Socio-economic assessment and feasibility study on - Ã–ko-Institut eV

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VIII August 2010 <strong>Socio</strong>-<strong>economic</strong> <strong>assessment</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>feasibility</strong> <strong>study</strong> on sustainable e-waste management in Ghana NMHSPE The Netherl<strong>and</strong>s Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning <strong>and</strong> the Environment NVMP E-waste Compliance Scheme ODS Ozone Depleting Substances OEA The Organization of European Aluminium Refiners <strong>and</strong> Remelters OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation <strong>and</strong> Development OLPC One Laptop Per Child PBB Polybrominated Biphenyls PBDE Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers PCB Polychlorinated Biphenyls PCCD/ F Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins <strong>and</strong> Furans PPP Purchasing Power Parity PUR Polyurethane PVC Polyvinyl Chloride PWB Printed Wiring Board PROSA Product Sustainability Assessment RoHS Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive SA8000 St<strong>and</strong>ard for Social Accountability SBC Secretariat of the Basel Convention S-LCA Social Life Cycle Assessment SMEs Small <strong>and</strong> Medium Enterprises SSNIT Social Security <strong>and</strong> National Insurance Trust TEQ Toxic Equivalent TFR Total Fertility Rate UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNEP United Nations Environment Programme VAT Value Added Tax VCS Voluntary Carbon St<strong>and</strong>ard VROM Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning <strong>and</strong> the Environment of the Netherl<strong>and</strong>s WEEE Waste Electrical <strong>and</strong> Electronic Equipments WSIS World Summit on the Information Society
<strong>Socio</strong>-<strong>economic</strong> <strong>assessment</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>feasibility</strong> <strong>study</strong> on sustainable e-waste management in Ghana Executive Summary August 2010 Debate on environmental, health <strong>and</strong> social problems associated with the uncontrolled dumping <strong>and</strong> inappropriate recycling of e-waste has already reached the mainstream of policy-makers in developed as well as developing countries. However, most of the developing countries have not yet been able to enforce national policies <strong>and</strong> legislations for managing e-waste. Furthermore, lack of technology <strong>and</strong> skills, <strong>and</strong> unexplored business <strong>and</strong> financing opportunities, coupled with an exponential growth in the use of electric <strong>and</strong> electronic equipments in the developing countries, have led to severe challenges in terms of managing e-waste in a proper manner. As e-waste entails several toxic <strong>and</strong> hazardous substances, its improper processing, recycling <strong>and</strong> disposal leads to severe health hazards, environmental pollution <strong>and</strong> social problems, not only for the people involved directly in ewaste related activities, but also for the local communities <strong>and</strong> the society as a whole. At the same time, e-waste is also a source of different types of metals, such as gold, silver, palladium, aluminium <strong>and</strong> copper, which makes it quite an attractive source of livelihood not only for a large number of poor people in the developing countries, but also for the national <strong>and</strong> global economy where the dem<strong>and</strong> for metal resources is constantly growing. So far, there is sufficient evidence to prove that in the absence of proper recycling infrastructure, collectively with the use of crude <strong>and</strong> inefficient recycling techniques in the developing countries, metals present in the e-waste are partly lost from the closed loop recycling management. In this context, the initiation of the E-waste Africa Project under the umbrella of the Secretariat of the Basel Convention (SBC) of the UNEP, <strong>and</strong> co-managed by the national governments <strong>and</strong> authorities in African countries, has been an important step forward. The project aims at enhancing environmental governance of e-waste <strong>and</strong> at creating favourable social <strong>and</strong> <strong>economic</strong> conditions for partnerships <strong>and</strong> small businesses in the recycling sector in Africa. In particular the project seeks to better underst<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> regulate the transboundary movements of used <strong>and</strong> obsolete e-equipment from Europe to Africa, <strong>and</strong> also to improve the local e-waste management capacities in many African countries, such as Nigeria, Ghana, Côte d’Ivoire <strong>and</strong> Benin. Apart from dealing with a better management <strong>and</strong> control of the legal <strong>and</strong> illegal trade of used <strong>and</strong> obsolete equipment from developed to developing countries, the project has a special focus on identifying solutions for sustainable management of domestically generated e-waste too. The idea is to explore appropriate mechanisms, if any, to link the informal e-waste recycling sector in the African countries with modern hightech metal refining enterprises worldwide with the objectives to 1
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Socio-economic assessment and feasibility study on - Ã–ko-Institut eV

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