THE JOURNAL OF ASTROSOCIOLOGY VOLUME 1

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physiological ones (Suedfeld, 2000 and 2010; Dator, 2012; Stuster, 1996; Kanas and Manzey,2008).II.The Era of HabitabilityNASA has, in fact, already recognized the need for broadening design parameters toencompass conditions for habitability, and developed the STD-3001 to that end. This documentdefines habitability as “a measure of the degree to which the environment promotes productivityand well-being” (Preiser, 1991, p. 150), entailing three levels which roughly correspond to pastgoals (level one), present goals (level two), and the future goals (level three) of human spaceexploration. The first priority focuses on the safety and health of the crew, which must overrideall else. The second priority emphasizes function and task performance. The third priority citesthe need for physical and psychological comfort and satisfaction. This level includes aspectssuch as personalized spaces, privacy, leisure and recreational activities, and positive socialinteraction. However, despite the inclusion of criteria found in recent human factors research tobe aimed at well-being and comfort, there is little evidence in the current generation of spacehabitat modules that reflect any significant influence by the research (See Figures 3 and 4); onehas only to look at current habitat simulations to see that they still provide only the bare bones,hardly informed by any aesthetic sensibility at all (Vogler and Jorgenson, 2004; Harrison, 2010;Preiser, 1991). Design criteria for habitation are qualitatively very different from those ofexploratory missions. First, habitation implies long-term durations in space, whereas durationsfor missions are short-term. Second, habitability requires more extensive adaptation strategies;short-term missions demand only some degree of physiological adaptation, but long-termdurations demand psychological and social adaptation as well. Third, objectives of explorationentail scientific research and data acquisition; it is the process of searching and discovering, withno final or end destination. Objectives of habitation, on the other hand, require a sense of placeand destination; it is the process of dwelling, of being at home somewhere. Given the substantivedifferences between their respective goals, each must address a distinct set of human factorsissues. The transition from ‘missions to space’ to ‘habitation in space’ requires a shift in thedesign paradigm from what is referred to as the ‘spam in a can’ model to a quality-of-life model(Dudley-Rowley et al., 2003). “Rather than focusing exclusively on how humans endure [in theshort-term]—the criteria for which are based on designing for tolerances—the emphasis hasshifted to how humans thrive [in the long-term]—the criteria for which are based on designingfor optimization” (Lockard, 2014, p.14. Italics are in the original).© 2015 Astrosociology Research Institute72
Figure 3: Habitat Demonstration Unit 3Figure 4: HI-SEAS Mars Habitat Simulation 43 National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Desert RATS 2010 Complete 13th AnnualField Test, original caption – “Desert RATS crew member Dr.Jacob Bleacher works inside theHabitat Demonstration Unit (HDU). The habitat is used for engineering, medical and sciencetesting”, available athttp://www.nasa.gov/images/content/567087main_drats_2011science_hires.jpg.© 2015 Astrosociology Research Institute73
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How is this possible? Consider that
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emarkable parallels and shared insp
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demonstrate his strong support for
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discoveries. In 2011, a special iss
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4. Explore the potential relationsh
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principles that could account for a
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effects are likely to be based on h
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Page 34 and 35: Grant, J. (2011). Denying Science:
Page 36 and 37: Peters, T., and Hewlett, M. (2003).
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Page 104 and 105: Board of AdvisorsLynn E. Baroff, M.
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