Fighter Combat

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FIGHTER MISSIONS 345remote escorts. Detached escorts should also seek to be offensive throughearly detection and engagement of enemy fighters, but their aggressionmust be tempered by considerable discipline if escort integrity is to bemaintained.Notes1. Martin Caidin, Fork-Tailed Devil: The P-38, p. 282.2. Adolph Galland, The First and the Last, p. 198.3. Ibid., p. 201.
10Tactical InterceptsConfront the enemy with the tip of your sword against his face.Miyamoto MusashiSince the introduction of radar to the air combat scenario in World WarII, its advantages have been widely recognized and accepted. These advantagesinclude long-range warning of the approach of hostile aircraft, improvedefficiency in the interception of these aircraft, and the ability toprovide friendly fighters with an initial advantage over the enemy. Atnight or in poor visibility, radar may provide the only practical means ofemploying fighter aircraft; but even in good visibility and in the daytime,radar's advantages can be critical to the success of any fighter mission. Oneprominent example is the use of radar by the British in the Battle of Britain.Early warning of German attacks allowed the British to use the moreefficient GAI defense concept to make the most effective use of limitedfighter resources, to intercept incoming raids at the greatest distance fromtheir target, to avoid German fighter sweeps, and, usually, to gain firstsight of the enemy.The operational theory of radar and some of the techniques and limitationsinvolved in the employment of radar were covered in detail in thefirst chapter of this book. Radars can be classified by their use for earlywarning, acquisition or guidance. Early-warning radars are generally lowfrequency,long-wavelength sets requiring large antennas. Their sizeusually precludes their installation in fighters, so they are primarily usedfor GCI/AIC control. They are characterized by relatively long range andpoor resolution. A single-aircraft target on an early-warning radar may bedisplayed on the controller's scope as a "blip" of light representing severalmiles in width, and many closely spaced aircraft may appear as a singletarget. Control by use of such equipment is limited to bringing the fightersclose enough to the target for them to take over, either with their ownhigher-resolution equipment or visually.<strong>Fighter</strong> radars are generally of the acquisition type, which have higherfrequency, smaller antennas, shorter range, and better resolution. They
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Fighter CombatTACTICS AND MANEUVERI
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ContentsPrefaceixAcknowledgmentsxvA
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CONTENTSVllSingle-Side Offset 353Tr
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XPREFACEtactics varied greatly, and
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PREFACEXlllseconds, while today's f
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XVIACKNOWLEDGMENTSGodfrey, John T.,
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XV111ABBREVIATIONSHUD heads-up disp
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1Fighter WeaponsFighter aircraft ex
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FIGHTER WEAPONS 6lets. Another fact
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FIGHTER WEAPONS 5gun as the fighter
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FIGHTER WEAPONS 7reliability, cost-
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FIGHTER WEAPONS ?The final complica
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FIGHTER WEAPONS \ \span of the enem
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FIGHTER WEAPONS 13cause large, erra
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FIGHTER WEAPONS 15Gun EmploymentWhe
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FIGHTER WEAPONS 17I am not a good s
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FIGHTER WEAPONS 19Guns are like alc
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FIGHTER WEAPONS 21Most snapshots li
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FIGHTER WEAPONS 23second) should be
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FIGHTER WEAPONS 25tion of the targe
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FIGHTER WEAPONS 27Instead, the defe
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FIGHTER WEAPONS 29firing zone by re
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FIGHTER WEAPONS 31This maneuver spo
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FIGHTER WEAPONS 33swiveling the noz
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FIGHTER WEAPONS 35they are more sus
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FIGHTER WEAPONS 37home on reciproca
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FIGHTER WEAPONS 39The various forms
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FIGHTER WEAPONS 41in bad weather, s
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FIGHTER WEAPONS 43Of course, this t
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FIGHTER WEAPONS 45is sometimes call
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FIGHTER WEAPONS 47NON-MANEUVERINGMA
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FIGHTER WEAPONS 49the radar track,
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FIGHTER WEAPONS 5 1Besides the guid
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FIGHTER WEAPONS 53rocket-powered ve
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FIGHTER WEAPONS 55speed targets. Hi
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FIGHTER WEAPONS 57detect the target
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FIGHTER WEAPONS 59For forward- or r
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FIGHTER WEAPONS 61varies with range
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BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS 63Lead Purs
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BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS 65attacker
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BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS 67Effective
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BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS 69that he p
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BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS 71to arrive
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BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS 73improve t
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BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS 75Figure 2-
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BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS 77approach
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BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS 79Figure 2-
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BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS 81plane of
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BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS 83direction
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BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS 85essential
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BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS 87speed for
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BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS 89proportio
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BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS 91attacker)
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BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS 93At positi
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BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS 95slow-spee
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BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS 97When it i
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ONE-VERSUS-ONE MANEUVERING, SIMILAR
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One-versus-OneManeuvering,Dissimila
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ONE-VERSUS-ONE MANEUVERING, DISSIMI
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Section Tactics,Two-versus-OneNever
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SECTION TACTICS, TWC-VERSUS-ONE 197
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SECTION TACTICS, TWOVERSUS-ONE 199h
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SECTION TACTICS, TWO-VERSUS-ONE 201
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SECTION TACTICS, TWOVERSUS-ONE 207a
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SECTION TACTICS, TWOVERSUS-ONE 209M
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SECTION TACTICS, TWOVERSUS-ONE 211F
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SECTION TACTICS, TWOVERSUS-ONE 213e
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SECTION TACTICS, TWOVERSUS-ONE 215e
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SECTION TACTICS, TWOVERSUS-ONE 217h
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SECTION TACTICS, TWOVERSUS-ONE 219A
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SECTION TACTICS, TWOVERSUS-ONE 221D
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SECTION TACTICS, TWC-VERSUS-ONE 223
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SECTION TACTICS, TWOVERSUS-ONE 225a
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SECTION TACTICS, TWOVERSUS-ONE 227F
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SECTION TACTICS, TWOVERSUS-ONE 229s
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SECTION TACTICS, TWOVERSUS-ONE 231d
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SECTION TACTICS, TWOVERSUS-ONE 233s
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SECTION TACTICS, TWOVERSUS-ONE 235p
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SECTION TACTICS, TWOVERSUS-TWO 237v
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SECTION TACTICS, TWC-VERSUS-TWO 239
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SECTION TACTICS, TWOVERSUS-TWO 241w
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SECTION TACTICS, TWOVERSUS-TWO 243f
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SECTION TACTICS, TWOVERSUS-TWO 245b
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SECTION TACTICS, TWC-VERSUS-TWO 247
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SECTION TACTICS, TWOVERSUS-TWO 249F
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SECTION TACTICS, TWOVERSUS-TWO 251g
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SECTION TACTICS, TWOVERSUS-TWO 253t
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SECTION TACTICS, TWO-VERSUS-TWO 255
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SECTION TACTICS, TWOVERSUS-TWO 257d
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SECTION TACTICS, TWOVERSUS-TWO 259c
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SECTION TACTICS, TWOVERSUS-TWO 261F
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SECTION TACTICS, TWOVERSUS-TWO 263i
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SECTION TACTICS, TWO-VERSUS-TWO 265
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DIVISION TACTICS 267sides late in W
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DIVISION TACTICS 269unacceptably hi
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DIVISION TACTICS 271Figure 7-4. Lin
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DIVISION TACTICS 273Figure 7-6.Sect
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DIVISION TACTICS 2755. In any form
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DIVISION TACTICS 277when the divisi
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DIVISION TACTICS 279"Gaggle" doctri
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DIVISION TACTICS 281Figure 7-11. Ga
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DIVISION TACTICS 283on the lookout
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DIVISION TACTICS 285It is when a fo
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DIVISION TACTICS 287attack by the d
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DIVISION TACTICS 289low-performance
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UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS 291previ
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UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS 293attac
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Page 316 and 317: UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS 297We ne
Page 318 and 319: UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS 299Figur
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Page 322 and 323: UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS 303Quite
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Page 330 and 331: UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS 311arran
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Page 336 and 337: FIGHTER MISSIONS 317conflict, air s
Page 338 and 339: FIGHTER MISSIONS 319man will, who,
Page 340 and 341: FIGHTER MISSIONS 321friendly aircra
Page 342 and 343: FIGHTER MISSIONS 323quested informa
Page 344 and 345: FIGHTER MISSIONS 325The massed atta
Page 346 and 347: FIGHTER MISSIONS 327by installation
Page 348 and 349: FIGHTER MISSIONS 329bombers' defens
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Page 352 and 353: FIGHTER MISSIONS 333attacked just a
Page 354 and 355: FIGHTER MISSIONS 335proven consiste
Page 356 and 357: FIGHTER MISSIONS 337already been co
Page 358 and 359: FIGHTER MISSIONS 339between the two
Page 360 and 361: FIGHTER MISSIONS 341decoys and fein
Page 362 and 363: FIGHTER MISSIONS 343Figure 9-5. Fig
Page 366 and 367: TACTICAL INTERCEPTS 347often have t
Page 368 and 369: TACTICAL INTERCEPTS 349The goal of
Page 370 and 371: TACTICAL INTERCEPTS 351interceptor'
Page 372 and 373: TACTICAL INTERCEPTS 353and closing
Page 374 and 375: TACTICAL INTERCEPTS 355the intercep
Page 376 and 377: TACTICAL INTERCEPTS 357shoot before
Page 378 and 379: TACTICAL INTERCEPTS 359element, as
Page 380 and 381: TACTICAL INTERCEPTS 361bogey neutra
Page 382 and 383: TACTICAL INTERCEPTS 363bogey. It is
Page 384 and 385: TACTICAL INTERCEPTS 365for the inte
Page 386 and 387: TACTICAL INTERCEPTS 367since additi
Page 388 and 389: TACTICAL INTERCEPTS 369tial, partic
Page 390 and 391: TACTICAL INTERCEPTS 371RWR equipmen
Page 392 and 393: TACTICAL INTERCEPTS 373Figure 10-15
Page 394 and 395: TACTICAL INTERCEPTS 375of fighters
Page 396 and 397: TACTICAL INTERCEPTS 377out." This c
Page 398 and 399: TACTICAL INTERCEPTS 379One peek is
Page 400 and 401: TACTICAL INTERCEPTS 381general, the
Page 402 and 403: TACTICAL INTERCEPTS 383lead to 30-m
Page 404: TACTICAL INTERCEPTS 385considered t
Page 407 and 408: 388 APPENDIXcould not or simply wou
Page 409 and 410: 390 APPENDIXmust be a limit. Usuall
Page 411 and 412: 392 APPENDIXFigure A-3. Level Insta
Page 413 and 414: 394 APPENDIXwhich is classified as
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396 APPENDIXonly about half its sea
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398 APPENDIXFigure A-8. Origin of I
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400 APPENDIXveloped to lessen the e
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402 APPENDIXFigure A-12, Possible L
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404 APPENDIXFigure A-14. Effect of
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406 APPENDIXFigure A-15. Sample Cli
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408 APPENDIXturn performance (i.e.,
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410 APPENDIXtrolling airspeed, keep
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412 APPENDIXgravity, radial G will
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414 APPENDIXFigure A-20. Variations
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416 APPENDIXFigure A-22. Lift versu
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BibliographyAir Force Flight Test C
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IndexAcceleration performance, 29-3
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INDEX 423Escort. See Strike escortE
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INDEX 425212-14, 224, 233, 237, 240
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INDEX 427Sustained turns, 88-90, 92
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Fighter Combat

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