Paradox

392 INDEXreductio ad absurdum (continued)Sextus Empiricus’ use of, 153;Socrates’ use of, 109Reid, Thomas, 172, 268–83, 320, 341relativism, Protagorean, 102–3religion, 167, 181, 268, 312. See alsoChristianity; Godreminiscence doctrine, 65–66The Republic (Plato), 66–67, 74Rescher, Nicholas, 6, 364–65Rhind Papyrus, 20–21Richard, Jules, 332riddles: of induction, 354–57; as logicalanalogies, 340; mathematicalriddles, 20–21; origin riddles,1–3, 10–12; as paradoxes, 3–10,349; Quine’s paradoxes and, 358;Sphinx’s riddle, 3–4Robison, John, 361–62A Room of One’s Own (Woolf), 52Rosser, Barkley, 368rule following, 345–48rules of inference, 299, 367Russell, Bertrand, 316–32; antinomy,351; on Aquinas, 179; oncommon sense, 279; on contradictions,336; on ‘is,’ 39; on nonexistentobjects, 30; paradoxes ofidentity, 90; religious beliefs,167; Wittgenstein and, 7Russell’s paradox, 322–31Ryle, Gilbert, 340Sainsbury, R. M., 6, 104, 114Saint Anselm of Canterbury, 167St. Petersburg paradox, 232–34, 246The Sand Reckoner (Archimedes), 46Sartre, Jean Paul, 343–45Sathon (Little Willy) (Antisthenes),112Savage, Leonard, 233Savant, Marilyn vos, 225Schliemann, Heinrich, 28–29scholasticism, 212–15Schopenhauer, Arthur, 311–13science, 280. See also specific fieldssuch as physicsscience fiction, 144–45, 219sciences, 369–71scientific revolution, 190Scotus, John Duns, 168Sedley, David, 135–36self-awareness, 230self-deception, 343–44self-reference, 195semantic paradoxes, 35–36, 332,359–60senses, 52–54, 124September 11 terrorist attacks, 4sets of Quine, 361–66Sextus Empiricus, 148–61; onappearance, 168–69; Hume on,254; method of equipollence,294–95; Pascal and, 230, 231; onphilosophical inquiry, 337;skepticism of, 295; sorites paradox,98; soul’s existence argument,171Shalit, Gene, 30–31Ship of Theseus, 132, 140, 145Sidgwick, Henry, 278Siger of Brabant, 188–89simplicity, 360singular propositions, 153Sisyphus, 44size, 45–46skepticism, 295Skinner, B. F., 127Skyrms, Brian, 354Smith, Norman Kemp, 285Smith, Sydney, 273