Index 345indexing arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119initialization, automatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20input files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36input files, closing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71input files, counting elements in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233input files, examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16input files, reading. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36input files, running awk without . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12input files, skipping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188input files, variable assignments and . . . . . . . . . . 182input pipeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54input redirection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53input, data, nondecimal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169input, explicit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52input, files, See input files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49input, multiline records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49input, splitting into records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36input, standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12, 69input/output, binary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111input/output, from BEGIN and END . . . . . . . . . . . . 100input/output, two-way . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170insomnia, cure for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236installation, atari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277installation, beos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279installation, tandem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279installation, vms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275installing gawk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265int function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131INT signal (MS-DOS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176integers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301integers, unsigned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301interacting with other programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144internationalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152, 160internationalization, localization . . . . . . . . . 113, 160internationalization, localization, character classes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31internationalization, localization, gawk and . . . . 160internationalization, localization, locale categories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161internationalization, localization, marked strings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162internationalization, localization, portability and. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165internationalizing a program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160interpreted programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300, 311interval expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28inventory-shipped file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17IOBUF internal structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290iop_alloc internal function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290ISO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311ISO 8859-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307ISO Latin-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307JJacobs, Andrew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207Jaegermann, Michal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 264Java implementation of awk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283jawk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283Jedi knights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184join user-defined function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195KKahrs, Jürgen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 264Kasal, Stepan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Kenobi, Obi-Wan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184Kernighan, Brian . . . 4, 7, 9, 82, 259, 263, 281, 302kill command, dynamic profiling. . . . . . . . . . . . . 176Knights, jedi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184Kwok, Conrad. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264Llabels.awk program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241languages, data-driven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301LC_ALL locale category. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162LC_COLLATE locale category . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161LC_CTYPE locale category . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161LC_MESSAGES locale category . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161LC_MESSAGES locale category, bindtextdomainfunction (gawk) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163LC_MONETARY locale category . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161LC_NUMERIC locale category . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161LC_RESPONSE locale category . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162LC_TIME locale category . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162left angle bracket (
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