spacecraft, and a concept for refrigeration of the spacecraft using a laser (the refrigerator conceptused – unfortunately for spacecraft designers – requires a violation of the second law ofthermodynamics to function).In terms of actual spaceflight, the concept of a solar probe has a long history inspaceflight, first discussed in the “Simpson’s Committee” of the Space Science Board 7 in 1958,shortly after Sputnik. This became a JPL mission concept study, Solar Probe, 8 later “Star Probe,”which evolved into the “Fire” portion of the “Fire and Ice” proposed missions, 9 using a Jupitergravity-slingshot in reverse to remove the spacecraft’s orbital angular momentum and allow it todrop in to a close pass to the near-sun environment of the solar corona. To make the missionpossible, the spacecraft itself is hidden behind a sun shield made of high-temperature carboncomposite, allowing the body of the spacecraft to remain at moderate temperature as the shield isheated to incandescence. These design concepts eventually became reality with the upcomingmission Solar Probe Plus, 10 which will launch in 2018 to fly to within 7.5 solar radii of thesurface of the sun. 11Figure 13: Solar Probe Plus, a (real)mission to the corona of the sun. Thecarbon heat shield protects the spacecraftfrom the high-intensity thermalenvironment of the sun.Figure 14: Spacecraft from the filmSunshine (2007), a movie in which therefractory solar shield protects thespacecraft on a mission close to the sun.7 Simpson, J. A., Goldberg, L., Rossi, B.B., Van Allen, J.A., Urey, H.C., et al. (1958, October24). Proceedings of the Space Science Board at the National Academy of Sciences. Washington,D.C.8 Randolph, J. E. (1996). NASA solar probe mission and system concepts. Advances in SpaceResearch, 17(3), 3-12.9 Staehle, R. L., Brewster, S. C., Carraway, J. B., Chatterjee, A. K., Clark, K. B., Doyle, R. J.,Henry, P. K., Johannesen, J. R., Johnson, T. V., Jorgensen, E. J., Kemski, R. P., Ludwinski, J.M., Maddock, R. W., Mondt, J. F., Randolph, J. E., Terrile, R. J., & Tsurutani, B. T. (1999). Iceand fire: Missions to the most difficult solar system destinations on a budget. Acta Astronautica,45(4-9), 423-439.10 Supra note 6.11 Ibid.© 2015 Astrosociology Research Institute66
This concept for a solar probe was re-imported back from spaceflight to science fictionwith Danny Boyle film Sunshine (2007), where, like the Solar Probe Plus mission, a spacemission to the near-sun environment is designed with a large solar shield behind where thespacecraft can remain at moderate temperature.VI.The FutureScience and science fiction continue to maintain their dialogue, with many, perhaps amajority, of scientists and engineers working in the aerospace field admitting to an inspiration inscience fiction, while science fiction writers continue to have a fascination with the spaceprogram. Science fiction has continued its press outward into the future, with visions of travel farbeyond the destinations yet visited by spacecraft. The technological predictions of science fictioninclude relatively “near term” visions such as human missions to Mars and beyond, spacecolonies, artificial intelligence, space elevators, bio-engineering and nanotechnology; and muchlonger term visions including interstellar travel by warp drives and wormholes, time travel,teleportation, and alternate universes, along with concepts of a technological singularity, inwhich the very nature of humanity may be changed. There is certainly no end of inspiration leftin science fiction, and a large number of concepts left for scientists and aerospace engineers toexplore.© 2015 Astrosociology Research Institute67
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demonstrate his strong support for
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discoveries. In 2011, a special iss
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4. Explore the potential relationsh
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For the comprehensive list of sugge