Paradox

INDEX 385ethics: of Aristotle, 97–98; epistemologyand, 74; ethical determinism,125–29; ethicaltheory, 97–98, 235; of paradox,91–93; principles of commonsense and, 273Etienne Tempier, 188–89Euathlus, 62–63Eubulides, 83–99Euclid, 299Euclides, 71, 72–73, 74, 76, 78, 81–82Euler, Leonhard, 106–7Eurymedon, 86Eusebius, 84Euthydemus (Plato), 112, 192evaluative finitism, 233evolutionary theory, 11, 281–82, 356existence, 141–42, 240experience, 33–34, 253, 303faith, 165–66. See also Christianityfallacy of composition, 53false identity statements, 79falsidical paradoxes, 351–54, 358family resemblance doctrine, 347fatalism, 116–29Fermat, Pierre, 227, 231finite numbers, 319finitism, evaluative, 233flight, 222forms, 60–61, 74, 296, 337Foundations of Statistics (Savage),233Fraassen, Bas van, 250fractions, 20Franks, Bobby, 126–27freedom, 290–92freewill, 128, 191, 290–92, 301–2,336Frege, Gottlob, 89, 329, 331, 336fusions, 361Gaia hypothesis, 134Galileo, 360gambler’s fallacy, 15Gazzaniga, Michael, 286gears, 220–21, 220 (fig)genetic fallacy, 181geometry. See also mathematics:contradictions in, 317; Egyptians’interest in, 20; geometricalprobability paradoxes, 246–49; independent axioms, 272;principles of common sense and,273; probability, 245–51; RhindPapyrus, 20–21Germans, 37–38Gibbard, Allan, 140, 145–46Giles of Rome, 199gnomons, 23, 23 (fig)God. See also Christianity; metaphysics:Augustine’s portrayalof, 173; common sense and, 281–82; existence of, 16–17, 106–7,166, 218–19, 241–42, 273, 292,301; immutability of, 177–80;nature of, 180–82; omniscience,180, 192; thoughts of, 240God: A Biography (Miles), 177, 181–82Gödel, Kurt, 90, 107, 367–68gods paradox, 55–56Goethe, Johann, 309Goodman, Nelson, 155–56, 354–55,361–62Goodman’s paradox, 356gradualism about paradoxes, 369–71grammatical sophisms, 202grandfather paradox, 118Greek culture, 20, 37Grelling, Kurt, 332