Paradox

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SEXTUS EMPIRICUS AND THE INFINITE REGRESS OF JUSTIFICATION 161Anyone who hopes to score off of this paradox is merelyengaged in rhetoric.Of course, Sextus is not one to draw a sharp distinctionbetween rhetoric and logic. The next chapter is devoted to arhetorician who blurs this line with pragmatic paradoxes.
T W E L V EAugustine’sPragmatic <strong>Paradox</strong>esI cannot start this chapter. This opening sentence is underminedby my very act of writing it. Yet my opening sentence describesa possible state of affairs. Pragmatic paradoxes are contingentsentences that behave like contradictions or tautologies. InAristophanes’s The Clouds, the debt-ridden Strepsiades swearsthat after Sokrates teaches him enough sophistry to evadecreditors, Strepsiades will pay him a huge fee. Strepsiades’promise to pay for knowledge of how to break his promisesresembles a contradiction, but it is not a logical falsehood like“Someone promised something and no one promised anything.”After all, Strepsiades could keep his promise if Sokratesis trusting enough to accept a self-undermining assurance.Pragmatic paradoxes were common in Greek comedies. Greekorators used them as rhetorical devices. But Greek philosophersdid not take pragmatic paradoxes seriously.Augustine is the first on record to use them dialectically.Unlike traditional paradoxes that are normally cited in
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A BRIEF HISTORYof theParadox
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A BRIEF HISTORYof theParadoxPHILOSO
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Tothose who neverhave a book dedica
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ContentsList of FiguresPrefaceixxiO
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List of Figures1.1 Canadian flag 71
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PrefaceMathematicians characterize
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PREFACExiiiHegel, Marx, and nowaday
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PREFACExvpermission to quote “Ant
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A BRIEF HISTORYof theParadox
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O N EAnaximander and theRiddle of O
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ANAXIMANDER AND THE RIDDLE OF ORIGI
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T W OPythagoras’s Searchfor the C
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PYTHAGORAS’S SEARCH FOR THE COMMO
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PARMENIDES ON WHAT IS NOT 29city th
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PARMENIDES ON WHAT IS NOT 31incredu
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PARMENIDES ON WHAT IS NOT 33differe
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PARMENIDES ON WHAT IS NOT 35Odysseu
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PARMENIDES ON WHAT IS NOT 37“Nobo
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PARMENIDES ON WHAT IS NOT 39tendenc
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PARMENIDES ON WHAT IS NOT 41Clinton
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PARMENIDES ON WHAT IS NOT 43cal abs
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SISYPHUS’S ROCK AND ZENO’S PARA
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SOCRATES: THE PARADOX OF INQUIRY 59
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S I XThe MegarianIdentity CrisisEuc
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THE MEGARIAN IDENTITY CRISIS 73Plat
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THE MEGARIAN IDENTITY CRISIS 75to l
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THE MEGARIAN IDENTITY CRISIS 77soul
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THE MEGARIAN IDENTITY CRISIS 79lear
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THE MEGARIAN IDENTITY CRISIS 81A =
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S E V E NEubulides and thePolitics
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EUBULIDES AND THE POLITICS OF THE L
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A FOOTNOTE TO “PLATO” 101becaus
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A FOOTNOTE TO “PLATO” 103human
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A FOOTNOTE TO “PLATO” 105tion o
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A FOOTNOTE TO “PLATO” 107Jumble
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A FOOTNOTE TO “PLATO” 109in the
Page 130 and 131: A FOOTNOTE TO “PLATO” 111refute
Page 132 and 133: A FOOTNOTE TO “PLATO” 113Graham
Page 134 and 135: A FOOTNOTE TO “PLATO” 115to me
Page 136 and 137: ARISTOTLE ON FATALISM 117Fig. 9.1pa
Page 138 and 139: ARISTOTLE ON FATALISM 119shooting u
Page 140 and 141: ARISTOTLE ON FATALISM 1214. Therefo
Page 142 and 143: ARISTOTLE ON FATALISM 123the Megari
Page 144 and 145: ARISTOTLE ON FATALISM 125Socrates w
Page 146 and 147: ARISTOTLE ON FATALISM 127not have r
Page 148 and 149: ARISTOTLE ON FATALISM 129THE MORAL
Page 150 and 151: CHRYSIPPUS ON PEOPLE PARTS 131Fig.
Page 152 and 153: CHRYSIPPUS ON PEOPLE PARTS 133The h
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Page 156 and 157: CHRYSIPPUS ON PEOPLE PARTS 137belon
Page 158 and 159: CHRYSIPPUS ON PEOPLE PARTS 139claim
Page 160 and 161: CHRYSIPPUS ON PEOPLE PARTS 141insta
Page 162 and 163: CHRYSIPPUS ON PEOPLE PARTS 143The s
Page 164 and 165: CHRYSIPPUS ON PEOPLE PARTS 145reass
Page 166 and 167: CHRYSIPPUS ON PEOPLE PARTS 147In Na
Page 168 and 169: SEXTUS EMPIRICUS AND THE INFINITE R
Page 182 and 183: AUGUSTINE’S PRAGMATIC PARADOXES 1
Page 196 and 197: T H I R T E E NAquinas: Can God Hav
Page 198 and 199: AQUINAS: CAN GOD HAVE A BIOGRAPHY?
Page 206 and 207: F O U R T E E NOckham andthe Insolu
Page 208 and 209: OCKHAM AND THE INSOLUBILIA 189merel
Page 210 and 211: OCKHAM AND THE INSOLUBILIA 191WHAT
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Page 214 and 215: OCKHAM AND THE INSOLUBILIA 195was l
Page 216 and 217: OCKHAM AND THE INSOLUBILIA 197With
Page 218 and 219: OCKHAM AND THE INSOLUBILIA 199of th
Page 220 and 221: BURIDAN’S SOPHISMS 201Buridan ban
Page 222 and 223: BURIDAN’S SOPHISMS 203recover the
Page 224 and 225: BURIDAN’S SOPHISMS 205respondent
Page 226 and 227: BURIDAN’S SOPHISMS 207BURIDAN’S
Page 228 and 229: BURIDAN’S SOPHISMS 209shows that
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BURIDAN’S SOPHISMS 211invalid bec
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BURIDAN’S SOPHISMS 213ers turned
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BURIDAN’S SOPHISMS 215The circumn
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PASCAL’S IMPROBABLE CALCULATIONS
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S E V E N T E E NLeibniz’s Princi
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LEIBNIZ’S PRINCIPLE OF SUFFICIENT
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HUME’S ALL-CONSUMING IDEAS 253Hum
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HUME’S ALL-CONSUMING IDEAS 255bel
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HUME’S ALL-CONSUMING IDEAS 257gen
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HUME’S ALL-CONSUMING IDEAS 259Loc
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HUME’S ALL-CONSUMING IDEAS 261Whe
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HUME’S ALL-CONSUMING IDEAS 263HUM
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HUME’S ALL-CONSUMING IDEAS 265was
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HUME’S ALL-CONSUMING IDEAS 267sta
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THE COMMON SENSE OF THOMAS REID 269
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KANT AND THE ANTINOMY OF PURE REASO
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T W E N T Y - O N EHegel’s World
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HEGEL’S WORLD OF CONTRADICTIONS 3
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RUSSELL’S SET 317THE HEGELIAN HUN
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RUSSELL’S SET 319Georg Cantor was
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RUSSELL’S SET 321Russell now pict
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RUSSELL’S SET 323Fig. 22.2to have
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RUSSELL’S SET 325Fig. 22.4Now con
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RUSSELL’S SET 327Russell realized
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RUSSELL’S SET 329Whitehead congra
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RUSSELL’S SET 331hires a secretar
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T W E N T Y - T H R E EWittgenstein
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WITTGENSTEIN AND THE DEPTH OF A GRA
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T W E N T Y - F O U RQuine’s Ques
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QUINE’S QUESTION MARK 351doomsday
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QUINE’S QUESTION MARK 353concede
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QUINE’S QUESTION MARK 355rowed
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QUINE’S QUESTION MARK 357Quine sa
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QUINE’S QUESTION MARK 359became i
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QUINE’S QUESTION MARK 361co-autho
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QUINE’S QUESTION MARK 363captivat
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QUINE’S QUESTION MARK 365To meet
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QUINE’S QUESTION MARK 367that the
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QUINE’S QUESTION MARK 369GRADUALI
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QUINE’S QUESTION MARK 371definiti
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BibliographyAnscombe, G. E. M. (195
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 375Hegel, G. W. F. (18
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 377Miller, J. (1998).
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 379Skyrms, Brian (1975
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IndexNote: Page numbers in bold ref
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INDEX 383Carneades, 152Carroll, Lew
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INDEX 385ethics: of Aristotle, 97-9
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INDEX 387Jaynes, E. T., 250John XXI
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INDEX 389money and law of diminishi
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INDEX 391Poincaré, Henri, 325polit
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INDEX 393Socrates, 58-70; Augustine
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