Socio-economic assessment and feasibility study on - Ã–ko-Institut eV

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64 August 2010 <strong>Socio</strong>-<strong>economic</strong> <strong>assessment</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>feasibility</strong> <strong>study</strong> on sustainable e-waste management in Ghana Photo 9 Focusing <strong>and</strong> deflecting coils of manually dismantled CRTs (Source: Öko-Institut 2010) Table 9 Material content, intrinsic <strong>and</strong> net values of an average CRT-TV at 2007 resource prices (Sources: Eugster et al. 2007; Hagelücken 2006; USGS 2009a, b; CSR 2009) Amount contained in a CRT- TV [g/unit] Average material price 2007 [US$/t] Intrinsic material value 2007 [US$/unit] Estimated recovery rates with presently applied technology Estimated recovery rates with best applicable technology Net material value with presently applied technology [US$/unit] Net material value with best applicable technology [US$/unit] Glass 17,043 0 0 0% 0% 0 0 Plastics 6,880 310** 2.13 0% 0% 0 0 Steel 2,990 253 0.76 95% 95% 0.72 0.72 Copper 900 7,231 6.51 85% 98% 5.53 6.38 Aluminium 598 2,700 1.61 88% 88% 1.42 1.42 Tin 31 19,800 0.62 0% 0%*** 0 0 Lead 22* 2,730 0.06 0% 0%*** 0 0 Nickel 6.7 37,200 0.25 0%*** 0%*** 0 0
<strong>Socio</strong>-<strong>economic</strong> <strong>assessment</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>feasibility</strong> <strong>study</strong> on sustainable e-waste management in Ghana Amount contained in a CRT- TV [g/unit] Average material price 2007 [US$/t] Intrinsic material value 2007 [US$/unit] Estimated recovery rates with presently applied technology August 2010 Estimated recovery rates with best applicable technology Net material value with presently applied technology [US$/unit] Net material value with best applicable technology [US$/unit] Silver 0.62 550,000 0.34 0% 87% 0 0.30 Gold 0.04 22,400,000 0.85 0% 93% 0 0.79 Palladium 0.02 11,488,748 0.26 0% 91% 0 0.23 Ceramics & others 1,434 - - - - - - Sum 29,900 13.38 7.67 9.84 * Only lead contained in the TV-board ** Prices for mixed plastic *** Partly indirectly recovered together with other metals With thorough manual disassembling <strong>and</strong> sorting it is estimated that 95% of steel, 88% of aluminium <strong>and</strong> 85% of copper can be recovered. The copper recovery rate can be increased by refining the printed wiring boards in integrated smelters. Palladium, gold <strong>and</strong> silver are concentrated in printed wiring boards <strong>and</strong> contacts. It is estimated that the recovery rate is equivalent to those of desktop computers (see section 4.1.4). The recovery rates of tin, lead <strong>and</strong> nickel are difficult to determine. While tin <strong>and</strong> lead are mainly used in solders, nickel is used in alloys. The tin <strong>and</strong> lead contained in PWBs are recovered as by-products in integrated smelters. The nickel of alloys is recovered together with the scrap aluminium, steel <strong>and</strong> copper to generate new products. The comparison between the net material values of the presently applied recycling technologies <strong>and</strong> the best applicable recycling technologies shows that revenue from recycling of one CRT-TV could be increased from US$ 7.67 to 9.84. Nevertheless, this calculation does not include the costs for environmentally sound management of the CRT-glass <strong>and</strong> the disposal of the internal phosphorous coating. As sketched in chapter 4.2.3, there is an oversupply of CRT-glass, leading to a situation where providers of the glass have to pay for its environmentally sound end-processing. In the first half of 2010, the costs for co-processing in copper-smelters ranged between US$ 120 <strong>and</strong> 200 per ton (Wouters 2010). Assuming an average price of US$ 160 per ton, this would imply costs of US$ 2.73 per device. This means that the revenues from environmentally sound recycling of CRTs are lower than the revenues from the currently practiced recycling (declining from US$ 7.67 to 7.11) – not even taking into account the costs for sound disposal of the phosphorous dust <strong>and</strong> possible costs for the controlled incineration of plastics. Even if the other recommended management option for CRT-glass is chosen, i.e. transfer to dumpsites for hazardous waste – this would imply costs, which would partly neutralise the revenues from other fractions. 65
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Socio-economic assessment and feasibility study on - Ã–ko-Institut eV

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