GAWK: Effective AWK Programming

348 GAWK: Effective AWK Programmingpgawk program, awkprof.out file. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173pgawk program, dynamic profiling. . . . . . . . . . . . . 176pipes, closing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71pipes, input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54pipes, output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Pitts, Dave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281Pitts, Davi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9plus sign (+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28plus sign (+), + operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95plus sign (+), ++ operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86, 94plus sign (+), += operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84, 95plus sign (+), decrement/increment operators. . . 86portability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26portability, #! (executable scripts) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13portability, ** operator and. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82portability, **= operator and. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85portability, ARGV variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14portability, backslash continuation and . . . . . . . . . 21portability, backslash in escape sequences . . . . . . 26portability, close function and . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73portability, data files as single record. . . . . . . . . . . 39portability, deleting array elements . . . . . . . . . . . 124portability, example programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186portability, fflush function and . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143portability, functions, defining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154portability, gawk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286portability, gettext library and. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160portability, internationalization and . . . . . . . . . . . 165portability, length function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133portability, new awk vs. old awk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80portability, next statement in user-definedfunctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157portability, NF variable, decrementing . . . . . . . . . . 42portability, operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87portability, operators, not in POSIX awk . . . . . . . 95portability, POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182portability, substr function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139portable object files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160, 163portable object files, converting to message objectfiles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167portable object files, generating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179portal files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173porting gawk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286positional specifiers, printf statement . . . . . . . . . 63positional specifiers, printf statement . . . . . . . . 164positional specifiers, printf statement, mixingwith regular formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165positive zero. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304POSIX awk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5, 85POSIX awk, **= operator and. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85POSIX awk, < operator and . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54POSIX awk, | I/O operator and . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55POSIX awk, arithmetic operators and . . . . . . . . . . 81POSIX awk, backslashes in string constants . . . . 26POSIX awk, BEGIN/END patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100POSIX awk, break statement and . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107POSIX awk, changes in awk versions . . . . . . . . . . 258POSIX awk, character lists and . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29POSIX awk, character lists and, character classes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30, 31POSIX awk, continue statement and . . . . . . . . . 108POSIX awk, CONVFMT variable and . . . . . . . . . . . . 111POSIX awk, date utility and. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149POSIX awk, field separators and. . . . . . . . . . . . 39, 47POSIX awk, FS variable and . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111POSIX awk, function keyword in. . . . . . . . . . . . . 154POSIX awk, functions and, gsub/sub . . . . . . . . . 141POSIX awk, functions and, length . . . . . . . . . . . . 133POSIX awk, GNU long options and . . . . . . . . . . . 177POSIX awk, interval expressions in . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29POSIX awk, next/nextfile statements and . . . 108POSIX awk, numeric strings and . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88POSIX awk, OFMT variable and . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61, 80POSIX awk, period (.), using . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27POSIX awk, printf format strings and. . . . . . . . . 65POSIX awk, regular expressions and . . . . . . . . . . . 29POSIX awk, timestamps and. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146POSIX mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180, 182POSIX, awk and . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3POSIX, gawk extensions not included in . . . . . . 260POSIX, programs, implementing in awk . . . . . . . 215POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable . . . . . . . 182precedence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87, 94precedence, regexp operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29print statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58print statement, BEGIN/END patterns and . . . . . 100print statement, commas, omitting . . . . . . . . . . . . 59print statement, I/O operators in . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95print statement, line continuations and . . . . . . . . 59print statement, OFMT variable and . . . . . . . . . . . 112print statement, See Also redirection, of output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66print statement, sprintf function and . . . . . . . 192printf statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58, 61printf statement, columns, aligning . . . . . . . . . . . 59printf statement, format-control characters . . . 61printf statement, I/O operators in . . . . . . . . . . . . 95printf statement, modifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63printf statement, positional specifiers . . . . 63, 164printf statement, positional specifiers, mixingwith regular formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165printf statement, See Also redirection, of output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66printf statement, sprintf function and . . . . . . 192printf statement, syntax of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58printing, list of options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179printing, mailing labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240printing, unduplicated lines of text. . . . . . . . . . . . 229printing, user information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224private variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186process information, files for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70processes, two-way communications with . . . . . . 170processing data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300PROCINFO array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71, 115, 206, 210