Paradox

384 INDEXDemocritus, 53–54Demophilus, 86Demosthenes, 85, 86Dennett, Daniel, 357–58Descartes, René: appearances andnoumenal reality, 297; on belief,229; cogito ergo sum (I think,therefore I am), 170, 254, 334;on following arguments, 276–77; on metaphysical dualisms,216–21; on reason, 269; Ryle on,340–41determinism, 125–29, 290–92, 301–2The Development of Logic (Knealeand Kneale), 90diagonal argument, 323–27dialectic method of inquiry, 61, 110–11dialetheia, 113–14dice, 223Diderot, Denis, 106, 231–32dilemma about cones, 53–54dilemma of freedom or determinism,290–92Diodorus Cronos, 119–22, 122–23Diogenes, 84, 94, 196Diogenes Laertius, 3, 38, 76, 85, 88–89, 92Dion and Theon, 138, 139–40, 141–42direct answers, 5–6direct arguments, 156–59Discourse on Method (Descartes),218divine command theory, 192division paradox, 226–28doctrine of apostolic poverty, 193–94doctrine of family resemblance, 347doctrine of reminiscence, 65–68Dodgson, Charles, 333–34dogmatism, 159–61, 173dominant substances, 139–40Don Quixote (Cervantes), 209doomsday argument, 350–51, 370Dunsany, Lord, 116duplicates, 243–44Dutchbooks, 239Eastern philosophy, 93Eco, Umberto, 193economic theory, 235Edinburgh Review, 274education, 196Egyptian culture, 20, 39Einstein, Albert, 41, 77, 369Electra. See paradox of the veiledfigureElements (Euclid), 23Elenchus problem, 110, 112–15emotions, 285empiricism, 253, 255–67, 268, 294,295Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 110–11The End of the World (Leslie), 350Enlightenment, 310enthymeme, 354Epicharmus, 130, 135–36Epictetus, 119–20, 362–63Epimenides, 94–95, 102epistemology, 74equality, 22equiprobability, 238–40Erasmus, 163, 213eristic method of inquiry, 62errors of commission, 78An Essay Concerning HumanUnderstanding (Locke), 255An Essay on the Foundations ofGeometry (Russell), 317essentialism, 141, 143Eternal Questions, 334