LJ DCNHTXB CIF

eUSA JOURNALUSA 

Ctynzåhm 2005 ujlf 

LJ DCNHTXB 

D 

CIF 

Åñhj vtéleyfhjlysö byajhvfwbjyysö ghjuhfvv / Ujcelfhcndtyysq ltgfhnfvtyn CIF

Htlfrnjh 

Jndtncndtyysq htlfrnjh 

Htlfrnjhs 

Cgtwbfkbcns gj bcnjxybrfv 

Gjbcr ajnjuhfabq 

Lbpfqy jåkjérb 

Gjvjoybrb ntöybxtcrjuj 

lbhtrnjhf 

Htlfrnjh heccrjuj bplfybz 

Bplfntkm 

Ukfdysq htlfrnjh 

Ntöybxtcrbq lbhtrnjh 

Htlrjkktubz 

Njvfc Ä. Reyb 

Htåtrrf Ajhl Vbnxtkk 

Vthk Lädbl Rtkkthöfkc 

Lädbl F. Ltyyb 

Éfrtkby C. Gjhn 

Ifhkby Gjhnth 

Cävñäk Fylthcjy 

Léjhlé Åthrc 

Létahb E. Vtqcjy 

Dbdbfy H. Cnfk 

Léjhlé Åhfey 

Nbv Åhfey 

Ukjhbz Rfcnhj 

Åfhhb Abwléthfkml 

Äyy Vjyhj Létqrjåc 

Rhbcnbfy Kfhcjy 

Rkj L. Äkkbc 

Cbkmdbz Crjnn 

Kblbz Djhjybyf 

Léelbn C. Cbutk 

Hbxfhl E. Öfrfåb 

Rhbcnbfy Kfhcjy 

Fktrcfylth R. Atkmlvfy 

Rfnkby H. Ltqdbc 

Ahtycbc Å. Ejhl 

Yf jåkjért: Cneltyns ghb gjcflrt d cfvjktn d Åjhyvfent 

(Fyukbz) (Fdnjhcrbt ghfdf: Äh NbvBvblébp, 2005. 

Ajnj Rjkbyf Ejhrf) 

Åñhj vtéleyfhjlysö byajhvfwbjyysö ghjuhfvv 

Ujcelfhcndtyyjuj ltgfhnfvtynf CIF bplftn gznm 

äktrnhjyysö éehyfkjd gjl kjujnbgjv Ä-Éehyfk 

CIF – ≤Ärjyjvbxtcrbt gthcgtrnbds≥, ≤Ukjåfkmyst 

ghjåktvs≥, ≤Djghjcs ltvjrhfnbb≥, ≤Dytiyzz gjkbnbrf 

CIF≥ b ≤CIF: jåotcndj b wtyyjcnb≥. Jyb 

gjcdzotys fyfkbpe jcyjdysö ghjåktv, c rjnjhsvb 

cnfkrbdfñncz Cjtlbytyyst Infns b vtéleyfhjlyjt 

cjjåotcndj, f nfrét fyfkbpe jåotcndf, wtyyjcntq, 

bltq b bycnbnenjd CIF. Rfélsq bp éehyfkjd 

bvttn dsöjlyst lfyyst: njv, cjjndtncndeñobq 

xbcke ktn jn yfxfkf bplfybz, b yjvth, cjjndtncndeñobq 

jxthtlyjve yjvthe éehyfkf, bplfdftvjuj d 

ntreotv ujle. 

Yjdsq éehyfk bplftncz tétvtczxyj yf fyukbqcrjv 

zpsrt, f xthtp 2–4 ytltkb dsöjlbn d gthtdjlfö yf 

bcgfycrbq, gjhneufkmcrbq b ahfywepcrbq zpsrb. 

Jnltkmyst yjvthf geåkbreñncz nfrét yf fhfåcrjv 

b heccrjv zpsrfö. 

Vytybz, dscrfpsdftvst d änbö éehyfkfö, yt jåzpfntkmyj 

jnhféfñn dpukzls bkb gjkbnbre ghfdbntkmcndf 

CIF. Ujcelfhcndtyysq ltgfhnfvtyn CIF 

yt ytctn jndtncndtyyjcnb pf cjlthéfybt cfqnjd Bynthytnf, 

yf rjnjhst tcnm ccskrb d éehyfkfö, bkb 

ljcneg r nfrbv cfqnfv; äne jndtncndtyyjcnm ytcen 

bö bplfntkb. Éehyfkmyst cnfnmb, ajnjuhfabb b bkkñcnhfwbb 

vjéyj djcghjbpdjlbnm b gthtdjlbnm pf 

ghtltkfvb Cjtlbytyysö Infnjd, tckb vfnthbfks yt 

cjghjdjélfñncz xtnrbv erfpfybtv yf juhfybxtybz, 

yfkfuftvst fdnjhcrbv ghfdjv. D gjcktlytv ckexft 

ytjåöjlbvj gjkexbnm hfphtitybt e dkfltkmwtd fdnjhcrbö 

ghfd, egjvzyensö d éehyfkt. 

Ntreobt bkb ghtlsleobt yjvthf éehyfkjd, f 

nfrét fyjyc åeleobö éehyfkjd vjéyj yfqnb d 

ytcrjkmrbö äktrnhjyysö ajhvfnfö yf cnhfybwt Åñhj 

vtéleyfhjlysö byajhvfwbjyysö ghjuhfvv d 

Bynthytnt http://usinfo.state.gov/journals/journals.htm. 

Rjvvtynfhbb b pfvtxfybz yfghfdkzqnt d gjcjkmcndj 

CIF d dfitq cnhfyt bkb d htlfrwbñ gj flhtce: 

Editor, eJournal USA: Foreign Policy Agenda 

IIP/T/IS 

U.S. Department of State 

301 4th Street S.W. 

Washington, D.C. 20547 

United States of America 

Äktrnhjyysq flhtc: ejforpol@state.gov 


Ä-ÉEHYFK CIF

JÅ ÄNJV DSGECRT 

Tckb pf gjcktlybt ldf 

ujlf ds yt gjlfdfkb pfzdrb 

yf dbpe, ds vjétnt 

yt pyfnm, xnj Cjtlbytyyst 

Infns ljåbkbcm pyfxbntkmysö 

ecgtöjd d cjukfcjdfybb hfåjns 

gj ldev, rfpfkjcm ås, ghjnbdjgjkjéysv 

yfghfdktybzv – rfr 

yfltéytt pfobofnm cdjb uhfybws 

b rfr ghb änjv bö yt pfrhsdfnm, 

nj tcnm ghbybvfnm e ctåz 

dctö ntö, rnj öjxtn ghbtöfnm, 

xnjås gjcvjnhtnm cnhfye, hfåjnfnm 

bkb exbnmcz. Ndthlsq 

yfcnhjq hfpdbdfnm vtéleyfhjlyst 

jåvtys b cjöhfyznm jnrhsnjt 

jåotcndj jcnftncz jlybv bp 

dféytqibö äktvtynjd cbcntvs 

fvthbrfycrbö wtyyjcntq – äktvtynjv, 

rjnjhsq jåeckfdkbdftn 

tt jnkbxbntkmyst xthns. 

Chtlb ytlfdybö gthtvty 

– ecrjhtyyjt hfccvjnhtybt pfzdjr yf extåyst b 

ltkjdst dbps, ecjdthitycndjdfyyst åbjvtnhbxtcrbt 

ljrevtyns b edtkbxtybt xbckf cjnhelybrjd 

bvvbuhfwbjyysö ckeéå, gjvjufñobö jajhvkznm 

dbpjdst pfzdrb. Rhjvt njuj, Cjtlbytyyst Infns 

ghjljkéfñn hfåjnfnm yfl yjdsvb bybwbfnbdfvb, 

wtkm rjnjhsö cltkfnm nfr, xnjås vtéleyfhjlyst 

gjtplrb vjéyj åskj cjdthifnm åscnhtt b åtpjgfcytt. 

D änjv dsgecrt Äktrnhjyyjuj éehyfkf Ujcelfhcndtyyjuj 

ltgfhnfvtynf CIF (cjrhfotyyj 

Ä-Éehyfk CIF) cjåhfyf byajhvfwbz, ytjåöjlbvfz 

dfv lkz njuj, xnjås vfrcbvfkmyj eghjcnbnm dfie 

gjtplre d Cjtlbytyyst Infns. Ghbdjlbncz nfrét 

cgbcjr fvthbrfycrbö ghfdbntkmcndtyysö ghjuhfvv 

lkz kbw, rjnjhst yfvthtys gjctnbnm Cjtlbytyyst 

Infns, d cjjnyjitybb c fyfkjubxysvb ghjuhfvvfvb 

lheubö cnhfy. 

Éehyfk ≤Lj dcnhtxb d CIF≥ yfukzlyj ltvjycnhbhetn, 

xnj Cjtlbytyyst Infns hfleiyj ghbybvfñn 

byjcnhfyysö ujcntq, étkfñobö exbnmcz, 

LAWA ajnj Létz Åthrjdbwf 

dtcnb ltkf bkb ghjcnj jcvfnhbdfnm 

ljcnjghbvtxfntkmyjcnb d 

50 infnfö, rjnjhst jxtym jnkbxfñncz 

lheu jn lheuf. 

D yfxfkt dsgecrf jåüzcyzñncz 

gjhzljr ghjwtleh b cjlthéfybt 

gjyznbq, rjnjhsvb jgthbheñn 

ghb gthtctxtybb uhfybws. 

Lfktt cktleñn kbxyst cdbltntkmcndf 

fvthbrfycrbö cjnhelybrjd 

– rjycekmcrbö hfåjnybrjd 

b nfvjétyybrjd, rjnjhst 

yföjlzncz gj lheueñ cnjhjye 

jryf yf geyrnfö dütplf b rjnjhst 

cnfhfñncz jghtltkbnm, yf 

pfrjyysö kb jcyjdfybzö ghbåsdftn 

yf rjhjnrbq chjr d cnhfye 

xtkjdtr, cnjzobq gthtl ybvb. 

Cktleñobq hfpltk pyfrjvbn 

byjcnhfyyjuj ujcnz c ytrjnjhsvb 

vtytt bpdtcnysvb ghjuhfvvfvb 

gentitcndbq, drkñxfz 

vepsrfkmyeñ ärcrehcbñ gj Fvthbrt, rjnj heñ 

ghtlkfuftn pyfvtybnsq vepsrfkmysq bcnjhbr 

Léjy Äldfhl Öfccb. 

Cgtwbfkbcns gj vtéleyfhjlysv cneltyxtcrbv 

jåvtyfv lfñn cjdtns, rfr gjcnegbnm d fvthbrfycrbq 

rjkktlé b jgkfnbnm extåe, f cfvb byjcnhfyyst 

cneltyns gbien j njv, xnj jyb ltkfñn d Cjtlbytyysö 

Infnfö. 

Yfrjytw, uheggf ärcgthnjd bp ujcelfhcndtyysö 

exhtéltybq b xfcnyjuj ctrnjhf jnrhjdtyyj jåceélftn 

djghjcs, cdzpfyyst c gjkextybtv dbp lkz 

ltkjdsö gjtpljr. Herjdjlbntkb ldeö ghtlghbznbq 

– bp Cfynmzuj (Xbkb) b Ujyrjyuf – hfccrfpsdfñn j 

cdjbö gjtplrfö d CIF gjckt 11 ctynzåhz. 

D pfrkñxtybt ghbdjlzncz åbåkbjuhfabz gj ntvt 

b cgbcjr gjktpysö cfqnjd d Bynthytnt. 

Ghtlkfuftv dfitve dybvfybñ dsgecr Ä-Éehyfkf 

CIF. 

Htlfrwbz 

Ä-ÉEHYFK CIF 

 

Ctynzåhm 2005 ujlf

LJ DCNHTXB D CIF 

Ujcelfhcndtyysq ltgfhnfvtyn CIF / ctynzåhm 2005 ujlf / njv 10 / § 2 

http://usinfo.state.gov/journals/journals.htm 

4 

5 

14 

16 

17 

18 

GHTLBCKJDBT 

Ujcelfhcndtyysq ctrhtnfhm Rjyljkbpf Hfqc 

Hfcibahjdrf dbpjdjuj rjlf 

Gjlfdkzñott åjkmibycndj kñltq, étkfñobö 

gjctnbnm Cjtlbytyyst Infns, evtñn änj 

ltkfnm. Gjkexbnt ytjåöjlbvst cdtltybz lkz 

jhufybpfwbb gjtplrb d CIF. 

Ghjuhtcc d åbjvtnhbb: jn wdtnf ukfp lj 

crfybhjdfybz 

Hfpenmcz, dskjébnm jheébt? 

Yjdst ghfdbkf lkz gfccfébhjd 

Nhtåjdfybz r ajnjuhfabb yf dbpe 

Gj lheueñ cnjhjye dbpjdjuj jryf 

Léjy Gtxjdcrb, cjnhelybr rjycekmcrjq 

ckeéås d Rfbht 

J cdjtq hfåjnt hfccrfpsdftn cjnhelybr, 

jajhvkzñobq dbps d jlyjv bp cfvsö 

åjkmibö gjcjkmcnd d vbht. 

Gjuhfybxybrb: yf gthtlytv rhft jöhfys 

uhfybw, gthdst, rnj dcnhtxftn kñltq, 

ghbtpéfñobö d cnhfye 

Rfnkby Ajp, bycgtrnjh gj nfvjétyyjq 

ghjdthrt b jöhfyt uhfybws d Dfibyunjycrjv 

geyrnt dütplf 

Bycgtrnjh, ghbybvfñobq htitybz j njv, 

rnj vjétn dütöfnm d Cjtlbytyyst Infns, 

hfccrfpsdftn j cdjtq hfåjnt b kñlzö, rjnjhsö 

jyf dcnhtxftn. 

Gjtplrf d Cjtlbytyyst Infns – 

yf zpsrt wbah 

19 

20 

25 

31 

34 

NEHBCNFV 

Rfélsq yföjlbn xnj-nj bynthtcyjt lkz 

ctåz 

Cjtlbytyyst Infns – åjkmifz, hfpyjjåhfpyfz 

d utjuhfabxtcrjv b cjwbfkmyjv jnyjitybb 

cnhfyf. Ghbukfiftv dfc gjpyfrjvbnmcz c ytq. 

Vepsrfkmysq neh gj Fvthbrt 

Léjy Äldfhl Öfccb, ljrnjh yfer, rehfnjh 

yfwbjyfkmyjuj veptz fvthbrfycrjq bcnjhbb 

Vepsrf – eybdthcfkmysq zpsr; bpdtcnysq 

vepsrjdtl ghtlkfuftn jhufybpjdfnm dfie 

gjtplre d CIF c gjctotybtv cfvsö 

ghbvtxfntkmysv vtcn d bcnjhbb fvthbrfycrjq 

vepsrb. 

AJNJUFKTHTZ: CJRHJDBOF FVTHBRB 

Gjnftyyst ébdjgbcyst eujkrb. 

CNELTYNFV 

Djpvjéyjcnm gjkexbnm jåhfpjdfybt 

vbhjdjuj rkfccf b jlyjdhtvtyyj ukeåét 

epyfnm Cjtlbytyyst Infns 

Rfélsq ujl Fvthbrf hfleiyj jnrhsdftn ldthb 

vjkjltéb – cdsit gjkevbkkbjyf byjcnhfyysö 

cneltynjd ghbtpéfñn d cnhfye. 

Nfrjq ifyc htlrj dsgflftn d ébpyb: 

cbcntvf ghbtvf byjcnhfyysö cneltynjd 

d fvthbrfycrbt rjkktléb 

Ltqk Ufa, ukfdf Vtéleyfhjlysö 

cneltyxtcrbö ckeéå Fvthbrfycrjq 

fccjwbfwbb ghbtvysö rjvbccbq rjkktlétq 

Ärcgthn gj vtéleyfhjlyjve jåhfpjdfybñ 

pyfrjvbn c ghjwtlehjq ghbtvf d fvthbrfycrbt 

rjkktléb. 


 


37 

Dscitt jåhfpjdfybt d CIF: 

abyfycbhjdfybt 

Yäycb E. Rtntre, rjycekmnfyn gj djghjcfv 

jåhfpjdfybz d cnhfyfö Fahbrb, Ujcelfhcndtyysq 

ltgfhnfvtyn, Frrhf, Ufyf 

Eybrfkmyst jcjåtyyjcnb fvthbrfycrjuj 

jåhfpjdfybz: dscjrfz jnlfxf yf jåütv 

pfnhfxtyysö chtlcnd, cfvst hfpyjjåhfpyst 

cgjcjås abyfycbhjdfybz extås. 

53 

Jgsn ltkjdsö gjtpljr 

J cdjbö ytlfdybö gjtplrfö hfccrfpsdfñn ldjt 

herjdjlbntktq. 

¤ ≤Z dütpéfñ b dstpéfñ åtp ghjåktv≥ 

Rfhkjc Dfyyb, ≤Åfr Akjhblf Åäyr Y.F.≥, 

Cfynmzuj, Xbkb 

¤ ≤Åjkmit åtpjgfcyjcnb ghb vbybvevt 

yteljåcnd≥ 

41 

Cneltyxtcrbt ujls 

Nhjt byjcnhfyysö cneltynjd ltkzncz cdjbvb 

dgtxfnktybzvb jå extåt d Cjtlbytyysö Infnfö. 

¤ Htitybt, j rjnjhjv ds ybrjulf yt gjéfkttnt 

Ymzif Rfyufyuf, Pbvåfådt, cneltynrf Rjkktléf 

Ctyn-Rfnhby, Ctyn-Gjk, Vbyytcjnf 

¤ Ghtrhfcysq jgsn 

Fhyfå Åfce, Bylbz, fcgbhfyn eybdthcbntnf 

Rfhytub-Vtkkjyf, Gbnncåehu, Gtycbkmdfybz 

55 

56 

Lébvvb Xfy, ≤Fh-Létq-Gb Kbvbntl≥, Ujyrjyu 

LJGJKYBNTKMYFZ KBNTHFNEHF 

Åbåkbjuhfabz 

Htcehcs Bynthytnf 

¤ Dtkbrjktgyfz djpvjéyjcnm 

Gfdtk Htgmtdcrbq, Åtkfhecm, åsdibq cneltyn 

Bnfrf-rjkktléf, Ymñ-Qjhr 

DBLTJ D HTÉBVT JYKFQY 

Rfr pfybvfnmcz åbpytcjv 

44 

ÅBPYTCVTYFV 

Åbpytc d CIF ctujlyz – ghjåktvs 

ltkjdsö gjtpljr 

Ghtlcnfdbntkb ujcelfhcndtyysö jhufyjd b 

herjdjlbntkb xfcnysö ghtlghbznbq jåceélfñn, 

rfrbt ecbkbz ghbkfufñncz d gjcktlytt dhtvz 

lkz cjltqcndbz ltkjdsv gjtplrfv b hfpdbnbz 

rjvvthxtcrbö jåvtyjd. 

¤ Leukfc Åtqrth, gjvjoybr vbybcnhf njhujdkb 

gj djghjcfv caths eckeu; 

d CIF ctujlyz 

Lbcreccbz vtéle åbpytcvtyfvb b 

cjnhelybrfvb ujcelfhcndtyysö exhtéltybq 

¤ Cjdvtcnyfz hfåjnf, yfghfdktyyfz 

yf cjltqcndbt gjtplrfv 

¤ Djghjcs j dbpfö b dütplt d CIF 

¤ Rfr gjkexbnm ltkjdeñ dbpe 

¤ Rjulf dfv yeéyf gjvjom 

http://www.usinfo.state.gov/journals/ 

itps/0905/ijpe/ijpe0905.htm 

¤ Äkbpfåtn Lbrcjy, cjdtnybr gj djghjcfv 

bvvbuhfwbjyysö ckeéå d cnhfyfö vbhf, 

≤Byuthcjkk-Häyl≥ 

¤ Létybc Létqrjåc, pfvtcnbntkm gjvjoybrf 

Ujcelfhcndtyyjuj ctrhtnfhz gj djghjcfv dbpjdsö 

ckeéå; 

¤ Häyltk Léjycjy, dbwt-ghtpbltyn Njhujdjq 

gfkfns CIF; 

¤ Vfqrk Ytqafö, ukfdf gjlhfpltktybz 

Vbybcnthcndf dyenhtyytq åtpjgfcyjcnb, 

pfybvfñotujcz djghjcfv bvvbuhfwbjyyjq 

gjkbnbrb; 

¤ Fktrcfylth Atklvfy, Ujcelfhcndtyysq 

ltgfhnfvtyn, rjjhlbyfnjh Åñhj vtéleyfhjlysö 

byajhvfwbjyysö ghjuhfvv 


 

Ctynzåhm 2005 ujlf

Ljåhj gjéfkjdfnm d Cjtlbytyyst Infns 


Ujcelfhcndtyysq ltgfhnfvtyn CIF 


Tétujlyj d Fvthbre ghbtpéfñn vbkkbjys 

byjcnhfyysö ujcntq, b rfélsq gjctnbntkm, 

åelm jy nehbcn, xtkjdtr, cjdthifñobq ltkjdeñ 

gjtplre, bkb bvvbuhfyn, dyjcbn cdjq drkfl 

d rekmnehyeñ, jåhfpjdfntkmyeñ b ärjyjvbxtcreñ 

ébpym Fvthbrb. Hflf ghbdtncndjdfnm dctö yfibö 

ujcntq d Cjtlbytyysö Infnfö. 

Vs, fvthbrfyws, jxtym öjnbv, xnjås yfib byjcnhfyyst 

ujcnb bpexfkb yfie rekmnehe, pyfrjvbkbcm 

c fvthbrfywfvb b dbltkb yfie cnhfye. D hfdyjq 

vtht vs gjkys étkfybz epyfnm e yfibö ujcntq 

j åjufncndt b hfpyjjåhfpbb bö rekmneh, bcnjhbb, 

zpsrjd b bltq. 

Vs c Ghtpbltynjv Åeitv eåtéltys, xnj hfpdbnbt 

cdzptq vtéle hfpysvb cnhfyfvb, cdzptq, jgbhfñoböcz 

yf jåobt wtyyjcnb b jcyjdfyysö yf edfétybb 

b dpfbvjgjybvfybb, gjvjétn dctv yfv 

gjcnhjbnm vbh, d rjnjhjv åeltn åtpjgfcytt b kexit. 

Ctrhtn ecgtöf – yfkfébdfnm kbxyst rjynfrns b 

erhtgkznm dpfbvjgjybvfybt. 

Yf yfi dpukzl, nehbcnbxtcrbt gjtplrb b ghjuhfvvs 

jåvtyf vjuen gjkyjcnmñ bpvtybnm ghtlcnfdktybz 

kñltq j njq bkb byjq cnhfyt. Exfcnybrb vtéleyfhjlysö 

ghjuhfvv jåvtyf, rfr fvthbrfyws, nfr 

b byjcnhfyws, dyjdm b dyjdm hfccrfpsdfñn j njv, 

rfr änjn jgsn rjhtyysv jåhfpjv ghtjåhfpjdfk bö 

ébpym. 

Åelexb cnhfyjq bvvbuhfynjd, Cjtlbytyyst Infns 

dctulf hfleiyj ghbybvfñn ujcntq. Vs åeltv b 

dghtlm egjhyj hfåjnfnm yfl ntv, xnjås jåtcgtxbnm 

d yfibö uhfybwfö åtpjgfcyjcnm dctö kñltq – rfr 

ébntktq, nfr b nehbcnjd, b åeltv b dghtlm ljhjébnm 

åjufncndjv b hfpyjjåhfpbtv, rjnjhst ghbdyjczn 

yfib ujcnb d äne dtkbreñ cnhfye. ∆ 


 


Hfcibahjdrf dbpjdjuj rjlf 

Änf cnfnmz ckeébn herjdjlcndjv gj jcyjdfv dbpjdjuj ghjwtccf, ghbdjlbncz nfrét ukjccfhbq cgtwbfkmysö 

nthvbyjd, f åjrjdst dhtprb cjlthéfn byajhvfwbñ j åbjvtnhbb, yjdsö ghfdbkfö lkz gfccfébhjd b cnfnbcnbxtcrbt 

lfyyst j gjtplrfö d Cjtlbytyyst Infns. 

Rfr kñåjq 

ghbybvfñotq 

cnhfyt, 

Cjtlbytyysv Infnfv 

yeéyf åfpjdfz 

byajhvfwbz jå bö 

ujcnzö: rnj jyb, 

rjulf ghbåsdfñn 

b rjulf etlen. Äne 

byajhvfwbñ gjkexfñn 

ghb jajhvktybb 

dbp. Åjkmibycnde 

uhfélfy pfheåtéysö 

cnhfy lkz dütplf d 

CIF ytjåöjlbvs dbps, 

yj gjlfdkzñott 

åjkmibycndj kñltq, étkfñobö gjctnbnm Cjtlbytyyst 

Infns, bvtñn nfreñ djpvjéyjcnm. 

¤ D 2004 ujle gjxnb nhb xtndthnb dctö pfzdjr yf 

dbpe d CIF åskb eljdktndjhtys. Gj cneltyxtcrbv 

dbpfv ljkz gjkjébntkmysö htitybq 

tot dsit – jrjkj 80 ghjwtynjd. 

¤ Rhjvt njuj, d ghjikjv ujle yf 12 ghjwtynjd 

edtkbxbkjcm xbckj kñltq, cjdthifñobö ltkjdst 

b nehbcnbxtcrbt gjtplrb d Cjtlbytyyst 

Infns, f xbckj cneltynjd, ghbtpéfñobö yt d 

rfxtcndt bvvbuhfynjd, djphjckj yf 4 ghjwtynf. 

Dbps 

Dbpf – änj cdbltntkmcndj, gjpdjkzñott dfv gjghjcbnm 

dütpl d ghtltks cnhfys. Gj pfrjyjlfntkmcnde 

CIF pf dslfxe dbp jndtxftn Ujcelfhcndtyysq 

ltgfhnfvtyn. Jlby bp tuj rjycekmcrbö hfåjnybrjd, 

bpexbd dfib ljrevtyns b ghjdtlz rhfnrjt cjåtctljdfybt, 

htiftn, dghfdt kb ds gjkexbnm dbpe. Änf 

ghjwtlehs yfpsdftncz ≤dsytctybtv htitybz≥. Gj 

dctv dbpjdsv djghjcfv gjcktlytt ckjdj jcnftncz 

pf rjycekmcrbvb hfåjnybrfvb. 

Njxyj nfr ét rfr pfzdrf yt ufhfynbhetn gjkextybz 

dbps, cfvf dbpf yt ufhfynbhetn dütplf d Cjtlbytyyst 

Infns. Jyf kbim erfpsdftn yf nj, xnj rjycekmcrbq 

hfåjnybr hfccvjnhtk dfie pfzdre b jghtltkbk, xnj 

ds bvttnt ghfdj cjdthibnm gjtplre bp dfitq cnhfys 

d geyrn dütplf d CIF c rjyrhtnyjq wtkmñ. 

AP/WWP Ajnj Vfhcbj Öjct Cfyxtcf 

D geyrnt dütplf 

cjnhelybr bvvbuhfwbjyyjq 

ckeéås htiftn, 

hfphtibnm kb 

dfv dütöfnm d Cjtlbytyyst 

Infns. Njkmrj 

bvvbuhfwbjyysq 

bycgtrnjh Vbybcnthcndf 

dyenhtyytq åtpjgfcyjcnb 

CIF egjkyjvjxty 

hfphtibnm 

dfv dütpl. Jlyfrj 

yf ghfrnbrt gfccfébhe 

c ltqcndbntkmyjq 

dbpjq jnrfpsdfñn 

rhfqyt htlrj. 

Ghjwtlehf 

Xnjås gjkexbnm dbpe b dütöfnm d Cjtlbytyyst 

Infns, yflj yfxfnm c pfgjkytybz pfzdrb gj ajhvt 

DS-156 [http://evisaforms.state.gov]. Jåhfnbntcm d gjcjkmcndj 

CIF d dfitq cnhfyt [http://travel.state.gov/ 

travel/tips/embassies/embassies_1214.html] b ljujdjhbntcm 

j dcnhtxt. Ghbytcbnt cdjñ pfzdre, gfcgjhn, 

ajnjuhfabñ b gjlndthélfñobt ljrevtyns d 

gjcjkmcndj bkb rjycekmcndj, ult dfv pflflen 

djghjcs j wtkb dfituj dbpbnf. Ghb gjlfxt pfzdrb 

ds ljkéys nfrét egkfnbnm cåjh, d yfcnjzott dhtvz 

cjcnfdkzñobq 100 ljkkfhjd. Dbpf gjpdjkztn 

dfv ghbtöfnm d geyrn dütplf d CIF, ult bycgtrnjh 

tot hfp ghjdthbn ljrevtyns, cdzpfyyst c dfitq 

gjtplrjq, ghtélt xtv ghtljcnfdbnm dfv hfphtitybt 

yf dütpl d cnhfye. 

Gjckt nthfrnjd 11 ctynzåhz 2001 ujlf änf ghjcnfz 

ghjwtlehf vfkj bpvtybkfcm, öjnz d wtkzö erhtgktybz 

åtpjgfcyjcnb ghjbpjikb hfpkbxyst ghjwtlehyst 

bpvtytybz: 

¤ Dct veéxbys d djphfcnt jn 16 lj 45 ktn jåzpfys 

pfgjkyznm ljgjkybntkmyeñ ajhve DS-157, 

ult ljkéys ghbdjlbnmcz gjlhjåyst cdtltybz 

j ghtéybö gjtplrfö b cdzpzö c hfpkbxysvb 

jhufybpfwbzvb. Rjycekmcrbt hfåjnybrb vjuen 

ghtlkfufnm pfgjkybnm äne ajhve b lheubv pfzdbntkzv. 


 

Ctynzåhm 2005 ujlf

¤ Dct kbwf, ghbtpéfñobt yf extåe bkb gj jåvtye, 

ytpfdbcbvj jn bö uhfélfycndf, ljkéys pfgjkyznm 

ljgjkybntkmyeñ ajhve b pfxbckznmcz 

d cbcntve CTDBC (Byajhvfwbjyyeñ cbcntve 

gj cneltynfv b kbwfv, ghbtpéfñobv gj jåvtye) 

exhtéltybtv, jhufybpeñobv gjtplre. 

¤ Gjxnb dct kbwf, rjnjhsv nhtåetncz dbpf, 

ljkéys ghjqnb kbxyjt cjåtctljdfybt c rjycekmcrbv 

hfåjnybrjv. Ghtélt rjycekmcrbt 

hfåjnybrb vjukb jcdjåjélfnm pfzdbntktq jn 

nhtåjdfybz kbxyjuj ghbcencndbz, f ytrjnjhst 

nehbcnbxtcrbt futyncndf vjukb gjlfdfnm pfzdrb 

pf cdjbö rkbtynjd. Gjcrjkmre ntgthm ltkj 

jåcnjbn byfxt, pf gjcktlybt nhb ujlf Ujcelfhcndtyysq 

ltgfhnfvtyn 

pyfxbntkmyj edtkbxbk 

xbckj cdjbö rjycekmcrbö 

hfåjnybrjd b ecjdthitycndjdfk 

cbcntve 

yfpyfxtybz dcnhtx lkz 

cjåtctljdfybq. 

¤ Dytlhtys yjdst äktrnhjyyst 

cbcntvs lkz 

jåvtyf dbpjdsvb afqkfvb, 

byajhvfwbtq 

ghfdjjöhfybntkmysö 

jhufyjd b rjynhjkmysvb 

cgbcrfvb, f nfrét 

lkz jncktébdfybz pfxbcktybz cneltynjd d 

rjkktléb b eybdthcbntns. C 2004 ujlf pyfxbntkmyj 

ekexibkbcm ntöybxtcrbt chtlcndf, rjycjkblfwbz 

åfp lfyysö b bcghfdktybt cåjtd dj 

dctö änbö cbcntvfö, f pflthérb yfvyjuj cjrhfnbkbcm. 

¤ C 2004 ujlf gjcjkmcndfv gjhextyj ecrjhbnm 

jåhfåjnre dbp lkz cneltynjd b kbw, cjdthifñobö 

ltkjdst gjtplrb. D htpekmnfnt rjycekmcndf 

ecnfyjdbkb cgtwbfkmyst chjrb ghjdtltybz 

cjåtctljdfybq b ntgthm ghblfñn ghbjhbntnyjt 

pyfxtybt hfcgbcfybñ cjåtctljdfybq b jåhfåjnrt 

änbö dbp. 

¤ Cjtlbytyyst Infns b vyjubt lheubt cnhfys 

gthtöjlzn yf pfobotyyst vfibyjcxbnsdftvst 

dbps, gfcgjhnf b lheubt dütplyst b dstplyst 

ljrevtyns, cjlthéfobt wbahjdst ajnjuhfabb 

b åbjvtnhbxtcrbt lfyyst, d njv xbckt jngtxfnrb 

gfkmwtd. Yfghbvth, crfybhjdfybt gfkmwtd 

ghjbpdjlbncz d ghjwtcct gjlfxb pfzdrb yf 

dbpe b gjdnjhyj gj ghbåsnbb d Cjtlbytyyst 

Infns. 

¤ Byajhvfwbz j kbxyjcnb dctö gfccfébhjd ghtljcnfdkztncz 

d bvvbuhfwbjyyst ckeéås CIF 

dctvb rjvvthxtcrbvb celfvb b cfvjktnfvb gj 

genb d Cjtlbytyyst Infns. 

¤ Gfccfébhs, rjnjhsv lkz dütplf d CIF jåsxyj 

nhtåjdfkfcm ås dbpf, ntgthm ljkéys bvtnm 

tt, lfét tckb jyb ghjcnj cktleñn nhfypbnjv 

yf nhfycgjhnyjv chtlcndt, ltkfñotv jcnfyjdre 

d Cjtlbytyysö Infnfö gj genb d lheujq 

geyrn yfpyfxtybz. 

Nhtåjdfybz b cåjhs, cdzpfyyst c jajhvktybtv 

fvthbrfycrjq dbps, cöjéb c ntvb, rjnjhst ceotcndeñn 

d lheubö ltvjrhfnbxtcrbö cnhfyfö. Ytjåöjlbvjcnm 

gjkextybz dbps, dpbvftvst ljgjkybntkmyst 

cåjhs b ddjlbvst juhfybxtybz jcyjdfys yf ghbywbgt 

dpfbvyjcnb, nj tcnm cjjndtncndeñn nhtåjdfybzv, 

ghtlüzdkztvsv lheubvb cnhfyfvb r fvthbrfycrbv 

uhfélfyfv, étkfñobv gjåsdfnm nfv. 

Gkfybhjdfnm pfhfytt: 

chjrb jéblfybz 

Öjnz d chtlytv dhtvz, 

rjnjhjt ctqxfc eöjlbn yf gjkextybt 

dbps, pfvtnyj cjrhfnbkjcm, 

dct tot jxtym dféyj 

gkfybhjdfnm pfhfytt b ghbcnegfnm 

r jajhvktybñ pfzdrb 

yf dbpe chfpe, rfr njkmrj ds 

yfxbyftnt ujnjdbnmcz r gjtplrt. 

Yeéyj dhtvz, xnjås 

AP/WWP Ajnj Cnbdtyf Lé. Åjqnfyj pfgjkybnm ajhvs, cjåhfnm 

ljrevtyns, rjnjhst dfv yflj 

åeltn ghtlüzdbnm rjycekmcrjve hfåjnybre, b ljujdjhbnmcz 

j cjåtctljdfybb. 

Gjcrjkmre e dfc, rfr e rféljuj pfzdbntkz, cdjb 

jcjåst jåcnjzntkmcndf, ghjwtlehf b chjrb vjuen 

åsnm hfpysvb. Kbwf, étkfñobt exbnmcz bkb hfåjnfnm 

d Cjtlbytyysö Infnfö, yfghbvth, ljkéys 

pfgjkyznm ljgjkybntkmyst ajhvs b ghtlcnfdkznm 

åjkmit ljrevtynjd, xtv nehbcns. 

Chtlybt chjrb jéblfybz lj yfpyfxtybz dcnhtxb 

lkz cjåtctljdfybz njét hfpkbxfñncz gj cnhfyfv. 

Gjcjkmcndf CIF gjvtofñn cdtltybz j ghtlgjkfuftvsö 

chjrfö jéblfybz gj flhtce http://travel.state. 

gov/visa/temp/wait/tempvisitors_wait.php. Tckb ds cjdthiftnt 

gjtplre lkz extås bkb gj ltkfv, dszcybnt 

djpvjéyjcnb ecrjhtyyjuj yfpyfxtybz dcnhtxb. 

Ujcelfhcndtyysq ltgfhnfvtyn ndthlj yfcnhjty 

cltkfnm ghjwtlehe gjlfxb pfzdrb yf dbps åjktt zcyjq 

b gjyznyjq, b d rjywt änjuj éehyfkf ds yfqltnt 

ljgjkybntkmyst bcnjxybrb byajhvfwbb, rjnjhfz 

vjétn jnrfpfnmcz gjktpyjq lkz dfc. 


 


Cjåtctljdfybt 

Xhtpdsxfqyj dféyj öjhjij gjlujnjdbnmcz r dbpjdjve 

cjåtctljdfybñ. 

Ds ljkéys yt njkmrj ghbytcnb pfgjkytyyeñ ajhve 

pfzdrb, rdbnfywbñ jå egkfnt cåjhf, cdjq ltqcndbntkmysq 

gfcgjhn b ajnjuhfabñ, cjjndtncndeñoeñ 

jghtltktyysv rhbnthbzv, yj b ghtlcnfdbnm ljrevtyns, 

gjlndthélfñobt dfit yfvthtybt dthyenmcz yf 

hjlbye gjckt ghtåsdfybz d CIF. 

Tckb ds gjlftnt pfzdre yf cneltyxtcreñ dbpe, ds 

ljkéys nfrét bvtnm rdbnfywbñ jå egkfnt cåjhf gj 

ajhvt SEVIS I-901 [http://www.ice.gov/graphics/sevis/ 

i901/faq2.htm]. 

Rjycekmcrbq hfåjnybr ghjdtltn rjhjnrjt cjåtctljdfybt, 

d öjlt rjnjhjuj dfv åeltn ghtlkjétyj 

jåüzcybnm, gj rfrjq ghbxbyt ds étkftnt gjctnbnm 

Cjtlbytyyst Infns, b hfccvjnhbn dfib ljrevtyns. 

Rhjvt njuj, ldf dfibö erfpfntkmysö gfkmwf åelen 

crfybhjdfys cgtwbfkmysv åtcxthybkmysv wbahjdsv 

crfythjv d cjjndtncndbb c vthfvb ghtljcnjhjéyjcnb, 

ghtlecvjnhtyysvb ghjuhfvvjq CIF-DBPBN, f 

dfif kbxyjcnm åeltn cdthtyf c åfpfvb lfyysö, cjlthéfobvb 

bvtyf b jgbcfybz kñltq, rjnjhst yt bvtñn 

ghfdf yf dbps bkb xmb pfzdrb nhtåeñn ljgjkybntkmyjuj 

hfccvjnhtybz. 

D rjywt cjåtctljdfybz dfv cjjåofn, endthéltyf 

bkb jnrkjytyf dfif pfzdrf. Åjkmibycndj endthéltyysö 

dbp dslftncz d ntxtybt ytltkb. Jlyfrj byjulf 

gj cjjåhfétybzv åtpjgfcyjcnb yf ljgjkybntkmyeñ 

ghjdthre b htitybt djghjcf eöjlbn ytcrjkmrj ytltkm. 

Tckb dfv jnrféen d dbpt, ds dctulf vjétnt gjdnjhyj 

gjlfnm pfzdre c ljgjkybntkmysvb ljrevtynfvb, 

yj dczrbq hfp, ltkfz änj, dfv ghbltncz egkfxbdfnm 

ytdjpvtoftvsq dbpjdsq cåjh d hfpvtht 100 

ljkkfhjd. 

Jnrfps d dslfxt dbp 

Rjycekmcrbq hfåjnybr jåzpfy hfccvfnhbdfnm kbxyst 

jåcnjzntkmcndf rféljuj pfzdbntkz b cjjndtncndeñobv 

jåhfpjv ghbvtyznm bvvbuhfwbjyyst pfrjys 


Yfbåjktt hfcghjcnhfytyyjt jcyjdfybt lkz jnrfpf 

d dslfxt dbps – ytdjpvjéyjcnm ljrfpfnm, xnj dfib 

cdzpb cj cdjtq cnhfyjq yfcnjkmrj rhtgrb, xnj rhfqyt 

vfkjdthjznys dfib gjgsnrb ytktufkmyj jcnfnmcz d 

Cjtlbytyysö Infnfö. Nfrjq jnrfp jåsxyj jåjpyfxfñn 

yjvthjv 214(b). ≤Cdzpb≥ – änj hfpkbxyst fcgtrns 

dfitq ébpyb, cjtlbyzñobt dfc cj cnhfyjq, d 

rjnjhjq ds ébdtnt. Nhtåjdfybt ljrfpfnm, xnj e dfc 

tcnm vtcnj ébntkmcndf pf ghtltkfvb CIF b ds yt 

yfvthtys tuj gjrblfnm, ghtlecvjnhtyj fvthbrfycrbv 

pfrjyjlfntkmcndjv – Pfrjyjv jå bvvbuhfwbb b uhfélfycndt 

[http://www.ufafis.org/visa/visadenials.asp]. 

Ds vjétnt ghjltvjycnhbhjdfnm cdjt yfvthtybt 

dthyenmcz yf hjlbye, gjrfpfd, rfrbt afrnjhs pfcnfdzn 

dfc gjrbyenm Cjtlbytyyst Infns d rjywt dhtvtyyjuj 

ghtåsdfybz: hfåjnf bkb extåf d cdjtq cnhfyt; 

xktys ctvmb, tot ébdeobt nfv; pyfxbntkmyst 

bveotcndtyyst dkfltybz, nfrbt rfr ljv bkb ltymub 

yf cxtne d vtcnyjv åfyrt, b n.l. Ytn xtnrjuj gthtxyz 

ljrevtynjd, rjnjhst ds ljkéys ghtlcnfdbnm 

rjycekmcrjve hfåjnybre, bkb yfåjhf jåcnjzntkmcnd, 

rjnjhsq ufhfynbhetn dslfxe dbps, yj afrns gj dfitve 

ltke ljkéys åsnm eåtlbntkmysvb. Pfrjy yfkfuftn 

åhtvz ljrfpfntkmcndf dsgjkytybz nhtåjdfybz 

j ghjébdfybb pf ghtltkfvb CIF yf dfc. 

Tckb dfv jnrfpfyj d dbpt, gjcrjkmre ytdjpvjéyj 

ljrfpfnm, xnj ds dthytntcm ljvjq, f gjplytt dfib 

jåcnjzntkmcndf bpvtyzncz bkb ds cjåthtnt ljgjkybntkmyst 

ljrfpfntkmcndf cdjbö cdzptq, ds vjétnt 

gjlfnm pfzdre gjdnjhyj, yj c dfc åeltn tot hfp dpscrfy 

dbpjdjq cåjh. 

Rjycekmcrbt hfåjnybrb pyfñn j rekmnehysö b cjwbfkmysö 

jcjåtyyjcnzö, rjnjhst vjuen jghtltkznm 

cjlthéfybt cdzptq d hfpkbxysö cnhfyfö, b gjybvfñn, 

xnj e åjktt vjkjlsö pfzdbntktq vjukj yt åsnm 

djpvjéyjcnb cajhvbhjdfnm vyjuj cdzptq abyfycjdjuj 

öfhfrnthf. Ghb dsytctybt htitybq gj dbpfv jyb 

exbnsdfñn dct änb jåcnjzntkmcndf. 

Lheubt jcyjdfybz lkz jnrfpf d dslfxt dbps – 

yfkbxbt byatrwbjyyjuj pfåjktdfybz, rhbvbyfkmyjt 

ghjikjt bkb ghbxfcnyjcnm r nthhjhbcnbxtcrjq 

ltzntkmyjcnb. 

Ybét ghbdjlbncz hzl nthvbyjd, rjnjhst vjuen 

ghbujlbnmcz dfv ghb hfcibahjdrt dbpjdjuj rjlf. D 

rjywt rféljuj jghtltktybz lfñncz ccskrb yf åjktt 

gjlhjåyst jåüzcytybz. 


 

Ctynzåhm 2005 ujlf

AP/WWP Ajnj Cthutz Gjyjvfhtdf 

Ukjccfhbq dbpjdsö nthvbyjd 

Åbjvtnhbz: Åbjvtnhbxtcrbt gjrfpfntkb – änj chtlcndj ecnfyjdktybz kbxyjcnb gj 

åbjkjubxtcrbv öfhfrnthbcnbrfv, ghbceobv njkmrj lfyyjve xtkjdtre, d njv xbckt 

gj jngtxfnrfv gfkmwtd bkb crfybhjdfybñ ckjéysö epjhjd hfleéyjq jåjkjxrb 

ukfpf. 

Åbjvtnhbxtcrbt bltynbabrfnjhs pfobofñn dfc, gjcrjkmre rjve-nj lheujve åeltn 

rhfqyt nhelyj ≤ghbcdjbnm≥ dfie kbxyjcnm, lfét tckb dfib ljhjéyst ljrevtyns 

erhfltys bkb leåkbhjdfys. Jyb ufhfynbheñn, xnj kbwj, e rjnjhjuj yföjlbncz 

gfcgjhn bkb dbpf, zdkztncz bvtyyj ntv kbwjv, rjnjhjve jyf åskf dslfyf. 

[http://www.dhs.gov/dhspublic/display?content=4542] 

Rfhnjxrf gthtctxtybz uhfybws: Ljrevtyn j gthtctxtybb uhfybws vtéle Vtrcbrjq b 

CIF, gjpdjkzñobq tuj jåkflfntkñ kturj ghjöjlbnm xthtp gjuhfybxyst geyrns bvvbuhfwbjyyjuj 

rjynhjkz, dslftncz kbwfv, cjdthifñobv gjtplrb yf pfrjyysö jcyjdfybzö, 

b bcgjkmpetncz d rfxtcndt dbps B1/B2 (ltkjdfz/nehbcnbxtcrfz). Rfhnjxrf cjlthébn vyjuj 

chtlcnd pfobns b ltqcndetn 10 ktn. Xfcnj tt yfpsdfñn ≤kfpthyjq dbpjq≥. 

Tot lj nthfrnjd 2001 ujlf pfrjyjlfntkmcndj CIF ghtlecvfnhbdfkj, xnj dct Rfhnjxrb 

gthtctxtybz uhfybws ljkéys cjlthéfnm åbjvtnhbxtcrbq bltynbabrfnjh, d xfcnyjcnb, 

jngtxfnjr gfkmwf, b åsnm vfibyjcxbnsdftvsvb. Pfntv ghjuhfvvf c ghbvtytybtv 

Rfhnjxrb gthtctxtybz uhfybws cnfkf d CIF jåhfpwjv lkz gjcktleñobö åtpjgfcysö 

ghjwtleh dütplf b dstplf. 

[http://travel.state.gov/visa/immigrants/inao/inao_1336.html] 

AP/WWP Ajnj Åjååb Ähyfyltcf 

Äktrnhjyysq gfcgjhn (ä-gfcgjhn): Äktrnhjyysq gfcgjhn ghtlcnfdkztn cjåjq dscjrjntöyjkjubxysq 

vfibyjcxbnsdftvsq gfcgjhn, cjlthéfobq vbrhjcötve (xbg), 

rjnjhfz vjétn öhfybnm åbjuhfabxtcreñ b åbjvtnhbxtcreñ byajhvfwbñ j dfc d 

cjjndtncndbb c nhtåjdfybzvb Vtéleyfhjlyjq jhufybpfwbb JJY gj uhfélfycrjq 

fdbfwbb (BRFJ). Äktrnhjyysq gfcgjhn CIF åeltn cjlthéfnm njkmrj wbahjdjt 

bpjåhfétybt gjhnhtnf yjcbntkz xbgf fyafc. Änj bpjåhfétybt ghb chfdytybb c 

AP/WWP Ajnj Zyf Åfeähf afrnbxtcrbv yjcbntktv gj ntöyjkjubb kbwtdjuj hfcgjpyfdfybz åeltn yfltéysv 

chtlcndjv pfobns jn gjlltkrb gfcgjhnjd. 

Xbg, dcnhjtyysq d pflyññ jåkjére, åeltn nfrét cjlthéfnm åbjuhfabxtcrbt lfyyst, rjnjhst vjéyj 

chfdybnm c byajhvfwbtq, yföjlzotqcz yf cnhfybwt vfibyjcxbnsdftvjuj gfcgjhnf c åbjuhfabxtcrbvb lfyysvb, 

d rfxtcndt vths ghtljcnjhjéyjcnb ghjnbd kñåjq gjgsnrb bpvtybnm bö. Wbahjdfz gjlgbcm pfobnbn jn 

bpvtytybq öhfyzobtcz yf xbgt lfyyst. 

≤Evysq≥ xbg jcyjdfy yf ntöyjkjubb, rjnjhfz gjpdjkztn cxbnsdfnm lfyyst c hfccnjzybz d xtnsht lñqvf 

(10 cv) bkb åkbét. Xnjås bcrkñxbnm jgfcyjcnm nfqyjuj cyznbz lfyysö c xbgf, Cjtlbytyyst Infns drkñxfn 

d gfcgjhn pfobnyjt chtlcndj, rjnjhjt evtymibn euhjpe cyznbz lfyysö ghb pfrhsnjv gfcgjhnt. Cjtlbytyyst 

Infns nfrét cthmtpyj hfccvfnhbdfñn djghjc jå bcgjkmpjdfybb åfpjdjuj rjynhjkz ljcnegf lkz cjrhfotybz 

djpvjéyjcnb cyznbz bkb gthtödfnf lfyysö ghb cxbnsdfybb gfcgjhnf d geyrnfö dütplf. Åfpjdsq rjynhjkm ljcnegf 

gjöjé yf cbcntve c bcgjkmpjdfybtv gthcjyfkmyjuj bltynbabrfwbjyyjuj yjvthf GBY (PIN – Personal 

Identification Number) d njv, xnj jy nhtåetn cyfxfkf cxbnsdfnm cbvdjks c vfibyjcxbnsdftvjq pjys yf cnhfybwt 

lfyysö d gfcgjhnt, xnjås bvtnm ljcneg r lfyysv, cjlthéfobvcz yf xbgt. 

Cjtlbytyyst Infns yfvthtys ghbcnegbnm r dslfxt äktrnhjyysö gfcgjhnjd dj dctö cdjbö dyenhtyybö 

gfcgjhnysö ckeéåfö r 26 jrnzåhz 2006 ujlf b gjnhtåeñn, xnjås dct cnhfys, exfcndeñobt d Åtpdbpjdjq ghjuhfvvt, 

nfrét yfxfkb dslfdfnm äktrnhjyyst gfcgjhnf r änjve chjre. 

Tckb e dfc eét tcnm vfibyjcxbnsdftvsq gfcgjhn, dslfyysq d hfvrfö Åtpdbpjdjq ghjuhfvvs lj 26 jrnzåhz 

2006 ujlf, dfv yt yflj vtyznm tuj yf äktrnhjyysq gfcgjhn lj bcntxtybz chjrf tuj ltqcndbz. 

[http://www.cbp.gov/xp/cgov/import/commercial_enforcement/ctpat/fast/] 

Cdjåjlyfz b åtpjgfcyfz njhujdkz AFCN (FAST – Free and Secure Trade): Lkz ecrjhtybz åtpjgfcysö rjvvthxtcrbö 

gjtpljr xthtp uhfybws Cjtlbytyyst Infns, Vtrcbrf b Rfyflf exfcndeñn d äktrnhjyyjq ghjuhfvvt 

AFCN, rjjhlbybhez jåobt ghbywbgs eghfdktybz hbcrjv, åtpjgfcyjcnm cbcntv cyfåétybz, jnhfcktdst gfhnythcndf 

b gthtljdst ntöyjkjubb ljcvjnhf b ghjgecrf ltkjdsö uhepjd. 


 


Änf ljåhjdjkmyfz ghjuhfvvf, htfkbpetvfz ujcelfhcndtyysvb jhufyfvb b åbpytcjv, gjpdjkztn 

bpdtcnysv exfcnybrfv, yt cjplfñobv åjkmijuj hbcrf, d ecrjhtyyjv gjhzlrt ghjöjlbnm 

jåhfåjnre cdjbö uhepjd yf ceöjgenysö uhfybwfö gj cgtwbfkmyj jndtltyysv nhfycgjhnysv 

rjhbljhfv c vtytt nofntkmyjq ghjdthrjq, lfét d gthbjls ltqcndbz ghtleghtéltybq j dscjrjv 

hbcrt. Lkz exfcnbz d ghjuhfvvt uhepjdst vfibys ljkéys ghtljcnfdkznmcz endthéltyysv 

gthtdjpxbrjv, njdfhs ljkéys gjcnegfnm jn endthéltyyjuj bvgjhnthf, f djlbntkm 

ljkéty bvtnm ltqcndbntkmyjt rjvvthxtcrjt djlbntkmcrjt eljcnjdthtybt AFCN. 

Ajnj AP/WWP D Vtrcbrt ltqcndeñn ldf ljgjkybntkmysö nhtåjdfybz: njdfhs ljkéys åsnm bpujnjdktys 

endthéltyysv ghjbpdjlbntktv b ljkéys cjjndtncndjdfnm nhtåjdfybzv åtpjgfcyjuj jgtxfnsdfybz ghb gthtvtotybb 

xthtp crkfls, gjchtlybxtcrbt b lheubt cnhernehs. 

[http://www.dhs.gov/dhspublic/interapp/content_multi_image/content_multi_image_0021.xml] 

Vfibyjcxbnsdftvst gfcgjhnf: Vfibyjcxbnsdftvsq gfcgjhn 

ytjåöjlbv lkz dütplf d Cjtlbytyyst Infns åtp dbps, tckb 

ds zdkztntcm uhfélfybyjv jlyjq bp cnhfy, exfcndeñobö d Åtpdbpjdjq 

ghjuhfvvt. Änb gfcgjhnf cjlthéfn åbjuhfabxtcrbt 

lfyyst d ldeö cnhjrfö, cjlthéfobö ibah, gjpdjkzñobö nfvjétyybrfv 

b gjuhfybxybrfv åscnhj bltynbabwbhjdfnm dfc, 

bcgjkmpez äktrnhjyyjt cxbnsdfñott ecnhjqcndj. Lfyyst ghtlcnfdkzñn 

cjåjq ne ét byajhvfwbñ, rjnjhfz gtxfnftncz dyenhb 

jåsxyjuj gfcgjhnf: dfit bvz, gjk, lfne b vtcnj hjéltybz, 

yjvth gfcgjhnf, lfne tuj dslfxb b chjr ltqcndbz. Rhjvt njuj, 

vfibyjcxbnsdftvst gfcgjhnf cjjndtncndeñn cnfylfhnfv, ecnfyjdktyysv 

Vtéleyfhjlyjq jhufybpfwbtq JJY gj uhfélfycrjq 

fdbfwbb, d jnyjitybb hfpvthf gfcgjhnf, nhtåjdfybq r aj 

Ajnjuhfabz ghtljcnfdktyf Åñhj gj rjycekmcrbv djghjcfv 

njuhfabb b hfcgjkjétybb gjktq c lfyysvb. Vfibyjcxbnsdftvst gfcgjhnf gjpdjkzñn kbwfv, ghbtpéfñobv 

yf pfrjyysö jcyjdfybzö, åscnhj ghjöjlbnm ljcvjnh, jlyjdhtvtyyj ghtleghtélfz bvvbuhfwbjyysö bycgtrnjhjd 

j kbwfö, rjnjhst vjuen ghtlcnfdkznm gjntywbfkmyeñ euhjpe, gentv åscnhjuj chfdytybz pfibahjdfyyjq 

byajhvfwbb c åfpfvb lfyysö ghfdjjöhfybntkmysö jhufyjd. 

Tckb ds cjdthiftnt gjtplre d hfvrfö Åtpdbpjdjq ghjuhfvvs b ghbåsdftnt d Cjtlbytyyst Infns åtp 

vfibyjcxbnsdftvjuj gfcgjhnf bkb dbps, yt hfccxbnsdfqnt, xnj dfv hfphtifn dütöfnm d cnhfye. Afrnbxtcrb 

åtp vfibyjcxbnsdftvjuj gfcgjhnf dfv, crjhtt dctuj, yt hfphtifn lfét gjcflre d nhfycgjhnyjt chtlcndj, 

jnghfdkzñottcz d CIF. 

Tckb ds njxyj yt pyftnt, zdkztncz kb dfi gfcgjhn vfibyjcxbnsdftvsv, jåhfnbntcm d gfcgjhnyjt dtljvcndj 

cdjtq cnhfys. 

[http://www.dhs.gov/dhspublic/display?content=4499] 

YTRCEC: Kbwfv, xfcnj cjdthifñobv gjtplrb vtéle Cjtlbytyysvb Infnfvb b Rfyfljq, cktletn gjlevfnm 

j gjlfxt pfzdrb yf exfcnbt d ltqcndeñotq ghjuhfvvt YTRCEC, ghtlyfpyfxtyyjq lkz eghjotybz gthtctxtybq 

ceöjgenysö, djpleiysö b vjhcrbö uhfybw kbwfvb, cjdthifñobvb pfhfytt endthéltyyst b yt cdzpfyyst 

c åjkmibv hbcrjv gjtplrb vtéle ldevz cnhfyfvb. 

Pfzdbntkb ghjöjlzn cjåtctljdfybt, åbjvtnhbxtcrjt crfybhjdfybt b åbjuhfabxtcreñ ghjdthre. Yf drkñxtybt 

kbwf d ghjuhfvve ljkéys åsnm cjukfcys jåt cnhfys. Gjckt endthéltybz kbwfv, cjdthifñobv gjtplrb 

gj ghjuhfvvt YTRCEC, dslfñncz ajnjuhfabxtcrbt eljcnjdthtybz kbxyjcnb, gjpdjkzñobt bv åscnhj ghjöjlbnm 

ghjdthrb yf uhfybwt gj cgtwbfkmysv rjhbljhfv. 

Änf ljåhjdjkmyfz ghjuhfvvf ltqcndetn c 2002 ujlf. Ljcnfnjxyj jlyjq pfzdrb, xnjås dsgjkybnm fvthbrfycrbt 

b rfyflcrbt nhtåjdfybz gj pfxbcktybñ. Jlyfrj kbwf, cjdthifñobt gjtplrb d uheggfö, ljkéys pyfnm, 

xnj lkz gjkmpjdfybz kbybtq YTRCEC rfélsq exfcnybr cjdvtcnyjq gjtplrb ljkéty åsnm exfcnybrjv ghjuhfvvs. 

[http://www.cbp.gov/xp/cgov/travel/frequent_traveler/] 


 

Ctynzåhm 2005 ujlf

Ytbvvbuhfwbjyyfz dbpf: Rjulf ds étkftnt cjdthibnm 

gjtplre d Cjtlbytyyst Infns yf rjhjnrbq chjr 

– rfr nehbcn, gj ltkfv bkb lkz exfcnbz d extåyjq ghjuhfvvt, 

– ds gjgflftnt d rfntujhbñ ytbvvbuhfynjd. 

Cbcntvf htubcnhfwbb dütplf b dstplf d wtkzö yfwbjyfkmyjq 

åtpjgfcyjcnb (NSEERS – National Security 

Entry/Exit Registration System) – änj cgtwbfkmysq httcnh 

gjctnbntktq, yt zdkzñoböcz bvvbuhfynfvb, rjnjhst 

yf jcyjdt byajhvfwbb hfpdtlsdfntkmyjuj öfhfrnthf 

dspsdfñn gjdsityyeñ jpfåjxtyyjcnm c njxrb phtybz 

åtpjgfcyjcnb d cbke hfpkbxysö ghbxby. 

Ghjuhfvvf jåzpsdftn änbö gjctnbntktq gthbjlbxtcrb 

jnvtxfnmcz, xnjås gjlndthlbnm cdjt vtcnjyföjéltybt 

b gjrfpfnm, xnj jyb dsgjkyzñn eckjdbz, yf rjnjhsö 

bv åsk hfphtity dütpl d Cjtlbytyyst Infns, 

nfrbt rfr gjctotybt pfyznbq d ckexft ghbåsnbz gj 

cneltyxtcrjq dbpt, ytghbxfcnyjcnm r ghjnbdjghfdyjq 

ltzntkmyjcnb b/bkb cjåkñltybt chjrf ltqcndbz dbps. 

Änf ghjuhfvvf åskf ddtltyf gjckt nthfrnjd ctynzåhz 

2001 ujlf d rfxtcndt gthdjuj ifuf r hfphfåjnrt cbcntvs htubcnhfwbb gjctnbntktq, yt zdkzñoböcz bvvbuhfynfvb, 

ghb dütplt b dstplt. Ctqxfc, rjulf ltqcndeñn åfps lfyysö CTDBC b CIF-DBPBN, åjkmit yt 

ghbvtyztncz nhtåjdfybt gththtubcnhfwbb wtksö uhegg gjctnbntktq – yfghbvth, bp ytrjnjhsö cnhfy. Jlyfrj 

Vbybcnthcndj dyenhtyytq åtpjgfcyjcnb dct ét vjétn jåzpsdfnm kbw ghjöjlbnm d öjlt cdjtuj ghtåsdfybz 

ljgjkybntkmyst htubcnhfwbjyyst cjåtctljdfybz. 

[http://www.ice.gov/graphics/specialregistration/index.htm] 

Dpfbvyjcnm: Ytrjnjhst fcgtrns dbp – nfrbt, rfr cåjhs pf dslfxe dbp bkb ghjljkébntkmyjcnm chjrf ltqcndbz 

dbps, – jcyjdfys yf ghbywbgt dpfbvyjcnb. Nj tcnm Cjtlbytyyst Infns yfkfufñn nfrbt ét cåjhs b juhfybxtybz, 

rfrbt lheufz cnhfyf yfkfuftn yf uhfélfy CIF ghb dslfxt cdjbö dbp. 

Cnhfys xfcnj dvtcnt hfåjnfñn yfl ntv, xnjås ecnhfybnm åfhmths yf genb jåvtyf uhfélfyfvb. Yfghbvth, 

d 2005 ujle Rbnfq b Cjtlbytyyst Infns ljcnbukb ljujdjhtyyjcntq, gjpdjkzñobö cneltynfv, kbwfv, cjdthifñobv 

ltkjdst gjtplrb, b nehbcnfv, cjjndtncndeñobv ecnfyjdktyysv nhtåjdfybzv, gjkexfnm 12-vtczxyst 

dbps, gj rjnjhsv vjéyj vyjujrhfnyj dütpéfnm d cnhfye. Ghtélt ltqcndjdfkb cnfylfhnyst itcnbvtczxyst 

dbps c juhfybxtybtv yf xbckj dütpljd – yt åjktt ldeö. 

[http://travel.state.gov/visa/reciprocity/index.htm] 

Åtpjgfcyfz äktrnhjyyfz ctnm lkz åscnhjuj ljcvjnhf gfccfébhjd – CTYNHB (SENTRY – Secure Electronic 

Network for Travelers’ Rapid Inspection): Vtéleyfhjlyfz ceöjgenyfz uhfybwf 

vtéle Vtrcbrjq b Cjtlbytyysvb Infnfvb – cfvfz pfuheétyyfz d vbht. 

D 1995 ujle c wtkmñ cjrhfotybz dhtvtyb jéblfybz lkz kbw, xfcnj cjdthifñobö 

gjtplrb, åskb cjplfys cgtwbfkmyst rjhbljhs gj ghjuhfvvt CTYNHB. 

Gjckt nthfrnjd 2001 ujlf xbckj exfcnybrjd CTYNHB htprj djphjckj, b d 

jndtn ghfdbntkmcndj CIF ytlfdyj ghtlghbyzkj ifub gj ecrjhtybñ dytctybz 

AP/WWP Ajnj Lädblf Vjyf 

Jcyjdyst 

ytbvvbuhfwbjyyst dbps 

B-1 Dhtvtyysq gjctnbntkm d ltkjdsö wtkzö 

B-2 Dhtvtyysq gjctnbntkm lkz jnlsöf/nehbpvf 

F-1 Cneltyn extåyjuj pfdtltybz 

F-2 Cegheu (cegheuf) bkb htåtyjr gjctnbntkz 

c dbpjq F-1 

J-1 Gjctnbntkb gj jåvtye 

J-2 Cegheu (cegheuf) bkb htåtyjr gjctnbntkz 

c dbpjq J-1 

M-1 Exfobqcz d cbcntvt ghjbpdjlcndtyyjuj 

jåextybz bkb dyt extåysö pfdtltybq 

M-2 Cegheu (cegheuf) bkb htåtyjr gjctnbntkz 

c dbpjq M-1 

byajhvfwbb jå exfcnybrfö, ljåfdbd cjnhelybrjd, ghbvtybd yjdst ntöyjkjubb 

b ghjlkbd chjr exfcnbz d ghjuhfvvt c jlyjuj lj ldeö ktn. Kbwf, gjlfñobt 

pfzdrb, ljkéys ghtljcnfdkznm lkz ghtldfhbntkmyjuj ljcvjnhf äktrnhjyyst jngtxfnrb gfkmwtd b egkfxbdfnm 

cåjh pf ctåz, xktyjd cdjbö ctvtq b cdjb nhfycgjhnyst chtlcndj. Xnjås bcgjkmpjdfnm rjhbljh CTYNHB, d 

ghjuhfvve ljkéys åsnm drkñxtys nhfycgjhnyjt chtlcndj b dct, rnj d ytv yföjlbncz. 

[http://www.cbp.gov/xp/cgov/travel/frequent_traveler/sentri.xml] 

Byajhvfwbjyyfz cbcntvf gj cneltynfv b kbwfv, ghbtpéfñobv gj jåvtye – CTDBC (SEVIS – Student and 

Exchange Visitor Information System): Dct ghbåsdfñobt byjcnhfyyst cneltyns ljkéys htubcnhbhjdfnmcz ghbybvfñobvb 

bö extåysvb pfdtltybzvb d åfpt lfyysö CTDBC, cjlthéfotq byajhvfwbñ j cneltynfö b kbwfö, 


10 


ghbtpéfñobö d Cjtlbytyyst Infns gj jåvtye, ghtélt xtv jyb cvjuen gjkexbnm dbpe. Jcyjdfyyfz yf Bynthytnt 

cbcntvf, rjnjhfz d 2002 ujle pfvtybkf cnfheñ cbcntve, rjnjhfz jgthbhjdfkf ljrevtynfvb, jngtxfnfyysvb 

yf åevfut, gjpdjkztn extåysv pfdtltybzv CIF dtcnb njxyst b cdjtdhtvtyyst lfyyst jå byjcnhfyysö 

cneltynfö, kbwfö, ghbtpéfñobö gj jåvtye b bö bélbdtywfö b cjjåofnm äne byajhvfwbñ d htébvt htfkmyjuj 

dhtvtyb Vbybcnthcnde dyenhtyytq åtpjgfcyjcnb b Ujcelfhcndtyyjve ltgfhnfvtyne. Flvbybcnhfnbdyst 

aeyrwbb d jnyjitybb CTDBC jceotcndkzñncz Bvvbuhfwbjyyj-nfvjétyysv eghfdktybtv CIF, döjlzobv 

d cjcnfd Vbybcnthcndf dyenhtyytq åtpjgfcyjcnb CIF. 

[http://www.ice.gov/graphics/sevis/index.htm] 

Ntöyjkjubz jghtltktybz cnfnecf ghbtpébö b bvvbuhfynjd d Cjtlbytyysö 

Infnfö CIF-DBPBN (United States Visitor and Immigration Status Indicator 

Technology, US-VISIT): Änf fdnjvfnbpbhjdfyyfz cbcntvf dütplf b dstplf cjåbhftn 

åbjvtnhbxtcrbt lfyyst j ghbtpéfñobö, xnjås cjrhfnbnm hbcr vjityybxtcndf 

b yt gjpdjkbnm ghtcnegybrfv dütpéfnm d cnhfye. 

Dct kbwf, yt zdkzñobtcz bvvbuhfynfvb, d djphfcnt jn 14 lj 79 ktn, bvtñobt 

dbps – ytpfdbcbvj jn hfcjdjq, yfwbjyfkmyjq bkb htkbubjpyjq ghbyflktéyjcnb 

– exfcndeñn d ghjuhfvvt CIF-DBPBN, rfr b kbwf, cjdthifñobt 

gjtplrb d hfvrfö Åtpdbpjdjq ghjuhfvvs. 

Lkz åjkmibycndf kñltq, cjdthifñobö gjtplrb, ghjwtlehf yfxbyftncz c 

AP/WWP Ajnj Uhtujhb Cvbnrf 

dbpjdjuj cjåtctljdfybz d rjycekmcndt CIF, ult pfzdbntkm ljkéty ghtljcnfdbnm 

ajnjuhfabñ, cjjndtncndeñoeñ jghtltktyysv nhtåjdfybzv, b ghjqnb 

äktrnhjyyjt crfybhjdfybt ldeö erfpfntkmysö gfkmwtd. Rjulf jyb ghbåsdfñn d geyrn dütplf d CIF, lkz 

chfdybntkmyjq ghjdthrb ghtlcnjbn cltkfnm tot jlye wbahjdeñ ajnjuhfabñ b gjdnjhyjt crfybhjdfybt ldeö 

gfkmwtd. 

Rhjvt njuj, kbxyfz byajhvfwbz ghjöjlbn xthtp jåobt åfps lfyysö ghfdjjöhfybntkmysö jhufyjd lkz ghjdthrb 

gj eujkjdysv ljcmt, dsvsiktyysv bvtyfv b ghtleghtéltybzv bp rjynhjkmysö cgbcrjd, cdzpfyysö c 

nthhjhbpvjv. D änb åfps lfyysö drkñxftncz nfrét byajhvfwbz jå erhfltyysö bkb gjnthzyysö gfcgjhnfö. 

Gjxnb 30 vky. gfccfébhjd ghbyzkb exfcnbt d ghjuhfvvt CIF-DBPBN c ntö gjh, rfr jyf yfxfkf ltqcndjdfnm 

d 115 fähjgjhnfö, 13 vjhcrbö gjhnfö b 50 cfvsö pfuheétyysö ceöjgenysö gjhnfö d 2004 ujle. Vbybcnthcndj 

dyenhtyytq åtpjgfcyjcnb, rjnjhjt htfkbpetn äne ghjuhfvve, gkfybhetn dytlhbnm dütplyst ghjwtlehs 

dj dctö jcnfkmysö ceöjgenysö gjhnfö r rjywe 2005 ujlf b d yfcnjzott dhtvz jnhfåfnsdftn gjljåyst dstplyst 

ghjwtlehs d 12 fähjgjhnfö b ldeö vjhcrbö gjhnfö. 

CIF-DBPBN yt njkmrj erhtgkztn åtpjgfcyjcnm rféljuj, yj b gjpdjkztn bvvbuhfwbjyysv bycgtrnjhfv 

åscnhj jghtltkznm b ghbybvfnm kbw, ghbtpéfñobö d Cjtlbytyyst Infns yf pfrjyysö jcyjdfybzö. 

Åjkmibycndj vtrcbrfywtd b rfyflwtd exfcndeñn d lheubö dütplysö b dstplysö ghjuhfvvfö b jcdjåjélfñncz 

jn pfxbcktybz d ghjuhfvve CIF-DBPBN. 

[http://www.dhs.gov/dhspublic/interapp/editorial/editorial_0525.xml] 

[http://www.dhs.gov/dhspublic/interapp/content_multi_image/content_multi_image_0006.xml] 

[http://www.dhs.gov/dhspublic/interapp/editorial/editorial_0435.xml (Vyjujzpsxyst dbltjvfnthbfks b åhjiñhs)] 

[CIF-DBPBN ifu pf ifujv: herjdjlcndj gj dütple (PDF, 1 cnh., 609 KB)] 

[CIF-DBPBN ifu pf ifujv: herjdjlcndj gj dstple (PDF, 1 cnh., 768 KB)] 

Åtpdbpjdfz ghjuhfvvf (Visa Waiver Program, VWP): Åtpdbpjdfz ghjuhfvvf åskf ddtltyf d 1986 ujle lkz jåktuxtybz 

gjtpljr lkz kbw bp cnhfy, rjnjhst zdkzñncz cjñpybrfvb CIF. Jyf gjpdjkztn kbwfv, cjdthifñobv 

ltkjdst b nehbcnbxtcrbt gjtplrb d Cjtlbytyyst Infns vtytt xtv yf 90 lytq, dütpéfnm d cnhfye åtp 

dbp. Yt dct cjñpybrb CIF exfcndeñn d ghjuhfvvt, f d pfdbcbvjcnb jn wtkb gjtplrb b ñhblbxtcrbö pfghtnjd 

yf bö ljgecr d Cjtlbytyyst Infns yt dct uhfélfyt cnhfy, döjlzobö d Åtpdbpjdeñ ghjuhfvve, bvtñn 

ghfdj exfcndjdfnm d änjq ghjuhfvvt. 

D Åtpdbpjdjq ghjuhfvvt exfcndeñn 27 cnhfy: Fdcnhfkbz, Fdcnhbz, Fyljhhf, Åtkmubz, Åheytq, Dtkbrjåhbnfybz, 

Uthvfybz, Lfybz, Bhkfylbz, Bckfylbz, Bcgfybz, Bnfkbz, Kböntyintqy, Kñrctvåehu, Vjyfrj, Yblthkfyls, 

Yjdfz Ptkfylbz, Yjhdtubz, Gjhneufkbz, Cfy-Vfhbyj, Cbyufgeh, Ckjdtybz, Abykzylbz, Ahfywbz, Idtqwfhbz, 

Idtwbz b Zgjybz. 

Ytrjnjhst kbwf, cjdthifñobt gjtplrb bp Vtrcbrb, Rfyfls b c Åthvelcrbö jcnhjdjd, dütpéfñn d Cjtlbytyyst 

Infns åtp dbp, yj yt d hfvrfö Åtpdbpjdjq ghjuhfvvs, f yf lheujv ñhblbxtcrjv jcyjdfybb. Gfcgjhn 


11 

Ctynzåhm 2005 ujlf

yst nhtåjdfybz ghb gjtplrfö d hfvrfö Åtpdbpjdjq ghjuhfvvs yt hfcghjcnhfyzñncz yf kbw, ghbtpéfñobö bp 

Vtrcbrb, Rfyfls b c Åthvelcrbö jcnhjdjd. 

Lkz exfcnbz d änjq ghjuhfvvt cnhfyf ljkéyf dsgjkybnm pfrjyjlfntkmyst nhtåjdfybz, drkñxfñobt d 

ctåz, chtlb ghjxtuj, ghtljcnfdktybt dpfbvyjuj ghfdf yf åtpdbpjdst gjtplrb uhfélfyfv CIF, bpujnjdktybt 

vfibyjcxbnsdftvsö gfcgjhnjd, åscnhst cjjåotybz j rhféfö gfcgjhnjd, jnrfp d dslfxt fvthbrfycrbö dbp 

ybét 3 ghjwtynjd, ybprbq ehjdtym yfheitybz chjrjd ghtåsdfybz b bvvbuhfwbjyyjuj pfrjyjlfntkmcndf uhfélfyfvb 

änjq cnhfys. Rhjvt njuj, cnhfys ljkéys jceotcndkznm åbjvtnhbxtcreñ gfcgjhnyeñ ghjuhfvve b 

bvtnm djpvjéyjcnm ghjltvjycnhbhjdfnm dscjreñ pfobotyyjcnm ljrevtynjd b uhfybw, étcnrbq bvvbuhfwbjyysq 

rjynhjkm b cjnhelybxtcndj ghfdjjöhfybntkmysö jhufyjd, xnjås bö exfcnbt d ghjuhfvvt yt euhjéfkj 

bynthtcfv CIF d jåkfcnb åtpjgfcyjcnb b ghfdjgjhzlrf. 

Kbwf, cjdthifñobt gjtplrb d hfvrfö Åtpdbpjdjq ghjuhfvvs, ljkéys bvtnm vfibyjcxbnsdftvst gfcgjhnf, 

f d pfdbcbvjcnb jn njuj, rjulf bv åskb dslfys gfcgjhnf, vjuen nfrét åsnm jåzpfys bvtnm åbjvtnhbxtcrbt 

gfcgjhnf c wbahjdsvb ajnjuhfabzvb bkb äktrnhjyyst gfcgjhnf. Ghbtpéfñobt d hfvrfö Åtpdbpjdjq ghjuhfvvs 

ghjöjlzn ljcvjnh gthtl ljgecrjv d Cjtlbytyyst Infns b exfcndeñn d ghjuhfvvt CIF-DBPBN. 

[http://www.travel.state.gov/visa/temp/without/without_1990.html#1] 

Bybwbfnbds lkz kbw, cjdthifñobö gjtplrb d Pfgflyjv gjkeifhbb: Gjlfdkzñott åjkmibycndj kñltq, 

ghbåsdfñobö d Cjtlbytyyst Infns yt c wtkmñ bvvbuhfwbb, ghböjlbncz yf ljkñ yfibö cjctltq c ctdthf b 

ñuf – Rfyfls b Vtrcbrb. D ghjikjv yfib jnyjitybz c änbvb cnhfyfvb b c Åthvelcrbvb jcnhjdfvb gjpdjkzkb 

jceotcndkznm cgtwbfkmyst åtcgfcgjhnyst, åtpdbpjdst bkb byst ghjuhfvvs gj gthtctxtybñ uhfybw. 

Jlyfrj d yjdsö eckjdbzö åtpjgfcyjcnb dct änb uhfélfyt, drkñxfz yfibö cjåcndtyysö, d rjytxyjv cxtnt, 

ljkéys åelen bvtnm ltqcndbntkmyst gfcgjhnf bkb byst pfobotyyst eljcnjdthtybz kbxyjcnb lkz dütplf 

bkb djpdhfotybz d Cjtlbytyyst Infns bp kñåjq cnhfys Pfgflyjuj gjkeifhbz. Gjtplrb vtéle Cjtlbytyysvb 

Infnfvb b bö nthhbnjhbzvb yt pfnhfubdfñncz yjdsv pfrjyjv. 

Gjcrjkmre jåütv gjtpljr vtéle änbvb cnhfyfvb cnjkm dtkbr, yjdst nhtåjdfybz åelen ddjlbnmcz gjänfgyj 

cjukfcyj cktleñotve ghtlkfuftvjve uhfabre: 

¤ 31 ltrfåhz 2006 ujlf – Gfcgjhn bkb byjq ljrevtyn, ghtlüzdktybt rjnjhjuj jabwbfkmyj ljgecrftncz, 

åeltn nhtåjdfnmcz lkz dctö gjtpljr gj djpleöe b vjhñ d cktleñobt cnhfys b bp ybö: Vtrcbrf, Rfyflf, 

Åthvelcrbt jcnhjdf, f nfrét cnhfys Wtynhfkmyjq b Ñéyjq Fvthbrb b Rfhbåcrjuj åfcctqyf; 

¤ 31 ltrfåhz 2007 ujlf – Gfcgjhn bkb byjq ljrevtyn, ghtlüzdktybt rjnjhjuj jabwbfkmyj ljgecrftncz, 

åeltn nhtåjdfnmcz yf dctö djpleiysö, vjhcrbö b ceöjgenysö gjuhfybxysö geyrnfö ghb dütplt d Cjtlbytyyst 

Infns bp cnhfy Pfgflyjuj gjkeifhbz. 

Rfrbt lheubt ljrevtyns vjuen ghbybvfnmcz? D yfcnjzott dhtvz Cjtlbytyyst Infns ghtlkfufñn pfobotyyst 

ljhjéyst ghjgecrf gj ghjuhfvvfv CTYNHB, YTRCEC, AFCN b Rfhnjxrb gthtctxtybz uhfybws 

(vtéle CIF b Vtrcbrjq) b bcgjkmpeñn yjdst ntöyjkjubb, hfåjnfz yfl cjplfybtv lheubö dfhbfynjd ljrevtynjd. 

Kbwf, cjdthifñobt gjtplrb vtéle cnhfyfvb Pfgflyjuj gjkeifhbz, ljkéys gjybvfnm, xnj rfhnjxrb cjwbfkmyjuj 

cnhföjdfybz b djlbntkmcrbt ghfdf åjkmit yt zdkzñncz ghbtvktvsvb ljrevtynfvb, pfvtyzñobvb 

gfcgjhn ghb dütplt d Cjtlbytyyst Infns. 

Cktletn jnvtnbnm tot jlby vjvtyn: kbw, cjghjdjélfñobö ltntq – vfnthtq, tckb jyb cktleñn åtp jnwf 

ltntq, jnwjd, tckb jyb cktleñn åtp vfnthb ltntq, åfåeitr, ltleitr bkb jgtreyjd – vjuen gjghjcbnm ghtlüzdbnm 

kbåj jgtreycrjt cdbltntkmcndj, kbåj yjnfhbfkmyj pfdthtyyjt gbcmvj jncencndeñotuj hjlbntkz c hfphtitybtv 

yf gthtdjpre ltntq xthtp uhfybws d Pfgflyjv gjkeifhbb. Änj nhtåjdfybt gjzdbkjcm dcktlcndbt 

vtéleyfhjlyjq jpfåjxtyyjcnb d cdzpb c gjöbotybzvb ltntq. Rhjvt njuj, tckb dfv vtymit 18 ktn b ds cjdthiftnt 

gjtplre cfvjcnjzntkmyj, ghb dfc ljkéyj åsnm gbcmvj jlyjuj bp hjlbntktq bkb jgtreyf c hfphtitybtv 

yf dfie gjtplre pf uhfybwe. Åtp nfrbö ljrevtynjd d geyrnt dütplf d CIF djpvjéys pflthérb. 

[http:www.cbp.gov/xp/cgov/travel/vacation/kbyg/west_hem_init] ∆ 


12 

Ctynzåhm 2005 ujlf

Ghjuhtcc d åbjvtnhbb: 

jn wdtnf ukfp lj crfybhjdfybz 

Ckjdj ≤åbjvtnhbz≥ xfcnj gjybvfñn 

ytghfdbkmyj. Jyj jpyfxftn dctuj 

kbim bpvthztveñ åbjkjubxtcreñ öfhfrnthbcnbre, 

rjnjhfz vjétn bcgjkmpjdfnmcz 

lkz fdnjvfnbpbhjdfyyjuj hfcgjpyfdfybz. 

Hfyybt ytfdnjvfnbpbhjdfyyst ghtlitcndtyybrb 

åbjvtnhbxtcrbö gjrfpfntktq bcgjkmpjdfkbcm 

d ljhjéyst ljrevtynfö jxtym 

lfdyj. 

Gj rhfqytq vtht, tot d 1700-t ujls celjdst 

ltrkfhfwbb d jåzpfntkmyjv gjhzlrt 

abrcbhjdfkb d gbcmvtyyjv dblt nfrbt cdtltybz, 

rfr djphfcn, hjcn, dtc, wdtn ukfp, jcjåst 

ghbvtns b rjvgktrwbz, lkz jgbcfybz 

rféljuj gfccfébhf. C gjzdktybtv ajnjuhfabb 

d 1800-t ujls – b wdtnyjq ajnjuhfabb 

d 1900-t – jyf pfvtybkf vyjubt bp änbö åjktt 

ghbvbnbdysö cgjcjåjd jgbcfybz b cnfkf 

cfvsv hfcghjcnhfytyysv cgjcjåjv bltynbabrfwbb 

gfccfébhjd. 

Nfr xnj yt ghböjlbncz elbdkznmcz, xnj c 

gjzdktybtv tot åjktt ckjéysö ntöyjkjubq 

fdnjvfnbpbhjdfyyst åbjvtnhbxtcrbt bylbrfnjhs 

ghbikb yf cvtye änbv ghtlitcndtyybrfv 

d rfxtcndt jåotghbyznjq yjhvs – jcjåtyyj 

d ägjöe yjdsö euhjp. 

Wbahjdst ajnjuhfabb gjpdjkzñn jnjåhféfnm 

rjynehs kbwf b cnhjtybt rjéb. Crfybhjdfybt 

ukfpf bpvthztn epjh hfleéyjq 

jåjkjxrb, eybrfkmysq lkz rféljuj xtkjdtrf, 

f cyznbt jngtxfnrjd gfkmwtd åjkmit yt 

cdzpfyj c bcgjkmpjdfybtv dfkbrf, vjrhjq 

rhfcrb b rfhnjxtr lkz cybvftvsö jngtxfnrjd. 

Ds ghjcnj gjvtoftnt erfpfntkmyst 

gfkmws yf äktrnhjyyst xbnfñobt ecnhjqcndf, 

b ghjdthrf dfitq kbxyjcnb ghjbcöjlbn 

åscnhj. 

AP/WWP Ajnj Xfrf Cnelb 

Cjtlbytyyst Infns lfktrj yt jlbyjrb d 

gkfyfö bcgjkmpjdfnm åbjvtnhbxtcrbt öfhfrnthbcnbrb 

d ljhjéysö ljrevtynfö – xktys 

Tdhjgtqcrjuj cjñpf b Fccjwbfwbb cnhfy 

Ñuj-Djcnjxyjq Fpbb ghtlghbybvfñn nfrbt 

ét ifub, xnjås cltkfnm vtéleyfhjlyst 

gjtplrb åjktt åtpjgfcysvb lkz dctö. 

[http://travel.state.gov/visa/immigrants/info/info_ 

1336.html] 


13 

Ctynzåhm 2005 ujlf

Nhtåjdfybz r ajnjuhfabb yf dbpe 

Ghb gjlfxt pfzdrb yf dbpe ds ljkéys ghbytcnb yf cjåtctljdfybt 

jlye ytgjlgbcfyyeñ ajnjuhfabñ, rjnjhfz ljkéyf 

cjjndtncndjdfnm jghtltktyysv rhbnthbzv: 

51mm 

28.6 mm 

to 35 mm 

51mm 

25.4 mm 

to 35 mm 

¤ Jyf ljkéyf åsnm cltkfyf d ntxtybt gjcktlybö itcnb vtczwtd b ljkéyf ghtlcnfdkznm 

cjåjq jhbubyfk. Ajnjrjgbb bkb jncrfybhjdfyyst wbahjdsv cgjcjåjv cybvrb 

yt ghbybvfñncz. 

¤ Jyf vjétn åsnm wdtnyjq bkb xthyj-åtkjq, yj yt vjétn åsnm gjlrhfityyjq. 

¤ Ajnjuhfabz ljkéyf åsnm rdflhfnyjq, hfpvthjv 51 ö 51 vv, c kbwjv d wtynht b hfccnjzybtv 

jn dthöf ujkjds lj ybpf gjlåjhjlrf yt vtytt 25,4 vv b yt åjktt 35 vv. 

Hfccnjzybt jn ybéytq uhfybws cybvrf lj ukfp ljkéyj cjcnfdkznm jn 28,6 lj 35 vv. 

¤ Ajnjuhfabz ljkéyf ghtlcnfdkznm cjåjq xtnrjt bpjåhfétybt fyafc dctuj kbwf c 

jnrhsnsvb ukfpfvb b ghzvsv dpukzljv d rfvthe yf åtkjv bkb åtkjdfnjv ajyt. 

¤ Yt yfltdfqnt ghb cütvrt ntvyst jxrb, tckb e dfc ytn cghfdrb j njv, xnj jyb ytjåöjlbvs 

dfv gj vtlbwbycrbv cjjåhfétybzv. Tckb ds yjcbnt jåsxyst jxrb, ds vjétnt 

bö yt cybvfnm, yj yf ajnjuhfabb ljkéys åsnm dblys ukfpf. 

¤ Lkz ajnjuhfabb jltymntcm d jåsxyeñ gjdctlytdyeñ jltéle. Yt yfltdfqnt ikzge 

bkb byjq ujkjdyjq eåjh. Ytrjnjhst bcrkñxtybt vjuen ltkfnmcz lkz htkbubjpyjuj 

jltzybz, yj ybxnj yt ljkéyj crhsdfnm yb jlyjq xfcnb kbwf. 

Åjktt gjlhjåyeñ byajhvfwbñ vjéyj yfqnb yf cfqnt gjcjkmcndf CIF d dfitq cnhfyt 

[http://usinfo.state.gov/usinfo/US_Embassies.html]. 


14 

Ctynzåhm 2005 ujlf

Hfpenmcz, dskjébnm jheébt? 

Yjdst ghfdbkf lkz gfccfébhjd 

Tckb pf gjcktlybt ytcrjkmrj ktn ds öjnz ås hfp cjdthifkb 

gjtplre, ds yfdthyzrf eét cnjzkb d jxthtlzö 

yf ljcvjnh, gjrf dfi åfufé ghjcdtxbdftncz htynutyjv, 

ds b dfib gjgenxbrb vyjujrhfnyj ghtlüzdkzkb cdjb 

eljcnjdthtybz kbxyjcnb, dsrkflsdfkb bp gjhnatktq b 

jnrkñxfkb cjnjdst ntktajys b yjenåerb, dsybvfkb bp 

rfhvfyjd vjytns b rkñxb, cybvfkb jåedm, htvyb b lhfujwtyyjcnb, 

f pfntv cnjzkb c dsnzyensvb herfvb b yjufvb, 

gjrf gj dctve dfitve ntke djlbkb äktrnhjyysv lfnxbrjv 

– djpvjéyj, lkz njuj, xnjås jghtltkbnm, gjxtve 

pdtytkj, rjulf ds ghjöjlbkb xthtp vtnfkkjbcrfntkm. 

Gjvybnt: D änj dhtvz cnjbn cjöhfyznm xedcndj ñvjhf, 

yj yt cnjbn ienbnm. 

Htgkbrb jå jheébb, åjvåfö, yjéfö, eujyfö b tot xtvkbåj 

cdzpfyyjv c nthfrnfvb, jn rjnjhsö gjubåkb nsczxb 

yb d xtv yt gjdbyysö gfccfébhjd, åelen djcghbyzns dcthmtp. 

D kexitv ckexft dfc pflthéfn – tldf kb ghbznyj c 

änjuj yfxbyfnm cdjt gentitcndbt. 

Dféyj pfhfytt ghbåsnm d vtcnj jnghfdktybz. Jåsxyjt 

ghfdbkj – jn gjkenjhf lj ldeö xfcjd. Ghb gjtplrfö pf 

heåté jåsxyj ghjöjlzn nhb jxthtlb – yf htubcnhfwbñ, 

yf ghjdthre pfhtubcnhbhjdfyyjuj åfuféf b yf kbxysq ljcvjnh. 

Tckb ds jgfplsdftnt yf cfvjktn, dfc d änbö jxthtlzö 

yt ghjgecnzn dgthtl. 

Xnjås e dfc b e ntö, rnj cnjbn d jxthtlb pf dfvb, ltkf 

ikb åscnhtt, bcgjkmpeqnt cktleñobt gjlcrfprb: 

¤ Ghjxbnfqnt cgbcjr hfphtityysö b pfghtotyysö 

ghtlvtnjd: http://www.tsa.gov/public/interapp/editorial/ 

editorial_1012.xml. Rfrbt-nj dtob, rjnjhst ytkmpz åhfnm 

d hexyeñ rkflm, vjéyj gthtdjpbnm d pfhtubcnhbhjdfyyjv 

åfufét. Ytn, dfib vfybrñhyst obgxbrb ybrnj e 

dfc yt jnåthtn. 

¤ Lthébnt gjl herjq gfcgjhn b gjcfljxysq nfkjy. Änb 

ljrevtyns e dfc cghjczn yt jlby hfp, gjänjve ytn 

cvsckf erkflsdfnm bö yf cfvjt lyj yfåbnjuj gjhnvjyt 

bkb ljhjéyjq cevrb. 

¤ Dfif jltélf lkz vtéleyfhjlyjuj htqcf vjétn gjdkbznm 

yf nj, rfr åscnhj ds ghjqltnt ghjdthre. Yf neakb 

c njkcnsvb gjljidfvb bkb vtnfkkbxtcrbvb rhtgktybzvb 

vjétn chtfubhjdfnm vtnfkkjbcrfntkm. Gjcrjkmre 

dfc vjuen gjghjcbnm hfpenmcz, ckjéyst iyehrb, lkbyyst 

hzls ghzétr bkb lheubö pfcntétr, yf rjnjhst eöjlbn 

dhtvz, rjulf cybvftim b yfltdftim neakb, pflthéfn 

jxthtlm. Ghtlecvjnhbntkmyst gfccfébhs yfltdfñn 

jåedm åtp iyehjdrb, d rjnjhjq r njve ét eljåyj yjufv 

d ljkubö vtéleyfhjlysö htqcfö. 

¤ Öjnz dfc yt åelen ghjcbnm hfpltnmcz (pf bcrkñxtybtv 

rehnjr, gbléfrjd b åktqpthjd), yf jltéle c vtnfkkbxtcrbvb 

geujdbwfvb b ghzérfvb zdyj chfåjnftn 

cbuyfkbpfwbz, b ghbltncz dfc ≤ghjoegfnm≥ hexysv vtnfkkjbcrfntktv, 

f ghb änjv dct åelen nthznm dhtvz. Yfltdfqnt 

eljåyeñ jltéle c vbybvfkmysv rjkbxtcndjv 

vtnfkkbxtcrbö pfcntétr. 

¤ Yt pfåsdfqnt j njv, xnj dfv ghbltncz cyznm vyjubt bp 

erhfitybq, tckb jyb cjlthéfn vtnfkk, f nfrét dskjébnm 

bp rfhvfyjd vjytns, rkñxb, cjnjdst ntktajys b 

AP/WWP Ajnj Cnñfhnf A. Öfecf 

lheubt rhegyst ghtlvtns. Cbuyfkbpfwbz vjétn chfåjnfnm 

lfét yf gjkyeñ gfxre cbufhtn. Dhtvz eöjlbn yf 

nj, xnjås cyznm bpltkbz, f gjnjv yfltnm jåhfnyj, jgecnjibnm 

dct rfhvfys b dyjdm bö yfgjkybnm. Jltdfqntcm 

cjjndtncndeñobv jåhfpjv. Tckb e dfc d rfhvfyfö vyjuj 

ghtlvtnjd, ckjébnt bö d ghjphfxysq gkfcnbrjdsq 

gfrtn, xnjås chfpe ghtlüzdbnm bö b yt jökjgsdfnm ctåz 

ytcrjkmrj hfp, rjulf dfib gjgenxbrb gjukzlsdfñn yf 

xfcs. Tot kexit gjkjébnm änjn gfrtn d hexyeñ rkflm 

b ljcnfnm tuj gjckt ghjöjéltybz ljcvjnhf. 

¤ Wtyyjcnb b öhegrbt ghtlvtns, nfrbt rfr ñdtkbhyst 

bpltkbz, ltymub, rfvths b gjhnfnbdyst rjvgmñnths, 

gjvtofqnt njkmrj d hexyeñ rkflm. Tckb ds åthtnt d 

gjtplre yjenåer, gjvybnt, xnj dfv ghbltncz dsyenm tuj 

bp xtökf b drkñxbnm lkz bycgtrnjhjd. Nj ét cfvjt dfc 

vjuen gjghjcbnm cltkfnm b c lheubvb äktrnhjyysvb 

ecnhjqcndfvb. 

¤ Dct yt ghjzdktyyst gktyrb gjkjébnt d hexyeñ rkflm, 

gjnjve xnj jåjheljdfybt lkz ljcvjnhf htubcnhbhetvjuj 

åfuféf vjétn bö gjdhtlbnm. Yt nzybnt dhtvz, gsnfzcm 

bö yfqnb b dsnfobnm bp xtvjlfyf ghzvj d jxthtlb. 

¤ Yt åthbnt c cjåjq d ljhjue gjlfhrb d egfrjdrt b yt 

ghbyjcbnt bö d geyrn ljcvjnhf. D änjv ckexft dfc jåzpfntkmyj 

gjldthuyen ljgjkybntkmyjq ghjdthrt. B herjdjlcndeqntcm 

plhfdsv cvsckjv: tckb ds regbkb ntnt 

Åthnt åjkmijq yfåjh yjétq, egfreqnt bö, yt pfdjhfxbdfz, 

d clfdftvsq åfufé, f yt d hexyeñ rkflm. Bpüznst 

ghb ljcvjnht ghtlvtns yt djpdhfofñncz, f ds ét yt 

öjnbnt hfpjxfhjdfnm ntnñ Åthne. 

¤ Tckb ds öjnbnt pfgthtnm cdjq åfufé, bcgjkmpeqnt lkz 

änjuj pfvjr, ghbpyfdftvsq Eghfdktybtv nhfycgjhnyjq 

åtpjgfcyjcnb [http://www.tsa.gov/public/interapp/editorial/ 

editorial_multi_image_with_table_0234.xml]; byfxt gj ghbåsnbb 

d geyrn yfpyfxtybz ds vjétnt jåyfheébnm, xnj 

pfcntérf dfitq cevrb ckjvfyf. Pfhtubcnhbhjdfyysq 

åfufé vjétn gjldthufnmcz dsåjhjxysv ghjdthrfv lj 

pfuheprb d cfvjktn. Tckb dsåthen dfie cevre, tt jnrhjñn 

– gjänjve kexit dctuj yt pfgbhfnm tt.∆ 


15 

Ctynzåhm 2005 ujlf

Gj lheueñ cnjhjye dbpjdjuj jryf 

Léjy Gtxjdcrb, cjnhelybr dbpjdjq ckeéås 

Gjcjkmcndj CIF d Rfbht (Tubgtn) 

Dbpjdjt cjåtctljdfybt vjétn 

åsnm nzétksv bcgsnfybtv 

gj jåt cnjhjys jryf. Pyfñ 

jå änjv, gjcrjkmre d dbpjdjq 

ckeéåt ghb gjcjkmcndt CIF d 

Rfbht (Tubgtn), rjnjhjt dfkztncz 

jlybv bp cfvsö åjkmibö gjcjkmcnd 

d vbht, vjz jcyjdyfz pflfxf 

– ghjdjlbnm änb cjåtctljdfybz b 

ghbybvfnm htitybz gj pfzdrfv yf 

ytbvvbuhfyncrbt dbps jn kñltq, 

rjnjhst öjnzn exbnmcz, pfybvfnmcz 

åbpytcjv bkb ghjcnj gjåsdfnm 

d Cjtlbytyysö Infnfö. 

D chtlytv pf ytltkñ z jåckeébdfñ åjktt 300 

rkbtynjd. Gjxnb dct jyb – bp Tubgnf b Celfyf. 

B änj – yt tlbycndtyyfz vjz pflfxf. Z nfrét d 

gjhzlrt jxthtlb dsgjkyzñ jåzpfyyjcnb ltéehyjuj 

cjnhelybrf gjcjkmcndf, nj tcnm jndtxfñ pf cjltqcndbt 

d Tubgnt fvthbrfycrbv uhfélfyfv, yeélfñobvcz 

d chjxyjq gjvjob. 

Pfzdbntkb, rjnjhst gjybvfñn, xnj rjycekmcrbt 

hfåjnybrb hfcgjkfufñn juhfybxtyysv dhtvtytv yf 

ghbyznbt rféljuj htitybz, ujhfplj ktuxt cghfdkzñncz 

cj cdjbv dbpjdsv cjåtctljdfybtv. Ytåjkmifz 

≤ljvfiyzz hfåjnf≥ gthtl cjåtctljdfybtv gjpdjkztn 

yfvyjuj jåktuxbnm ghjwtcc. Gjlujnjdrf rjyrhtnyjq 

byajhvfwbb, jnyjczotqcz r hfccvfnhbdftvjve ltke, 

d njv xbckt erfpfybt wtkb gjtplrb, djpvjéyjcnb 

jgkfnbnm tt b ghtlcnfdktybt ljrfpfntkmcnd ceotcndtyysö 

cdzptq cj cdjtq cnhfyjq, cärjyjvbn vyjuj 

dhtvtyb b ävjwbq. Xhtpdsxfqyj dféyj ghbytcnb änb 

vfnthbfks yf cjåtctljdfybt. 

Z öjntk ås nfrét gjcjdtnjdfnm pfzdbntkzv lfdfnm 

xtcnyst b ghzvst jndtns b yt åjznmcz ghjcbnm 

rjycekmcrjuj hfåjnybrf gjdnjhznm djghjcs. Z pyfñ, 

xnj rjulf z ujdjhñ gj-fhfåcrb, vjt ghjbpyjitybt 

ytcjdthityyj, b xnj ckjdf yt dctulf gthtlfñn drkflsdftvsq 

d ybö cvsck, gjänjve z dctulf ujnjd gjghjåjdfnm 

tot hfp. 

Hfccvjnhtd ajhvs, ghtlcnfdktyyst pfzdbntktv, 

b ghjdtlz cjåtctljdfybt, z jåzpfy d rféljv ckexft 

ghbvtyznm bvvbuhfwbjyyjt pfrjyjlfntkmcndj CIF. 

Dct cdjb htitybz z ljkéty jåjcyjdsdfnm d cjjndtncndbb 

c fvthbrfycrbv pfrjyjv. Gj åjkmibycnde 

ytbvvbuhfyncrbö dbp z ljkéty exbnsdfnm, ljrfpfk 

kb pfzdbntkm yfkbxbt ceotcndtyysö cdzptq c tuj 

vtcnjv ébntkmcndf pf ghtltkfvb 

Cjtlbytyysö Infnjd. Lfyyjt nhtåjdfybt 

ghbpdfyj ghtljndhfofnm 

ytktufkmyeñ bvvbuhfwbñ b hfcghjcnhfyztncz 

yf kbw, gjlfñobö 

pfzdrb yf dbps, dj dctö cnhfyfö 

vbhf. Gjänjve pfzdbntkzv cktletn 

gthtl cjåtctljdfybtv nofntkmyj 

ghjlevfnm, rfr jyb dsgjkyzn 

änj nhtåjdfybt. 

D åjkmibycndt ckexftd z bvtñ 

djpvjéyjcnm dslfnm pfzdbntkñ 

dbpe. Jlyfrj byjulf ghböjlbncz 

jnrfpsdfnm. Lkz vtyz änj dctulf nhelyjt htitybt, 

gjcrjkmre z gjybvfñ, xnj kñlb jxtym öjnzn gjåsdfnm 

d vjtq cnhfyt. 

Jlyj bp cfvsö åjkmibö pfåkeéltybq pltcm, d 

Tubgnt, pfrkñxftncz d njv, xnj gjckt nthfrnjd 2001 

ujlf rjycekmcrbt hfåjnybrb yfxfkb htuekzhyj jnrkjyznm 

pfzdrb vecekmvfy – veéxby c åjhjlfvb b 

étyoby d öbléfåt, nhflbwbjyyjv ujkjdyjv gkfnrt. 

Änj ghjcnj ytghfdlf. 

Öjnz nthfrns bpvtybkb hzl fcgtrnjd dbpjdjq ghjwtlehs, 

d njv xbckt jåzpfntkmyjt kbxyjt cjåtctljdfybt 

cj dctvb pfzdbntkzvb b crfybhjdfybt gfkmwtd 

lkz gjdsitybz åtpjgfcyjcnb yfibö dbp, jyb ybrjulf 

yt vjukb ås bpvtybnm yfi jcyjdjgjkfufñobq 

ghbywbg, d ghfdbkmyjcnb rjnjhjuj vs eåtéltys b 

rjnjhsv ujhlbvcz, – Cjtlbytyyst Infns ljkéys 

dctulf åsnm jnrhsns lkz kñltq, ghbtpéfñobö yf 

pfrjyysö jcyjdfybzö. 

Rfr b åjkmibycndj vjbö rjkktu, z ghbitk d 

Lbgkjvfnbxtcreñ ckeéåe, gjnjve xnj kñåkñ gentitcndjdfnm, 

bpexfnm byjcnhfyyst zpsrb, ébnm pf 

uhfybwtq b pyfrjvbnmcz c kñlmvb hfpyjuj ébpytyyjuj 

erkflf. Vs c étyjq cxbnftv, xnj yfv dsgfkf 

åjkmifz elfxf jrfpfnmcz d Rfbht – ujhjlt nsczxb 

vbyfhtnjd, ujhjlt åjkmijuj bcnjhbxtcrjuj b rekmnehyjuj 

pyfxtybz, b hfåjnfnm c kñlmvb, rjnjhst 

nen ébden b rjnjhst ghjbpdjlzn yf yfc cbkmyjt 

dgtxfnktybt. 

Vs dctulf åeltv dcgjvbyfnm dhtvz, ghjdtltyyjt 

yfvb d Tubgnt, rfr jcjåsq b gfvznysq änfg ébpyb, 

b z yfltñcm, xnj dbps, rjnjhst z dslfñ rfélsq 

ltym, gjpdjkzn tubgnzyfv gjåsdfnm d vjtq cnhfyt b 

gjxedcndjdfnm nj, xnj xedcndeñ z ctqxfc pltcm. ∆ 

Ajnj ghtljcnfdktyj gjcjkmcndjv CIF d Rfbht 


16 

Ctynzåhm 2005 ujlf

Gjuhfybxybrb: yf gthtlytv rhft jöhfys uhfybw, 

gthdst, rnj dcnhtxftn kñltq, ghbtpéfñobö 

d cnhfye 

Rfnkby Ajp, bycgtrnjh gj nfvjétyyjq ghjdthrt b jöhfyt uhfybws 

Dfibyunjycrbq geyrn dütplf 

Vbybcnthcndj dyenhtyytq åtpjgfcyjcnb CIF 

Vtyz pjden Rfnkby Ajp. 

Z jabwth nfvjéyb b 

jöhfys uhfybws yf geyrnt 

dütplf d CIF d dfibyunjycrjv 

vtéleyfhjlyjv fähjgjhne 

Lfkktcf, rjnjhsq yföjlbncz d 

ghbujhjlt Dfibyunjyf. 

Rfélsq ltym z dbée jn 200 

lj 300 gfccfébhjd – cfvsö hfpysö 

kñltq. B e rféljuj cdjz 

bynthtcyfz bcnjhbz b cdjb ghbxbys 

lkz dbpbnf d Cjtlbytyyst 

Infns. 

Dctv gfccfébhfv z pflfñ 

djghjc j wtkb gjtplrb. Z dcnhtxfkf 

vyjubö hjlbntktq, ghbtpéfñobö gjdblfnm ltntq, 

rjnjhst kbåj exfncz d fvthbrfycrbö irjkfö, 

kbåj gthttöfkb d Cjtlbytyyst Infns yf gjcnjzyyjt 

ébntkmcndj, b ntgthm e ybö cfvbö pltcm ltnb. 

Jlyf gfhf ghbtöfkf r cdjtve csye, rjnjhsq 

exbkcz d eybdthcbntnt. Rjulf z cghjcbkf, crjkmrj 

dhtvtyb åeltn ghjljkéfnmcz bö gjtplrf, jyb jndtnbkb: 

jrjkj ldeö ytltkm. Gjnjv étyobyf eksåyekfcm 

b crfpfkf, xnj jyb ghjåelen ldt ytltkb, tckb 

csy yt jnghfdbn bö ljvjq hfymit. Gjcrjkmre e 

vtyz cfvjq tcnm ltnb, z jxtym öjhjij gjyzkf, xnj 

jyf bvttn d dble, b vs dvtcnt gjcvtzkbcm yfl yfibv 

jåobv jgsnjv. 

Tot jlby gfccfébh ghbtöfk cñlf bp Dtkbrjåhbnfybb 

dcnhtnbnmcz c ytcrjkmrbvb fvthbrfycrbvb 

uhfélfyfvb – dtnthfyfvb Dnjhjq vbhjdjq djqys. 

Rjulf jy åsk vfkmxbrjv b ébk yf athvt c hjlbntkzvb 

d Fyukbb, jy dbltk, rfr nfv jlyféls hfpåbkcz 

djtyysq cfvjktn. Dct änb ujls, hfccrfpfk 

jy, åjkmibycndj tuj dcnhtx c ktnxbrfvb ghjöjlbkj 

bvtyyj yf tuj ctvtqyjq athvt. Yj ntgthm dtnthfys 

gjcnfhtkb, bv nhelyj ghbtpéfnm d Fyukbñ, 

gjänjve yf nhflbwbjyyeñ dcnhtxe c ybvb jy cfv 

ghbtöfk d Cjtlbytyyst Infns. 

Jcjåtyyj vyt yhfdbncz hfpujdfhbdfnm c ltnmvb, 

dgthdst ghbtpéfñobvb d Cjtlbytyyst Infns. 

Tckb jyb ghbtpéfñn gjcvjnhtnm 

ljcnjghbvtxfntkmyjcnb d 

Dfibyunjyt, z cnfhfñcm epyfnm, 

xnj bvtyyj jyb åjkmit dctuj 

öjnzn edbltnm. Jlby vfktymrbq 

vfkmxbr crfpfk vyt, xnj öjxtn 

cöjlbnm d Veptq fdbfwbb b rjcvjyfdnbrb. 

Xthtp ytcrjkmrj vbyen 

jy ljåfdbk, xnj tuj vfktymrfz 

ctcnhtyrf öjxtn edbltnm 

ltncrbq vfufpby ≤Njqp-fh-fc≥. 

Öjnz ghbznyj dcnhtxfnm 

cnjkmrj kñltq c nfrbvb hfpysvb 

celmåfvb, pflfxf jabwthjd 

nfvjéyb b jöhfys uhfybws 

– jöhfyznm uhfybws Fvthbrb. Vs yföjlbvcz yf 

gthtljdjq, b yfif jåzpfyyjcnm – bcgjkyznm pfrjys 

Cjtlbytyysö Infnjd b pfobofnm fvthbrfywtd jn 

nthhjhbcnjd b bycnhevtynjd nthhjhf. 

Pltcm, d Dfibyunjycrjv geyrnt dütplf, vs jåckeébdftv 

ghbåkbpbntkmyj 42 vtéleyfhjlysö 

htqcf d ltym c gfccfébhfvb, ghbåsdfñobvb bp 

dctö eujkrjd vbhf. Yfif jåzpfyyjcnm – eåtlbnmcz 

d njv, xnj e dctö gfccfébhjd tcnm ghfdbkmyj jajhvktyyst 

ljrevtyns, ytpfdbcbvj jn njuj, ghbtpéfñn 

kb jyb d Cjtlbytyyst Infns gjdnjhyj bkb 

dgthdst. Änf pflfxf ljkéyf dsgjkyznmcz jnyjcbntkmyj 

åscnhj, gjcrjkmre jlyjdhtvtyyj ghbåsdftn 

åjkmijt rjkbxtcndj gfccfébhjd, vyjubt bp rjnjhsö 

ltkfñn gthtcflre. 

Pf rjhjnrjt dhtvz vs ljkéys htibnm, xnj gfccfébh 

bvtyyj njn xtkjdtr, pf rjnjhjuj jy ctåz 

dslftn, xnj jy bvttn ytjåöjlbvst ljrevtyns b 

ghbtöfk d Cjtlbytyyst Infns yt lkz njuj, xnjås 

yfytcnb dhtl – abpbxtcrbq bkb ärjyjvbxtcrbq – 

yfitq cnhfyt. 

Cltkfnm änj gjvjufñn yjdst ghjwtlehs åtpjgfcyjcnb, 

rjnjhst e yfc eét ltqcndeñn. Vs cdthztv 

gfcgjhnf, ajnjuhfabb b dbps c ytcrjkmrbvb 

åfpfvb lfyysö, xnjås eåtlbnmcz d njv, xnj jyb 

yt erhfltys b yt bpvtytys, åscnhj crfybhetv b 

Ajnj c hfphtitybz Vbybcnthcndf dyenhtyytq åtpjgfcyjcnb 


17 

Ctynzåhm 2005 ujlf

chfdybdftv wbahjdst jngtxfnrb gfkmwtd gfccfébhf 

b ghjdjlbv rhfnreñ åtctle, xnjås jghtltkbnm, xnj 

tuj dütpl yjcbn pfrjyysq öfhfrnth. 

Åjkmibycndj ysytiybö gfccfébhjd cksifkb j 

ghjuhfvvt CIF-DBPBN (ntöyjkjubz jghtltktybz 

cnfnecf ghbtpéfñobö yf dhtvz b bvvbuhfynjd d 

Cjtlbytyysö Infnfö), rjnjhfz åskf ddtltyf lkz erhtgktybz 

åtpjgfcyjcnb rfr fvthbrfycrbö uhfélfy, 

nfr b yfibö ujcntq, b gjpdjkztn pfrjyysv vtéleyfhjlysv 

gjtplrfv b njhujdkt ghjöjlbnm åjktt ukflrj, 

jåtcgtxbdftn dscjrbt änbxtcrbt cnfylfhns hfåjnybrjd 

yfitq bvvbuhfwbjyyjq cbcntvs b pfoboftn 

ytghbrjcyjdtyyjcnm xfcnyjq ébpyb yfibö ujcntq. 

Rfr ghfdbkj, vs ghjdjlbv gj ghjuhfvvt CIF- 

DBPBN dctö gjctnbntktq d djphfcnt jn 14 lj 79 ktn. 

Änf jgthfwbz drkñxftn d ctåz cxbnsdfybt jngtxfnrjd 

erfpfntkmysö gfkmwtd ghfdjq b ktdjq her wbahjdsv 

crfythjv b ajnjuhfabhjdfybt. Änj jxtym 

åscnhfz ghjwtlehf, rjnjhfz kbim ytvyjuj elkbyztn 

bycgtrwbjyysq ghjwtcc. Gfccfébhs r ytq åscnhj 

ghbdsrkb, b åjkmibycndj gjybvftn, xnj änj dféyfz 

vthf åtpjgfcyjcnb. Ytljdjkmcndj änjq ghjwtlehjq 

jåsxyj dshféfñn njkmrj ltnb lj 14 ktn, rjnjhst 

åsdfñn hfpjxfhjdfys ntv, xnj e ybö yt åthen jngtxfnrjd 

gfkmwtd b yt ltkfñn ajnjuhfabq. Ljkéyj 

åsnm, bv änj rfétncz hfpdktxtybtv. 

Dct jabwths nfvjéyb b jöhfys uhfybws ytcen 

juhjvyeñ jndtncndtyyjcnm, bvtz gjkyjvjxbz hfphtifnm 

bkb jnrfpsdfnm dj dütplt d Cjtlbytyyst 

Infns, f nfrét åelexb gthdsvb kñlmvb, rjnjhst 

ghbdtncndeñn gfccfébhjd, ghbtöfdibö yf pfrjyysö 

jcyjdfybzö. Vs ujhlbvcz ntv, xnj öjhjij cghfdkztvcz 

cj cdjtq hfåjnjq. ∆ 

Gjtplrb d Cjtlbytyyst 

infns – d wbahfö 

Ljkz gjkjébntkmysö htitybq 

gj pfzdrfv d 2004 ujle 

Djcnjxyfz Tdhjgf 

16 ghjwtynjd 

¤ Fvthbrfycrbt dbps gj dctve vbhe 75% 

¤ Cneltyxtcrbt dbps 80% 

Xbckj kbw, cjdthibdibö 

gjtplrb d 2004 ujle 

¤ Åbpytc: 4,6 vbkkbjyf 

¤ Byjcnhfyyst ujcnb: 46 vbkkbjyjd 

Jrtfybz 

10 ghjwtynjd 

Hjcn xbckf dbpbnjd d 

gthdjq gjkjdbyt 

2005 ujlf 

Vtrcbrf 

10 ghjwtynjd 

Åkbéybq Djcnjr 

9 ghjwtynjd 

Ñéyfz Fvthbrf 

9 ghjwtynjd 

Pfgflyfz Tdhjgf 

8 ghjwtynjd 

Rfyflf 

7 ghjwtynjd 

Fpbz 

6 ghjwtynjd 

Pyfxbntkmysq hjcn xbckf 

gjctnbntktq c bñyz 2004 ujlf 

gj bñym 2005 ujlf 

Fdcnhfkbz ¤ Fhutynbyf ¤ Åhfpbkbz ¤ Bcgfybz 

Bnfkbz ¤ Rbnfq ¤ Vtrcbrf ¤ Yblthkfyls 

Ahfywbz ¤ Idtwbz ¤ Ñéyfz Rjhtz 

Ghbyznj d 2004 ujle 

¤ Gbrjdsq vtczw – bñkm: 3,3 vbkkbjyf 

¤ Vtczw c cfvsv ybprbv gjrfpfntktv 

– atdhfkm: 2,1 vbkkbjyf 

Bcnjxybr: Vbybcnthcndj njhujdkb CIF 

18

Rfélsq yföjlbn xnj-nj bynthtcyjt lkz ctåz 

Vbkkbjys nehbcnjd, tétujlyj ghbtpéfñobö d CIF, åscnhj jåyfheébdfñn, xnj Cjtlbytyyst Infns 

åjkmifz cnhfyf b xnj vyjubt bö ljcnjghbvtxfntkmyjcnb yföjlzncz d nsczxfö rbkjvtnhfö lheu 

jn lheuf. Pf jlye b lfét ytcrjkmrj gjtpljr ghjcnj ytdjpvjéyj edbltnm dct. Gjänjve jxtym dféyj 

gkfybhjdfnm gjtplre pfhfytt. 

Öjnz d cnherneht ghfdbntkmcndtyysö exhtéltybq ytn yfwbjyfkmyjuj åñhj gj nehbpve, Fvthbrfycrfz fccjwbfwbz 

nehbcnbxtcrjq bylecnhbb [http://www.seeamerica.org] b rfélsq infn ghtlkfufñn jåibhyeñ byajhvfwbñ 

j njv, xnj vjéyj gjcvjnhtnm b xtv pfyznmcz [http://www.statelocalgov.net/50states-tourism.cfm]. Nehbcnbxtcrbt 

futyncndf, fdnjvjåbkmyst rkeås, jntkb b lheubt ghtlghbznbz nfrét ghtljcnfdkzñn byajhvfwbñ 

nehbcnfv b ghtlcnfdktys d Bynthytnt. 

Tcnm vyjuj djpvjéyjcntq jhufybpjdfnm jngecr: vjéyj cjchtljnjxbnmcz yf jlyjv ujhjlt b tuj jrhtcnyjcnzö 

– nfrbö ujhjlfö, rfr Vfqfvb dj Akjhblt bkb Cfy-Ahfywbcrj d Rfkbajhybb, bkb yf jghtltktyyjv 

htubjyt cnhfyt – nfrjv, rfr Yjdfz Fyukbz bkb Dtkbrbt jpthf d dthöytq xfcnb Chtlytuj Pfgflf, bkb yf rjyrhtnyjq 

ljcnjghbvtxfntkmyjcnb – nfrjq, rfr Yfwbjyfkmysq gfhr Uhfyl-Nbnjy d Dfqjvbyut bkb Yfwbjyfkmyst 

htxyst pfgjdtlybrb Jpfhrjd d Vbccehb. 

D cktleñobö ldeö jxthrfö vs lftv dfv ljgjkybntkmyst cdtltybz j gentitcndbzö. Bpdtcnysq gbfybcn b 

bcnjhbr vepsrb Léjy Öfccb ghtlkfuftn cjdthibnm gjtplre gj vtcnfv, rjnjhst jnhféfñn vepsrfkmyeñ bcnjhbñ 

Fvthbrb. F gjnjv cktleñn ajnjhtgjhnfé j zhvfhrfö, ébdjgbcysö athvfö, dbyjuhflybrfö, atcnbdfkzö, 

yf rjnjhsö djccjplfñncz dféyst bcnjhbxtcrbt cjåsnbz bkb wtkst ägjöb d bcnjhbb rekmnehs, cgjhnbdysö cjåsnbzö 

b lheubö fvthbrfycrbö vthjghbznbzö, yjczobö eybrfkmysq bkb lfét ärcwtynhbxtcrbq öfhfrnth. 

Cjtlbytyyst Infns hfpyjjåhfpys gj yfctktybñ b utjuhfabb b vjuen rféljve xnj-nj ghtlkjébnm. 

Rfrbvb ås yb åskb dfib ghtlgjxntybz, vs edthtys, xnj ds yfqltnt lkz ctåz xnj-ybåelm bynthtcyjt. 

Relf ås ds yb gjtöfkb, ds dcnhtnbnt kñltq jnrhsnsö, otlhsö b ujcntghbbvysö. ∆ 

2276 km 

Lfktrj kb lj... ? 

3748 km 

3961 km 

1938 km 

4105 km 

372 km 

1508 km 

1751 km 

Cjtlbytyyst Infns – åjkmifz cnhfyf. Gkfybhez cdjñ gjtplre, jåzpfntkmyj exbnsdfqnt hfccnjzybz 

vtéle vyjubvb bp cfvsö gjgekzhysö fvthbrfycrbö ljcnjghbvtxfntkmyjcntq. Änf rfhnf gjrfpsdftn 

hfccnjzybt gj ghzvjq vtéle ytcrjkmrbvb rhegysvb ujhjlfvb – fdnjvjåbkmyst vfhihens vjuen 

åsnm ytcrjkmrj lkbyytt. 

19

Vepsrfkmysq neh gj Fvthbrt 

Léjy Äldfhl Öfccb 

Rehfnjh Yfwbjyfkmyjuj veptz fvthbrfycrjq bcnjhbb 

Tcnm ltcznrb cgjcjåjd jhufybpjdfnm gjtplre d Cjtlbytyyst Infns – ds vjétnt jåütöfnm ukfdyst ujhjlf, 

gjåhjlbnm gj yfwbjyfkmysv gfhrfv bkb jcvjnhtnm pyfvtybnst gfvznybrb. D änjv jxthrt Léjy Öfccb ghtlkfuftn 

åjktt eybrfkmysq dfhbfyn – gjpyfrjvbnmcz c Fvthbrjq, gjctnbd tt vyjujxbcktyyst b hfpyjjåhfpyst 

vepsrfkmyst cdznsyb, rjnjhst vjéyj yfqnb d kñåjq xfcnb cnhfys. 

Lfét kñlb, ybrjulf yt åsdfdibt d Cjtlbytyysö 

Infnfö, pyfrjvs c fvthbrfycrjq 

vepsrjq. Pf cdjñ bcnjhbñ – gjxnb 230 ktn 

– cnhfyf cjplfkf juhjvyjt rjkbxtcndj jhbubyfkmyjq 

vepsrb, rjnjhfz gjhféftn cdjbv hfpyjjåhfpbtv, 

ébpytyyjq cbkjq, ndjhxtcrbv gjlöjljv b fhnbcnbxtcrbv 

cjdthitycndjv. Dj dctq cdjtq ufvvt 

– jn ghjcntqibö yfbuhsitq yf åfyléj b ytpfntqkbdsö 

nfywtdfkmysö vtkjlbq lj pfdjhfébdfñobö 

åkñpjd Hjåthnf Léjycjyf b åktcnzobö léfpjdsö 

rfltywbq Xfhkb Gfhrthf – fvthbrfycrfz vepsrf 

zdkztncz jlybv bp dféytqibö 

drkfljd, dytctyysö Cjtlbytyysvb 

Infnfvb d vbhjdeñ 

rekmnehe. 

Vjéyj endthélfnm, xnj yb 

jlyf cnhfyf d bcnjhbb yt cjplfkf 

nfrjuj åjufncndf cbkmysö 

b dkbzntkmysö vepsrfkmysö 

cnbktq, rfr Cjtlbytyyst Infns. 

Fvthbrfycrfz vepsrf jnhféftn 

äythubñ, hfpyjjåhfpbt, 

leö b ndjhxtcrbq gjntywbfk 

fvthbrfywtd. Yt yflj gjybvfnm 

fyukbqcrbq zpsr, xnjås 

joeofnm vjom Fhtns Ahfyrkby, 

gtxfkm Öäyrf Ebkmzvcf, 

ébpytendthélfñobt vjnbds 

AP/WWP Ajnj Létyybath Ibvfitr 

Dtkbrbq vepsrfyn b öeljétcndtyysq lbhtrnjh ≤Léfpf d 

Kbyrjkmy-wtynht≥ Ebynjy Vfhcfkbc buhftn yf nheåt. 

Kebcf Fhvcnhjyuf, ghfdlbdjcnm 

Léjyyb Räif, dbhnejpyjcnm Äkks Abwléthfkml 

bkb äythubñ Äkdbcf Ghtckb. 

Ndjhxtcndj änbö vepsrfynjd b bö vepsrfkmyst 

éfyhs ljcnegys kñlzv dctuj vbhf d pfgbczö, bö 

vjéyj crfxfnm c Bynthytnf, gjckeifnm gj hflbj, 

d gthtlfxfö ≤Ujkjcf Fvthbrb≥, gj ntktdbpjhe b dbltj. 

Yj xnjås jwtybnm b gjyznm cfvbö vepsrfynjd 

gj-yfcnjzotve, kexit dctuj gjåsdfnm d vtcnfö, ult 

jyb hjlbkbcm, ult cajhvbhjdfkjcm bö bcreccndj, b 

ult åthtéyj öhfybncz bö vepsrfkmyjt yfcktlbt. 

Änf cnfnmz ghtlkfuftn ujcnzv eybrfkmysq neh 

gj Cjtlbytyysv Infnfv d ajhvt pyfrjvcndf c vepsrfkmysvb 

veptzvb b vepsrfkmysvb cdznsyzvb 

cnhfys. Yjdst vepsrfkmyst nhflbwbb, ghbytctyyst 

cñlf bvvbuhfynfvb d åjktt gjplytt dhtvz, – 

nfrbt, rfr cfkmcf b vfhmzxb, – b yjdst fvthbrfycrbt 

cnbkb, drkñxfz uhfyé, häg b öbg-öjg, tot 

ghtlcnjbn jcjpyfnm rfr dtöb d hfpdbnbb vepsrb b 

cjöhfybnm rfr veptqyst wtyyjcnb. Dghjxtv, kturj 

yfqnb vepsrfynjd d yjxysö rkeåfö, yf atcnbdfkzö 

bkb d Bynthytnt, rjnjhst hfåjnfñn d änbö 

éfyhfö. Yjxyst rkeås jnrhsdfñncz b pfrhsdfñncz, 

f gjnjv dyjdm jnrhsdfñncz c gjhfpbntkmyjq 

crjhjcnmñ; yjdst atcnbdfkb ecnhfbdfñncz dct 

dhtvz. Yj d änjq cnfnmt hfccrfpsdftncz ukfdysv 

jåhfpjv j ntö vtcnfö, rjnjhst, 

crjhtt dctuj, åelen 

ghbdktrfnm vepsrfynjd b d 

åeleotv. 

Léfp. Léfp – cfvfz dtcjvfz, 

dkbzntkmyfz b yjdfnjhcrfz 

vepsrf, djpybrifz 

d Cjtlbytyysö Infnjd. Ibhjrj 

bpdtcnyj, xnj hjlbyjq 

léfpf zdkztncz Yjdsq Jhktfy 

(infn Kebpbfyf). Yb d 

jlby lheujq ujhjl, pf bcrkñxtybtv, 

gjéfkeq, Ymñ-Qjhrf, 

yt ghbtpéftn cnjkmrj 

gjrkjyybrjd léfpf, rfr d 

Yjdsq Jhktfy. Gjckt hfpheibntkmyjuj 

elfhf, yfytctyyjuj 

gj ≤ujhjle-gjkevtczwe≥ 

ehfufyjv ≤Rfnhbyf≥ 29 fduecnf 2005 ujlf, r cjéfktybñ, 

pfheåtéysv äynepbfcnfv léfpf ghböjlbncz 

dybvfntkmyj cktlbnm pf yjdjcnzvb, cdzpfyysvb c 

djccnfyjdktybtv Yjdjuj Jhktfyf. 

Ébntkb Yjdjuj Jhktfyf b kñåbntkb léfpf dj 

dctv vbht c ytnthgtybtv élen, rjulf dyjdm jnrhjñncz 

Ahfywepcrbq rdfhnfk b ≤Ghtpthdtqiy öjkk≥ 

[http://www.preservationhall.com], pfk, rjnjhsq c 

1961 ujlf ckeébn cdjtuj hjlf öhfvjv nhflbwbjyyjuj 

yjdjjhktfycrjuj léfpf. Lheubt yjdjjhktfycrbt 

cjrhjdbof, rjnjhst ghtlcnjbn djphjlbnm, 

drkñxfñn léfpjdeñ ärcgjpbwbñ d Veptt infnf 

Kebpbfyf [http://lsm.crt.state.la.us/site/], rjnjheñ dtyxfñn 

vepsrfkmyst bycnhevtyns Kebcf Fhvcnhjy 


20 


uf, Åbrcf Åfqlthåtrf b lheubö 

vfcnthjd cnfhjuj léfpf, b Nehbcncrbq 

wtynh Yjdjjhktfycrjuj 

léfpjdjuj yfwbjyfkmyjuj gfhrf 

[http://www.nps.gov/jazz] yf Yjhn- 

Gbnthc-cnhbn, rjnjhsq dyjdm 

ghtlkjébn ärcrehcbjyyst nehs 

c yfeiybrfvb b lheueñ byajhvfwbñ. 

D 1920-t b 1930-t ujls léfpjdsv 

jxfujv åsk Rfypfc-cbnb 

(infn Vbccehb) – nfv dscnegfkb 

Rfeyn Åtqcb, Xfhkb Gfhrth, Vähb 

Ke Ebkmzvc b lheubt dtkbrbt 

vepsrfyns. Ds vjétnt gjkexbnm ghtlcnfdktybt j 

njq vepsrt, gjctnbd cnfhsq léfpjdsq hfqjy 18-q 

ekbws b Dfqy-cnhbn, ult hfcgjkjéty Veptq fvthbrfycrjuj 

léfpf [http://www.americanjazzmuseum.com] 

b pyfvtybnsq ntfnh ≤Létv≥. 

D Ymñ-Qjhrt léfp dctö dhtvty vjéyj ecksifnm 

dj vyjubö gjgekzhysö yjxysö rkeåfö, drkñxfz 

≤Dbkkblé-dfyufhl≥ [http://www.villagevanguard. 

net/frames.htm], ≤Åkñ yjen≥ [http://www.bluenote.net] 

b ≤Åthlktyl≥ [http://www.birdlandjazz.com]. Ufhktvcrbq 

ntfnh ≤Fgjkkj≥ [http://www.apollotheater.com] 

gjdblfk yf cdjtv dtre vyjubö léfpjdsö pyfvtybnjcntq, 

rfr b ≤Rfhytub-öjkk≥ [http://www.carnegiehall.org], 

hfcgjkjétyysq yf euke 57-q ekbws b 7-q 

fdtyñ. Yjdtqifz léfpjdfz fhtyf ujhjlf ≤Léfp d 

Kbyrjkmy-wtynht≥ [http://www.jazzatlincolncenter.org], 

d rjnjheñ dkjétyj 130 vky. ljkkfhjd, jnrhskfcm 

d jrnzåht 2004 ujlf. Pltcm tcnm rjywthnysq pfk yf 

1200 vtcn, tot jlby 400-vtcnysq pfk c gjhfpbntkmyjq 

rhfcjns dblfvb yf Wtynhfkmysq gfhr b yjxyjq 

rkeå ≤Lbppb Rjrf-Rjkf≥ yf 140 vtcn. 

D ymñ-qjhrcrjv hfqjyt Rebyc yföjlbncz ljv, yf 

vjq dpukzl, cfvjuj dkbzntkmyjuj fvthbrfycrjuj 

léfpjdjuj vepsrfynf – Keb ≤Cfxvj≥ Fhvcnhjyuf 

(1901–71) [http://www.satchmo.net]. Nfv ghjdjlzncz 

ärcrehcbb, b tcnm ytåjkmijq vfufpby cedtybhjd. 

Häunfqv. Änf cbyrjgbhjdfyyfz ajhntgbfyyfz vepsrf 

zdkztncz jlybv bp bcnjrjd léfpf. Ytåjkmifz 

ärcgjpbwbz dtotq, ghbyflktéfdibö ≤rjhjkñ häunfqvf≥ 

Crjnne Léjgkbye, ghtlcnfdktyf d vtcnyjv 

rjkktlét d Ctlfkbb (infn Vbccehb) – ujhjlt, ult 

jy cjxbybk cdjq pyfvtybnsq häunfqv ≤Rktyjdsq 

kbcn≥. Nfv ghjdjlbncz tétujlysq atcnbdfkm häunfqvf 

gfvznb Crjnnf Léjgkbyf. D åjktt rhegyjv 

ujhjlt Ctyn-Kebct ds cvjétnt gjåsdfnm d jlyjv 

bp ljvjd Léjgkbyf – bcnjhbxtcrjv gfvznybrt infnf, 

rjnjhsq nfr b yfpsdftncz ≤Ljv Crjnnf Léjgkbyf≥ 

[http://www.mostateparks.com/scottjoplin.htm]. 

Åkñp. Vjéyj endthélfnm, xnj ldtyflwfnbnfrnysq 

åkñp – tlbycndtyyfz vepsrfkmyfz ajhvf, 

AP/WWP Ajnj Fvfyls Åbrytkk 

Åkñpjdsq ubnfhbcn E.R. Rkfhr buhftn c åjkmibv 

eljdjkmcndbtv. 

wtkbrjv cjplfyyfz d Cjtlbytyysö 

Infnfö. Hjlbyjq åkñpf xfcnj 

cxbnfñn infn Vbccbcbgb. Åtpeckjdyj, 

änjn infn lfk vyjubö dslfñoböcz 

åkñpjdsö vepsrfynjd, 

drkñxfz Xfhkb Gfnnjyf, Hjåthnf 

Léjycjyf, Öjkbyf Dekaf, Vfllb 

Ejnthcf b Åb-Åb Rbyuf. Gjxnb dct 

bp ybö hjljv bp jåibhyjuj htxyjuj 

rhfz – Ltkmns Vbccbcbgb, 

ghjcnbhfñotqcz yf 200 vbkm gj 

htrt Vbccbcbgb jn Vtvabcf (infn 

Ntyytcb) yf ñu lj Dbrcåthuf (infn 

Vbccbcbgb). Änf xfcnm Vbccbcbgb 

vjétn gjödfcnfnm nhtvz ytåjkmibvb veptzvb åkñpf: 

Vepttv åkñpf Ltkmns [http://www.deltablues 

museum.org] d Rkfhrcltqkt, ≤Pfkjv ckfds åkñpf b 

tuj ktutylfhysö bcgjkybntktq≥ [http://www.blues 

museum.org] d Hjåbycjydbkt b Vepttv åkñpf yf 

61-jv ijcct [http://www.highway61blues.com] d Kbkfylt. 

Ijcct yjvth 61 – cdjtuj hjlf vfubcnhfkm åkñpf, 

ljhjuf, gj rjnjhjq åkñpjdst vepsrfyns tplbkb yf 

ctdth d Vtvabc (infn Ntyytcb). D Vtvabct tcnm 

gfvznybr Ebkmzve Rhbcnjathe Öäylb, yfgbcfditve 

≤Ctyn-Kebc åkñp≥ b ≤Vtvabc åkñp≥, yf pyfvtybnjq 

Åbk-cnhbn [http://www.bealestreet.com], f nfrét 

Åkñp-rkeå Åb-Åb Rbyuf [http://www.bbkingclubs.com]. 

Vepsrf åkñuhfcc. Éfyh åkñuhfcc – cbyrjgbhjdfyyfz 

vepsrf lkz cnheyyjuj jhrtcnhf, bcnjrb rjnjhjq 

chtlb ptktysö öjkvjd b ljkby djcnjxyjq xfcnb 

fvthbrfycrjuj ujhyjuj öhtånf Fggfkfxb b rjnjhfz 

yfikf ujhzxbq jnrkbr d cthlwfö ujhjlcrbö ébntktq. 

Ds vjétnt gjctnbnm Vtéleyfhjlysq veptq 

vepsrb åkñuhfcc [http://www.bluegrass-museum.org] d 

Jeäycåjhj (infn Rtynerrb) b vtytt rhegysq ≤Pfk 

ckfds vepsrb åkñuhfcc≥ 

Åbkkf Vjyhj 

[http://www.beanblossom. 

com] d Åby-Åkjccjvt 

(infn Bylbfyf). Dyjdm 

cjplfyysq djlbntkmcrbq 

vfhihen ≤Vepsrfkmyjt 

yfcktlbt Dbhlébybb≥ 

[http://www. 

thecrookedroad.org] ghtlcnfdkztn 

cjåjq 250- 

vbkmyeñ nhfcce gj ébdjgbcysv 

vtcnfv ñujpfgflyjq 

Dbhlébybb, 

cjtlbyzñoeñ veptq 

Hfkmaf Cntykb, ≤Ctvtqysq 

veptq Rfhnthjd≥, 

vepsrfkmysq 

AP/WWP Ajnj Léjyf Hfcctkkf 

Kbnnk Lébvvb Lbrrtyc – änj wtkfz 

nhflbwbz d ≤Uhäyl jek jeghb≥. 


21 Ctynzåhm 2005 ujlf

wtynh ≤Ujkeåjq öhtåtn≥ b veptq ≤Hjlbyf vepsrb 

rfynhb≥. 

Vepsrf rfynhb. Ägbwtynh rfynhb-vepsrb Yäidbkk 

(infn Ntyytcb) vjétn ujhlbnmcz pfvtxfntkmysv 

vepsrfkmysv rjvgktrcjv ≤Uhäyl jek jeghb≥ 

[http://www.opry.com]. Änj hjlbyf ghzvsö hflbjgthtlfx, 

ult rféleñ gznybwe b ceååjne gj dtxthfv djn 

eét rjnjhsq ujl ghjöjlzn rjywthns, ltvjycnhbheñobt 

dct hfpyjjåhfpbt vepsrb rfynhb. Pltcm nfrét 

tcnm ≤Pfkjv ckfds vepsrb rfynhb≥ [http://www. 

countrymusichalloffame.com], rjnjhsq ghjbpdjlbn cbkmyjt 

dgtxfnktybt. Tuj gjcnjzyyfz ärcgjpbwbz ≤Cgjq 

vyt j ljvt: gentitcndbt d cnhfye vepsrb rfynhb≥ 

jcyjdfyf yf åjufnjv cjåhfybb jltéls, htkbrdbq, 

bycnhevtynjd, ajnjuhfabq, herjgbctq b lheubö ghtlvtnjd, 

hfccrfpsdfñobö bcnjhbñ rfynhb-vepsrb. 

Hzljv yföjlzncz pyfvtybnfz ≤Cnelbz Åb≥ rjvgfybb 

Fh-cb-äq, ult pfgbcsdfkbcm Äkdbc Ghtckb, Xtn 

Fnrbyc b lheubt pdtpls, b jlyf bp cnfhtqibö fvthbrfycrbö 

nbgjuhfabq ≤Öänx ije ghbyn≥, rjnjhfz 

gtxfnfkf gkfrfns c bpjåhfétybzvb vyjubö ktutylfhysö 

bcgjkybntktq vepsrb rfynhb. D Yäidbkkt 

ds nfrét cvjétnt gjqnb d ≤Hfqvfy felbnjhbev≥ 

[http://www.ryman.com], ult hfymit åsk ≤Uhäyl jek 

jeghb≥, f nfrét gjctnbnm vyjétcndj yjxysö rfat 

yfgjljåbt ≤Cbytq gnbws≥ [http://www.bluebirdcafe. 

com], ult cjåbhfñncz vjkjlst, gjlfñobt yfltéls 

fdnjhs gtcty. D Vthblbfyt (infn Vbccbcbgb) yföjlbncz 

veptq Lébvvb Hjléthcf, jlyjuj bp jcyjdfntktq 

vepsrb rfynhb [http://www.jimmierodgers.com]. 

Hjr, hbnv-äyl-åkñp b 

cjek. Vepsrf d cnbkt hjry- 

hjkk gjnhzckf cnhfye b 

vbh. B ctqxfc änjn éfyh 

cgecnz 50 ktn gjckt cdjtuj 

gjzdktybz ghjljkéftn gjhféfnm 

b djjleitdkznm cjnyb 

vbkkbjyjd ckeifntktq 

gj dctve ptvyjve ifhe. D 

Vtvabct (infn Ntyytcb) 

yföjlbncz ljdjkmyj bynthtcysq, 

öjnz yt åtp ljkb 

rbnxf, ljv Äkdbcf Ghtckb 

Ajnj AP/WWP 

Dscnegktybt Äkdbcf Ghtckb d 

1973 ujle. 

gjl yfpdfybtv ≤Uhtqcktyl≥ 

[http://www.elvis.com], 

cnelbz ≤Cfy≥ [http://www. 

sunstudio.com], ult jy cltkfk cdjb gthdst pfgbcb b 

ult gjplytt pfgbcsdfkbcm vyjubt lheubt pyfvtybnst 

vepsrfyns, b veptq ≤Cnfrc≥, gjcdzotyysq fvthbrfycrjq 

vepsrt cjek [http://www.staxmuseum.com], 

d rjnjhjv ghtlcnfdktys rjvgfybb ≤Cnfrc≥, ≤Öfq≥, 

≤Fnkfynbr htrjhlp≥ b pdexbn ≤Vtvabc äyl vfck 

ijekp≥. 

D Vtvabccrjv veptt vepsrb hjr b cjek ltvjycnhbhetncz 

ghtrhfcyfz ärcgjpbwbz, gjlujnjdktyyfz 

Cvbncjyjdcrbv bycnbnenjv, cdzpsdfñofz bcnjhbñ 

Vtvabcf c 1920-ö gj 1980-t ujls c vepsrjq d cnbkzö 

åkñp, hjr b cjek – jn E.R. Öäylb lj Äkdbcf, Åerthf 

Nb b ≤Äv-Lébp≥ [http://www.memphisrocknsoul. 

org]. 

D Ltnhjqnt (infn Vbxbufy) tcnm bcnjhbxtcrbq 

veptq ≤Vjnfey≥ [http://www.motownmuseum.com] c htkbrdbzvb 

uhegg ≤Cmñghbvp≥, ≤Ntvgntqiyp≥, Cnbdb 

Efylthf, Vfhdbyf Utz, Fhtns Ahfyrkby b lheubö bcgjkybntktq 

vepsrb cjek, rjnjhst pfgbcsdfkbcm yf 

cnelbb ≤Vjnfey htrjhlp≥. 

Tckb ds åjkmijq gjrkjyybr Åfllb Öjkb, ds 

vjétnt gjctnbnm Wtynh Åfllb Öjkkb [http://www. 

buddyhollycenter.org] d Kfååjrt (infn Ntöfc). 

Juhjvysq Pfk ckfds hjr-y-hjkkf [http://www. 

rockhall.com] d Rkbdktylt (infn Jufqj) yföjlbncz 

d dtkbrjktgyjv plfybb, cghjtrnbhjdfyyjv pyfvtybnsv 

fhöbntrnjhjv B.V. Gtqtv. D ytv cjnyb ärcgjyfnjd 

b felbj-dbltj pfgbctq hjr-y-hjkkf. D Cbänkt 

(infn Dfibyunjy) vepsrfkmysq wtynh ≤Ärcgbhbtyc≥ 

hfpvtoftncz d plfybb, cghjtrnbhjdfyyjv Ahäyrjv 

AP/WWP Ajnj Äldfhlf Cntqgkf 

Ävvbke Öfhhbc gjtn yf atcnbdfkt yfhjlyjq vepsrb d Ymñgjhnt. 

Uthb [http://www.emplive.org] b ghtlcnfdkztn cjåjq 

eybrfkmysq bynthfrnbdysq veptq, gjcdzotyysq gjgekzhyjq 

vepsrt b hjre. 

Yfhjlyfz vepsrf. D åjkmibycndt cnhfy tcnm cjåcndtyyfz 

vepsrf. D Tdhjgt b Cjtlbytyysö Infnfö tt 

xfcnj jnyjczn r rfntujhbb ≤ajkr≥, bkb yfhjlyjq 

vepsrb. Yfhjlyfz vepsrf gthtlftncz jn xtkjdtrf 

r xtkjdtre gjchtlcndjv ujkjcf b ckeöf. Bysvb ckjdfvb, 

xtkjdtr exbncz nfrjq vepsrt, rjulf cksibn 

tt, f yt xbnftn yjnysq kbcn. Jåsxyj ghjbcöjéltybt 

yfhjlysö gtcty b bycnhevtynfkmysö rjvgjpbwbq 

gjrhsnj nfqyjq, b ceotcndetn vyjétcndj hfpysö 

dfhbfynjd (bkb dthcbq) rféljq gmtcs – ecksify 


22 


AP/WWP Ajnj Lé. Gänf Rfhnthf 

Lé. Gjk bp ≤Pbltrj ymñ åhbl åäyl≥ dscnegftn yf atcnbdfkt 

léfpjdjq b yfhjlyjq vepsrb d Yjdjv Jhktfyt. 

AP/WWP Ajnj Hblf Cfrcjyf 

Pfk Ckfds hjr-y-hjkkf d Rkbdktylt, infn Jufqj 

yjq, djcghjbpdtltyyjq 

ujkjcjv, csuhfyyjq gfkmwfvb 

b ghjxedcndjdfyyjq 

vyjubvb hfpysvb bcgjkybntkzvb. 

Cfvsq ghjcnjq 

cgjcjå yfqnb ébdjq ajkr 

– gjåsdfnm yf jlyjv bp 

vyjujxbcktyysö atcnbdfktq 

yfhjlyjq vepsrb, ghjdjlbvsö 

d Cjtlbytyysö 

Infnfö gjdctvtcnyj. Rhegytqibv 

bp ybö zdkztncz 

tétujlysq Cvbncjyjdcrbq 

atcnbdfkm ≤Ajkrkfqa≥ 

[http://www.folklife.si.edu], 

rjnjhsq ecnhfbdftncz rfélsq 

ujl d bñyt b bñkt yf 

Yfwbjyfkmyjv vjkkt d Dfibyunjyt. D 2006 ujle åeltn 

ghjdtlty 40-q tétujlysq atcnbdfkm. 

Kfnbyjfvthbrfycrfz vepsrf. Hfpevttncz, Cjtlbytyyst 

Infns – bvvbuhfyncrfz cnhfyf ≤Yjdjuj 

Cdtnf≥, b rfélfz yjdfz änybxtcrfz uheggf, ghbåsdfñofz 

cñlf, ghbdjpbn cjåcndtyyst vepsrfkmyst 

nhflbwbb, rjnjhst, d cdjñ jxthtlm, ghjljkéfñn 

ytbpåtéyj vtyznmcz b hfpdbdfnmcz, gecrfz rjhyb yf 

yjdjq ptvkt. Ctqxfc cfvjt vyjujxbcktyyjt vtymibycndj 

d Cjtlbytyysö infnfö cjcnfdkzñn dsöjlws bp 

Kfnbycrjq Fvthbrb, f jyb – yfcktlybrb vyjubö vepsrfkmysö 

nhflbwbq. 

Bcgjkyztveñ fycfvåkzvb d cjcnfdt nheås, crhbgrb, 

ubnfhs, dbeäkks b ubnfhhjyf vtrcbrfycreñ 

vepsre vfhmzxb vjéyj cksifnm dtplt yf fvthbrfycrjv 

Ñuj-pfgflt. Yfcnjzobv pfgjdtlybrjv vfhmzxb 

vjéyj yfpdfnm htcnjhfy ≤Kf ajylf lt kjc 

rfvgthjc≥ yf åekmdfht Ebkibh, 2051, d Kjc-Fylétktct. 

Pltcm ét d 1969 ujle åskj gjkjétyj yfxfkj 

ntfnhe-htcnjhfye vfhmzxb. Herjdjlbntkm jhrtcnhf, 

crhbgfx Yfnb Rfyj, eljcnjty dscitq yfuhfls ghfdbntkmcndf 

CIF d jåkfcnb yfhjlysö b nhflbwbjyysö 

bcreccnd, f tuj bltz 

ntfnhf-htcnjhfyf vfhmzxb 

gjkexbkf hfcghjcnhfytybt d 

Necjyt (infn Fhbpjyf), Cfynf-At 

(infn Ymñ-Vtrcbrj), 

Cfy-Fynjybj (infn Ntöfc) b 

lheubö ujhjlfö. 

Pfébufntkmyfz nfywtdfkmyfz 

vepsrf ≤cfkmcf≥, rjnjhfz 

åskf pfdtptyf d Ymñ- 

Qjhr reåbycrbvb b geähnjhbrfycrbvb 

ävbuhfynfvb, 

pdexbn d yjxysö rkeåfö 

Ymñ-Qjhrf, Vfqfvb b lheubö 

bynthyfwbjyfkmysö ujhjljd. 

D Yfwbjyfkmyjv veptt 

fvthbrfycrjq bcnjhbb d 

Dfibyunjyt hfpdthyenf dscnfdrf ≤Ébpym b vepsrf 

Ctkbb Rhec≥, gjcdzotyyfz rjhjktdt vepsrb cfkmcf, 

rjnjhfz vyjuj dscnegfkf d Cjtlbytyysö Infnfö. 

Jyf ärcgjybhetncz lj 31 jrnzåhz 2005 ujlf. D htébvt 

jy-kfqy c dscnfdrjq vjéyj gjpyfrjvbnmcz gj flhtce 

http://www.americanhistory.si.edu/celiacruz/. 

Vepsrf rfléey. Frflbqcrbq rekmnehysq wtynh 

d Ñybct (infn Kebpbfyf), ghbvthyj d nhtö xfcfö 

tpls yf pfgfl jn Yjdjuj Jhktfyf, hfccrfpsdftn jå 

frflbqwfö, bkb rfléeyfö, rjnjhst ghbtöfkb cñlf bp 

Rfyfls d 1750-t ujls, b jå bö cdjtjåhfpyjq vepsrt 

b rekmneht c cbkmysv ahfywepcrbv dkbzybtv 

[http://www.nps.gov/jela/pphtml/facilities.html]. 

Vtcnysq ntfnh ≤Kbåthnb≥ gjlujnjdbk ldeöxfcjdeñ 

hflbjghjuhfvve ≤Hfyltde c rfléeyfvb≥, rjnjhfz 

gthtlftncz d ghzvjv äabht d ceååjne dtxthjv b 

d rjnjhjq vjéyj ecksifnm jhrtcnhs, bcgjkyzñobt 

vepsrfkmyst ghjbpdtltybz d cnbkzö rfléey b pbltrj, 

rjhjnrbt vepsrfkmyst cgtrnfrkb b dscnegktybz 

rfléeycrbö ñvjhbcnjd. D Ñybct yföjlbncz nfrét 

Pfk ckfds vepsrb rfléey [http://www.cajunfrenchmusic. 

org], f eybdthcbntn infnf Kebpbfyf d Ñybct gjllthébdftn 

cfqn, gjcdzotyysq cjdhtvtyysv vepsrfynfv, 

buhfñobv rhtjkmcreñ vepsre, pbltrj b rfléey 

[http://www.nps.gov/jela/Prairieacadiancultural 

center.htm]. 

Vepsrfkmyst ije b rkfccbxtcrfz vepsrf. Vepsrfkmysq 

neh gj Cjtlbytyysv Infnfv åsk ås 

ytgjkysv åtp egjvbyfybz tot ldeö pfvtxfntkmysö 

vepsrfkmysö zdktybq – vepsrfkmysö ije b rkfccbxtcrjq 

vepsrb. Öjnz gjcktlyzz hjlbkfcm d Tdhjgt, 

nfrbt fvthbrfycrbt rjvgjpbnjhs, rfr Ffhjy Rjgktyl 

b Ktjyfhl Åthycnfqy, ghbdytckb d rkfccbxtcreñ 

vepsre äythubxysq fvthbrfycrbq cnbkm. Kbyrjkmy-wtynh 

b ≤Rfhytub-öjkk≥ d Ymñ-Qjhrt – änj 

dctvbhyj bpdtcnyst pfks, ult bcgjkyztncz rkfccbxtcrfz 

vepsrf, öjnz jnkbxyst dscnegktybz cbvajyb 



xtcrbö jhrtcnhjd vjéyj ecksifnm gj dctq cnhfyt 

[http://www.findaconcert.com] 

Äynepbfcnjd vepsrfkmysö ije d Fvthbrt ghbdktrftn 

Åhjldtq. Nfrjt yfpdfybt yjcbn jlyf bp cfvsö 

pyfvtybnsö ekbw Ymñ-Qjhrf. Jyj jnyjcbncz 

nfrét r ghbktufñobv hfqjyfv d hflbect 12 rdfhnfkjd 

– änj ≤Juyb Åhjldtz≥. D Cjtlbytyysö Infnfö 

åhjldtqcrbt vñpbrks gjcnjzyyj djphjélfñncz d 

gjcnfyjdrt vtcnysö ntfnhjd. 

Vepsrfkmyst bycnhevtyns. Veptq ≤Vtnhjgjkbnty≥ 

d Ymñ-Qjhrt [http://www.metmuseum.org/Works_ 

of_Art/department.asp?dep=18] ärcgjybhetn htlrbt 

vepsrfkmyst bycnhevtyns rfr ghjbpdtltybz bcreccndf. 

Yfwbjyfkmysq veptq fvthbrfycrjq bcnjhbb d 

Dfibyunjyt dscnfdkztn htlrbt cnheyyst bycnhevtyns 

Cnhflbdfhb c erhfitybzvb, hjzkb, rkfdtcbys b 

ubnfhs, f nfrét ltvjycnhbhetn ärcgjpbwbb, gjcdzotyyst 

ktutylfhysv léfpjdsv bcgjkybntkzv Äkkt 

Abwléthfkml b Lñre Äkkbyunjye. 

D Vepsrfkmyjv veptt Rfhkcåflf (infn 

Rfkbajhybz), ytlfktrj jn Cfy-Lbtuj [http://www. 

museumoamakingmusic.org] ärcgjybhetncz cdsit 

500 bycnhevtynjd, b ghtlkfufñncz bynthfrnbdyst 

felbj- b dbltjvfnthbfks. Veptq vepsrb b bcreccnd 

Atylthf [http://www.fendermuseum.com] d ghbujhjlt 

Kjc-Fylétktcf Rjhjyt (infn Rfkbajhybz) ghtlcnfdkztn 

d ärcgjpbwbzö 50-ktnyññ bcnjhbñ ubnfh 

Atylthf. 

D ujhjlt Dthvbkbjyt (infn Ñéyfz Lfrjnf) yf 

Dtkbrbö hfdybyfö Yfwbjyfkmysq veptq vepsrb 

[http://www.usd.edu/smm] ltvjycnhbhetn 750 vepsrfkmysö 

bycnhevtynjd. 

Relf ås ds yb gjtöfkb d Cjtlbytyysö Infnfö, 

ds dcnhtnbnt fvthbrfywtd, dkñåktyysö d ≤cdjñ≥ 

vepsre – åelm nj léfp, åkñp, rfynhb, dtcnthy, 

hjr-y-hjkk bkb rfrjq-kbåj lheujq éfyh. Jyb c hfljcnmñ 

ltkzncz cdjtq kñåjdmñ b cdjbv vfcnthcndjv 

c ujcnzvb. Ckeifnm bö – yfcnjzott eljdjkmcndbt 

b eybrfkmysq cgjcjå gjpyfrjvbnmcz c hfpysvb 

htubjyfvb CIF, gjpdjkzñobq epyfnm j vyjujv. 

Dollar, Steve. Jazz Guide: New York City. New York: 

The Little Bookroom, 2003. 

Fussell, Fred C. Blue Ridge Music Trails. Chapel Hill and 

London: University of North Carolina Press, 2003. 

Knight, Richard. The Blues Highway: New Orleans to 

Chicago: A Travel and Music Guide. Hindhead, Surrey, 

UK: Trailblazer Publications, 2003. 

Millard, Bob. Music City USA: The Country Music 

Lover’s Travel Guide to Nashville and Tennessee. New York: 

Perennial, 1993. 

Unterberger, Richie. Music USA: The Rough Guide. 

London: The Rough Guides, 1999. 

Léjy Äldfhl Öfccb – ljrnjh 

yfer, cgtwbfkbcn gj bcnjhbb 

vepsrb, gbfybcn, eljcnjtyysq 

yfuhfl fdnjh b ghjlñcth. Jy 

hfåjnftn rehfnjhjv d Yfwbjyfkmyjv 

veptt fvthbrfycrjq 

bcnjhbb, ult dtlftn vepsrfkmysvb 

ärcgjpbwbzvb b ktrwbzvb, 

jcyjdfk jhrtcnh itltdhjd 

léfpf b jhufybpjdfk vtéleyfhjlysq 

vtczxybr léfpjdjq vepsrb. Jy fdnjh rybub 

≤Dyt dczrbö rfntujhbq: ébpym b utybfkmyjt ndjhxtcndj 

Lñrf Äkkbyunjyf≥, htlfrnjh rybub ≤Léfp: 

gthdjt cnjktnbt≥, fdnjh rybub ≤Öjeub Rfhvfqrk 

– rkfccbr≥ b ghjlñcth nhtö ghbkfuftvsö r ytq lbcrjd, 

pf rjnjhst gjkexbk ldt ghtvbb ≤Uhävvb≥. Jy 

htuekzhyj dscnegftn c ktrwbzvb jå fvthbrfycrjq 

vepsrt gj dctv Cjtlbytyysv Infnfv b d lheubö 

cnhfyfö vbhf. ∆ 

HTRJVTYLETVFZ KBNTHFNEHF 

Bird, Christiane. The Da Capo Jazz and Blues Lover’s 

Guide to the U.S. 3rd Ed. New York: Da Capo Press, 

2001. 

Cheseborough, Steve. Blues Traveling: The Holy Sites 

of Delta Blues. 2nd Ed. Jackson: University Press of 

Mississippi, 2004. 

Clynes, Tom. Music Festivals from Bach to Blues: 

A Traveler’s Guide. Canton, MI: Visible Ink Press, 1996. 


24 


Fvthbrfycrbt cjrhjdbof 

Vyjubt fvthbrfycrbt ljcnjghbvtxfntkmyjcnb – cbkeäns åjkmibö ujhjljd, dfibyunjycrbt åtkjvhfvjhyst 

vtvjhbfks, hfdybys b ujhs ≤rjdåjqcrjuj≥ Pfgflf b, rjytxyj ét, ckjdj ≤Ujkkbdel≥, dskjétyyjt 

juhjvysvb åerdfvb yf ujht d Kjc-Fylétktct – cnfkb bpdtcnys kñlzv dj dctv vbht åkfujlfhz rbyj b 

ntktdbltybñ. Vyjubv lfét rfétncz, xnj jyb pyfñn Fvthbre, yt gjåsdfd yb hfpe d cnhfyt. 

Jlyfrj, ghbtöfd d Cjtlbytyyst Infns, ujcnb jåyfheébdfñn elbdbntkmyj hfpyjjåhfpyeñ cnhfye, xfcnj 

cbkmyj jnkbxfñoeñcz jn bö jéblfybq, gjkyeñ xeltcysö pderjd, eybrfkmysö phtkbo, ärpjnbxtcrbö åkñl 

b lheétkñåysö, hfleiysö kñltq. 

AP/WWP Ajnj Åtn F. Rfqpth 

AP/WWP Ajnj Vfnnf Qjhrf 

Öjnz åfiyñ ≤Cbhp≥ d Xbrfuj, Åjkmijq 

rfymjy b ≤Lbcytq ejhkl≥, cnfdibt 

cbvdjkfvb Fvthbrb, ltqcndbntkmyj cnjbn 

edbltnm, d änjq cnhfyt tcnm b lheubt 

cjrhjdbof, b xfcnj yf ytghjnjhtyyjv 

genb dfc jéblftn ytvfkj cñhghbpjd. 

AP/WWP Ajnj Atkfyf V. Äåtyöfrf 

Ghtlcnfdmnt ctåt, r ghbvthe, Ymñ-Qjhr& Xnj Ds dblbnt? 

Rfr gj pfcytétyyjve Wtynhfkmyjve gfhre tltn afänjy? 

AP/WWP Ajnj Ejkkb Cfynfyf 

Vs cjcnfdbkb gjlåjhre ajnjuhfabq, gjrfpsdfñobö, rfr vjéyj hfcibhbnm djpvjéyjcnb pyfrjvcndf 

c Cjtlbytyysvb Infnfvb, lfét c ntvb vtcnfvb, rjnjhst, rfr Dfv rfétncz, bpdtcnys Dfv. 



Bynthtc r bcnjhbb CIF, yfghbvth, vjétn ghbdtcnb dfc yf atcnbdfkb 

rekmnehs fvthbrfycrbö byltqwtd, ghjdjlbvst dj dctö 50 infnfö, f yt 

njkmrj d pfgflysö [http://www.500nations.com/]. Änjn bylttw gktvtyb necrfhjhf 

dscnegftn d Ymñ-Qjhrt. Gj dctq cnhfyt kñåbntkb-pyfnjrb fvthbrfycrjq 

bcnjhbb djccjplfñn 

dtkbrbt åfnfkbb d bcnjhbb 

Fvthbrb. Yfbåjkmitq 

gjgekzhyjcnmñ gjkmpeñncz 

chfétybz dhtvty Djqys pf 

ytpfdbcbvjcnm (1774–1781) 

b Uhfélfycrjq djqys 

(1861–1865). Rjyrhtnyj jyb 

yt gjrfpfys pltcm, yj gjrfpfys 

lheubt fhntafrns, 

hfcrjgrb yf lhtdybö byltqcrbö 

rehufyfö b wtkst 

fvthbrfycrbt ctktybz, djcghjbpdtltyyst 

d njv dblt, 

d rfrjv jyb ceotcndjdfkb 

d hfpkbxyst bcnjhbxtcrbt 

gthbjls. 

AP/WWP Ajnj Äqghbk K. Åhfey 

AP/WWP Ajnj Vfqrkf Jrjytdcrb 

AP/WWP Ajnj Ctnf Gthkvfyf 

AP/WWP Ajnj Lé.L. Gekb 

AP/WWP Ajnj Läyyb Léjycnjyf 

Ds vjétnt eåtlbnmcz d 

njv, xnj yfib ukeåjrbt rjhyb 

d ctkmcrjv öjpzqcndt, gjåsdfd 

yf zhvfhrfö d infnfö b 

jrheufö. Cjnyb nfrbö zhvfhjr 

ghjdjlzncz ktnjv b jctymñ 

[http://www.expocentral.com/ 

agriculture/us_fairs/US_Fairs. 

html]. Zhvfhrb lfñn vtcnysv 

ébntkzv djpvjéyjcnm gjrfpfnm 

htpekmnfns cdjtuj nhelf 

pf ghjitlibq ujl. Pltcm ghjdjlzncz 

cjcnzpfybz yf nhfrnjhfö 

b gfhfls. Pltcm nhflbwbjyyst 

lkz zhvfhjr fnnhfrwbjys. 

Yf änjq ajnjuhfabb ds 

dblbnt ≤Lzlñ Cävf≥, jlye bp 

ytcrjkmrbö erhfityysö vfrtnjd 

≤rjhjd≥ yf zhvfhrt d 

Bkkbyjqct b fnnhfrwbjys yf 

zhvfhrt d Fhrfypfct. 

Tckb ds kñåbnt gjrfnfnmcz yf rfhectkb, gjrfxfnmcz yf rfxtkzö bkb bcgsnfnm åjktt jcnhst joeotybz yf 

cegthcjdhtvtyysö ≤fvthbrfycrbö ujhrfö≥, tcnm vyjuj cfvsö hfpysö gfhrjd fnnhfrwbjyjd [http://themeparks. 

about.com/od/findusthemeparks/] gjvbvj ldeö dctvbhyj bpdtcnysö lbcyttdcrbö. D gfhrt Cblfh-gjqyn d Jufqj, 

yfghbvth, tcnm fnnhfrwbjy ≤Vbkktybev ajhc≥ (cktdf dybpe) – yf dscjnt 95 vtnhjd ljcnbuftncz crjhjcnm 

cdsit 145 rbkjvtnhjd d xfc. 


26 


Tckb ds ghtlgjxbnftnt veptb, 

bö jxtym vyjuj gj dctq cnhfyt 

b jyb jxtym hfpyst [http://icom. 

museum/vlmp/usa.html bkb http: 

//www.museumlink.com/states. 

htm]: rkfccbxtcrjt bcreccndj, 

vjhcrbt ébdjnyst, bcreccndj 

gthtgktnf, rekmnehyjt yfcktlbt 

fvthbrfycrjuj Pfgflf b n.l. Yf 

cybvrt gjrfpfy Ltncrbq veptq d 

Bylbfyfgjkbct (infn Bylbfyf). 

Ajnj AP/WWP 

F rfr yfcxtn ärcrehcbb yf dbyjltkmyb? Fvthbrfycrbt dbyf ghjljkéfñn pfdjtdsdfnm vtéleyfhjlyst 

yfuhfls, b dbyjltkmyb, ghtlkfufñobt ärcrehcbb, ctqxfc tcnm gjxnb d rféljv infnt [http://www.travelenvoy. 

com/wine/USA.htm]. Cktdf dybpe gjrfpfys dbyjltkmyb Hjåthnf Vjylfdb d Rfkbajhybb. Nehbcns bp ujhjljd 

xfcnj elbdkzñncz, xnj Cjtlbytyyst Infns d ltqcndbntkmyjcnb jxtym ctkmcrfz cnhfyf. B fvthbrfyws ghbkfufñn 

ytvfkj ecbkbq r njve, xnjås cjöhfybnm tt nfrjq. Yf cybvrt bpjåhfétyf athvf d Gtycbkmdfybb, 

exfcndeñofz d ghjuhfvvt infnf gj cjöhfytybñ ctkmcrjöjpzqcndtyysö ptvtkm. Ghjtpéfz gj ctkmcrjq vtcnyjcnb, 

jcjåtyyj d Gtycbkmdfybb b Jufqj, ds vjétnt jrfpfnmcz yf jlyjq ljhjut c ntktérjq fvbitq (cghfdf 

dybpe). Fvbib, htkbubjpyfz uheggf ytvtwrjuj ghjbcöjéltybz, 

cnfhftncz åsnm d cnjhjyt jn cjdhtvtyyjq rekmnehs b bpåtuftn 

gjkmpjdfnmcz cjdhtvtyysvb eljåcndfvb; cvbhtybt b dpfbvjgjllthérf 

– ljåhjltntkb, rjnjhst yfghfdkzñn ébpym xktyjd änjq 

jåobys. 

AP/WWP Ajnj Rhbcf Ufhlythf 

AP/WWP Ajnj Njyb Ltléfrf 

AP/WWP Ajnj Ähbrf Hbcåthuf 



Lheubv fvthbrfywfv yhfdbncz 

ghjzdkznm cdjñ bylbdblefkmyjcnm 

b xfcnj d ñvjhbcnbxtcrjv 

rkñxt. Yf ≤Gbwwf-athvt≥ d Jknjyt 

(infn Bkkbyjqc) athvth 

dpzk exfcnjr d gjk-frhf, cltkfk 

tuj rheuksv b, hfphtpfd tuj yf 

≤kjvnb≥, jndtk rfélsq gjl dshfobdfybt 

jghtltktyyjuj byuhtlbtynf 

gbwws. Yf ktutylfhyjv 

Ijcct 66, ghjöjlzotv jn Xbrfuj 

lj Kjc-Fylétktcf, lj cbö gjh 

AP/WWP Ajnj Njvf Ufyyfvf 

AP/WWP Ajnj Vfqrf Ufkktnnf 

vjéyj edbltnm åhjcrbt fvthbrfycrbt ghbljhjéyst 

fnnhfrwbjys. Yf änjq ajnjuhfabb xkty Njhujdjq 

gfkfns ujhjlf Ufktys (infn Rfypfc) hfcrhfibdftn 

ljhjéyst erfpfntkb. J njv, xnj vjéyj edbltnm yf 

Ijcct 66 b lheubö fvthbrfycrbö nhfycrjynbytynfkmysö 

ljhjufö, xbnfqnt gj flhtce http://www.roadtrip 

usa.com/. 

Tckb ds yfcnjzobq kñåbntkm ärpjnbrb, jnghfdkzqntcm 

d Rfhötylé, d rekmnehysq pfgjdtlybr Rfh 

gjl Fkkfqtycjv (infn Ytåhfcrf), ult djcghjbpdtlty 

pyfvtybnsq åhbnfycrbq Cnjeyötylé d htfkmysö hfpvthfö 

b nfr ét jhbtynbhjdfy gj jnyjitybñ r Cjkywe. 

D Cjtlbytyysö Infnfö tcnm tot, gj vtymitq vtht, 

ltdznm dthcbq Cnjeyötyléf – ghbxtv ytrjnjhst 

bp ybö ltqcndbntkmyj cltkfys bp rfvyz, öjnz b c 

bcgjkmpjdfybtv gtys b jökflbntktq, cjjåoftn cfqn 

http://www.roadsideamerica.com/set/OVERhenges.html. 

Ljgjkybntkmyeñ byajhvfwbñ jå änbö b lheubö 

fvthbrfycrbö lbrjdbyrfö vjéyj yfqnb d htubjyfkmysö 

hfpltkfö geåkbrfwbb ≤Ärcwtynhbxyfz Fvthbrf: 

gentdjlbntkm Åhflnf gj cnhfyysv vtcnfv d CIF≥ 

yf cfqnt http://www.eccentricamerica.com/. 

AP/WWP Ajnj Lädblf Pfkeåjdcrb 


28 


Hfpevttncz, tckb ds öjnbnt gjcvjnhtnm yf cgjhnbdyeñ buhe bkb cfvjve ghbyznm d ytq exfcnbt, Cjtlbytyyst 

Infns – hfq lkz kñåbntktq cgjhnf. 

F lkz kñåbntktq ghbrkñxtybq yf ghbhjlt tcnm 

nfrbt pfödfnsdfñobt pfyznbz, rfr tplf yf cfyzö 

c cjåfxmbvb eghzérfvb yf Fkzcrt [http://www. 

iditarod.com] bkb gjrfpfyysq pltcm yf ajnjuhfabb 

pftpl yf rfzrfö – kturbö äcrbvjccrbö kjlrfö – 

d gfhrt Uhtqn-Ajkkcf yf ctdtht Dbhlébybb. 

AP/WWP Ajnj Äkkf Uhbkkj 

AP/WWP Ajnj Hjyf Älvjylcf 

Buhf, rjnjhfz yfxfkfcm c njuj, xnj cneltyns rjkktléf 

åhjcfkb lheu d lheuf nfhtkjxrb lkz gbhjujd bp 

gtrfhyb ≤Ahbcåb≥, ghtdhfnbkfcm d jåotyfwbjyfkmysq 

dbl cgjhnf. Yf cybvrt cneltyns eybdthcbntnf 

Åhfeyf b Lfhnven-rjkktléf ghbybvfñn exfcnbt d 

htubjyfkmyjv nehybht Yjdjq Fyukbb 2005 ujlf gj 

ahbpåb d Hjl-Fqktylt. Kfrhjcc, lhtdytqifz buhf 

fvthbrfycrbö byltqwtd, 

cnfk rjvfylyjq buhjq 

fvthbrfywtd – b chtlb 

veéxby, b chtlb étyoby, 

b gjgekzhyjcnm 

tuj hfcntn. Yf cybvrt 

bpjåhfétyf buhf vtéle 

rjvfylfvb eybdthcbntnjd 

infnjd Jhtujy b 

Dfibyunjy yf nehybht 

Nböjjrtfycrjq Ctdthjpfgflyjq 

cneltyxtcrjq 

kbub kfrhjccf d 2004 

ujle. 

AP/WWP Ajnj Léjyf Ahjifeähf 

AP/WWP Ajnj Flfvf Öfyuthf 



AP/WWP Ajnj Léekb Létqrjåcjy 

AP/WWP Ajnj Cmñ Juhjwrb 

Tckb ds kñåbnt cgjhn, yj ghtlgjxbnftnt cvjnhtnm cjhtdyjdfybz 

c nhbåeys, d CIF ytn ytljcnfnrf d phtkbofö: (gj xfcjdjq cnhtkrt, 

yfxbyfz jn dthöytuj ktdjuj eukf) rfélsq ujl d zydfht cjhtdyjdfybz 

gj fvthbrfycrjve aenåjke yf reåjr ≤Cegthåjkf≥ ghbdktrfñn vbkkbjys 

phbntktq cj dctuj vbhf; åtqcåjkmysq ctpjy pfrfyxbdftncz rféleñ 

jctym gjtlbyrjv gjåtlbntktq Yfwbjyfkmyjq b Fvthbrfycrjq kbu 

lkz jghtltktybz xtvgbjyf Dctvbhyjq cthbb; gjgekzhysq åfcrtnåjkmysq 

nehybh Yfwbjyfkmyjq fccjwbfwbb cneltyxtcrjuj cgjhnf, rjnjhsq 

xfcnj bvtyeñn ≤Vfhnjdcrjt åtpevbt≥; rjhjnrfz jcnfyjdrf ujyobrf 

Hbrrb Hfllf yf cjhtdyjdfybzö ≤Ltqnjyf-500≥ dj Akjhblt d 2005 

ujle gthtlftn fpfhn ujyjr YFCRFH. Gjdcñle d Cjtlbytyysö Infnfö 

tcnm vfccf djpvjéyjcntq d ntxtybt dctuj ujlf yfåkñlfnm, rfr 

cjhtdyeñncz ytghjatccbjyfks d änjv b lheubö dblfö cgjhnf. 

AP/WWP Ajnj Åjåf Léjhlfyf 

AP/WWP Ajnj Vfhrf Öfvahb 


30 


Byjcnhfyyst cneltyns: djpvjéyjcnm gjkexbnm 

jåhfpjdfybt vbhjdjuj rkfccf b ukeåét gjyznm 

Cjtlbytyyst Infns 

Rfélsq ujl cdsit gjkevbkkbjyf 

byjcnhfyysö cneltynjd 

ghbtpéfñn exbnmcz d Cjtlbytyyst 

Infns. B Cjtlbytyyst 

Infns c eljdjkmcndbtv bö ghbybvfñn. 

Xnj ås dfv yb ujdjhbkb, jrjkj 

80 ghjwtynjd dctö pfzdjr yf cneltyxtcrbt 

dbps eljdktndjhzñncz. 

Åjktt njuj, d gjcktlybt ldf ujlf 

fvthbrfycrbt rjycekmcndf ghjbpdtkb 

dféyst bpvtytybz c extnjv gjnhtåyjcntq 

byjcnhfyysö cneltynjd. 

Ntgthm ecnfyjdktys chjrb dbpjdsö 

cjåtctljdfybq, f d ytrjnjhsö vtcnfö 

jndjltyj dhtvz, rjulf cneltyns 

vjuen ghbqnb djjåot åtp rfrjq-kbåj 

ghtldfhbntkmyjq ljujdjhtyyjcnb. 

Ujcelfhcndtyysq ltgfhnfvtyn nfrét 

hfåjnftn c ghfdbntkmcndfvb lheubö 

cnhfy, cjplfdfz dpfbvyst ghjuhfvvs, 

gj rjnjhsv cneltyxtcrbt dbps jcnfñncz 

ltqcndbntkmysvb yf åjktt ghjljkébntkmysq chjr, 

f nfrét ghtlecvfnhbdfñncz vyjujrhfnyst dütpls, 

xnjås dj dhtvz rfybrek byjcnhfyysv cneltynfv 

ktuxt åskj tplbnm ljvjq. 

Gjybvfz, xnj cneltyns ljkéys erkflsdfnmcz d 

AP/WWP Ajnj Htrcf Fhåjufcnf 

Chtlb dsgecrybrjd Ghbycnjycrjuj eybdthcbntnf 

(infn Ymñ-Léthcb) – ldf ghtpbltynf CIF, 

djctvm celtq Dthöjdyjuj celf CIF b 

29 kfehtfnjd Yjåtktdcrjq ghtvbb. 

Ajnj ghtljcnfdktyj eybdthcbntnjv infnf Léjhlébz/Gjk Äakfyl 

Xfcjdyz eybdthcbntnf infnf Léjhlébz åskf gjcnhjtyf d 1823 ujle. 

étcnrbt chjrb, Ujcelfhcndtyysq 

ltgfhnfvtyn gjåeélftn rjycekmcndf 

yföjlbnm tot åjkmit djpvjéyjcntq 

ecrjhbnm jajhvktybt 

pfzdjr yf cneltyxtcrbt dbps. 

D ghjikjv ujle d fvthbrfycrbt 

dscibt extåyst pfdtltybz 

åskj pfxbcktyj åjktt 620 000 

byjcnhfyysö cneltynjd, f tot 

322 000 ghbtöfkb d hfvrfö hfpkbxysö 

frfltvbxtcrbö ghjuhfvv 

jåvtyf. 

Änb byjcnhfyyst cneltyns exfncz 

d fvthbrfycrbö rjkktléfö b 

bycnbnenfö gj ntv ét ghbxbyfv, 

xnj b fvthbrfyws: dscjrjt rfxtcndj 

jåhfpjdfybz, åtcghtwtltynyj 

ibhjrbq dsåjh bycnbnenjd b ghjuhfvv, 

åjkmifz ubårjcnm d gjcnhjtybb 

extåysö rehcjd. 

Yfhzle c ghtgjlfdfybtv yf dscjrjv ehjdyt rfr 

d nhflbwbjyysö, nfr b cfvsö yjdtqibö jåkfcnzö 

pyfybz, fvthbrfycrjt dscitt jåhfpjdfybt wtybncz 

tot b pf tuj jhbtynfwbñ yf ajhvbhjdfybt e cneltynjd 

yfdsrf cfvjcnjzntkmyjuj vsiktybz, hfpdbdfz 

d ybö cgjcjåyjcnm ghjbpdjlbnm kjubxtcrbq fyfkbp b 

cnhjbnm hfwbjyfkmyjt jåjcyjdfybt, f nfrét 

gjjohzz exfcnbt d ébdjq lbcreccbb. 

Gjljåyj yfitq rekmneht, yfif frfltvbxtcrfz 

chtlf dtcmvf hfpyjjåhfpyf. Ds 

vjétnt exbnmcz d ytåjkmijv rjkktlét, 

ult ds gjpyfrjvbntcm ghfrnbxtcrb cj dctvb 

d cneltyxtcrjv ujhjlrt, bkb d åjkmijv 

eybdthcbntnt, d rjnjhjv cneltyxtcrjt 

yfctktybt njkmrj jlyjuj jåotébnbz 

vjétn åsnm nfrbv ét, rfr yfctktybñ wtkjq 

lthtdyb. Tcnm ujhjlcrbt b ctkmcrbt 

rjkktléb, tcnm rjkktléb, yf åfpt rjnjhsö 

djpybrkb vfkst ujhjlf. Tcnm infncrbt 

rjkktléb b eybdthcbntns, abyfycbhetvst 

yfkjujgkfntkmobrfvb, ult gjkbnbrf 

ghbtvf åjktt jnrhsnfz, b xfcnyst 

extåyst pfdtltybz, rjnjhst åjktt hfpåjhxbds 

b jåsxyj åjktt ljhjubt. Tcnm rjkktléb 

xbcnj nhflbwbjyyst, f tcnm nfrbt, rjnjhst 

ujhlzncz cdjbv cjdhtvtyysv gjlöj 



AP/WWP Ajnj Fylétks Hjekbyuc 

61 xtkjdtr bp VNB (Vfccfxectncrjuj ntöyjkjubxtcrjuj bycnbnenf) cnfkb kfehtfnfvb 

Yjåtktdcrjq ghtvbb. Änjn bycnbnen ghbyzk cdjbö gthdsö cneltynjd d 1865 ujle. 

ljv r jåhfpjdfybñ, ldeöktnybt b xtnshtöktnybt 

rjkktléb, c uevfybnfhysv b tcntcndtyyjyfexysv 

erkjyjv, extåyst pfdtltybz c hfpltkmysv b cjdvtcnysv 

jåextybtv ñyjitq b ltdeitr. R rfrjve 

ås extåyjve ghjabkñ ds yb cnhtvbkbcm, d Cjtlbytyysö 

Infnfö, ult vjéyj dsåbhfnm bp 3700 rjkktlétq 

b eybdthcbntnjd, ds yfqltnt lkz ctåz gjlöjlzott 

extåyjt pfdtltybt. 

Fvthbrf c åjkmibv edfétybtv jnyjcbncz r jåhfpjdfybñ, 

b änj – jlyf bp ghbxby, gj rjnjhsv e yfc 

vyjuj rjkktlétq b eybdthcbntnjd, rjnjhst cxbnfñncz 

kexibvb d vbht. Vs ltqcndbntkmyj 

ghbybvftv cgjcjåysö cneltynjd cj 

dctuj ptvyjuj ifhf, gjnjve xnj cxbnftv, 

xnj änj jåjufoftn dpfbvjgjybvfybt b 

cgjcjåcndetn ljcnbétybñ dscjrbö gjrfpfntktq 

dtplt b dj dctv. Vs ghbpsdftv 

dfc gjlfdfnm pfzdrb. 

Jgbcfybt hfpkbxysö ghjuhfvv c ghbceéltybtv 

lbgkjvjd b åtp lbgkjvjd, 

ghtlkfuftvsö d fvthbrfycrbö rjkktléfö, 

nbgs extåysö pfdtltybq, hfpüzcytybt 

aeylfvtynfkmysö ghbywbgjd fvthbrfycrjuj 

jåhfpjdfybz b vyjueñ lheueñ 

byajhvfwbñ vjéyj yfqnb gj flhtce 

http://educationusa.state.gov. 

Dj dhtvz extås d fvthbrfycrjv rjkktlét 

bkb eybdthcbntnt e dfc åeltn djpvjéyjcnm 

yt njkmrj hfcibhbnm pyfybz 

d dsåhfyyjq dfvb jåkfcnb pyfybq, yj 

b åkfujlfhz gjtplrfv b gjdctlytdysv 

rjynfrnfv c fvthbrfywfvb ds cvjétnt 

ltqcndbntkmyj åjkmit epyfnm j ébpyb d 

Cjtlbytyysö Infnfö – ujhfplj åjkmit, 

xtv ds cvjétnt epyfnm, cjdthifz rjhjnreñ 

nehbcnbxtcreñ gjtplre. 

Änj vjétn djjleitdkznm, yj tot b cjplfdfnm 

ghjåktvs: gbnfybt b, gjéfkeq, rkbvfn 

vjuen åsnm cjdthityyj lheubvb; dfv ghbltncz 

pfdjlbnm yjdsö lheptq b åeltn yt ödfnfnm 

ghbdsxyjq ljvfiytq jåcnfyjdrb; gjdtltybt 

b jåobt ecnfyjdrb fvthbrfywtd, c rjnjhsvb 

ds dcnhtxftntcm, vjétn jpflfxbdfnm bkb lfét 

hfccnhfbdfnm dfc. D ljgjkytybt r cdjbv 

extåysv pfyznbzv dfv gjyfljåbncz yfexbnmcz 

vyjubv åsnjdsv dtofv: rfr yföjlbnm ljhjue, 

gjkmpjdfnmcz fvthbrfycrbv åfyrjv, öjlbnm 

d vfufpby, jhbtynbhjdfnmcz d hfpvthfö, 

dshfétyysö yt d vtnhbxtcrjq cbcntvt. 

Jxtdblyj, öjhjieñ ckeéåe dfv cjckeéfn 

kñåjdm r ghbrkñxtybzv b xedcndj 

ñvjhf. 

Bcgjkmpeqnt äne djpvjéyjcnm edbltnm 

Fvthbre b tt yfhjl dåkbpb, xnjås ghjdthbnm, 

cjjndtncndetn kb ltqcndbntkmyjcnb njn jåhfp 

Fvthbrb, rjnjhsq e dfc åsk. Vs levftv, ds cjxntnt 

yfc åjktt ckjéysvb, xtv ds ctåt ghtlcnfdkzkb. 

Åelmnt jnrhsnsvb, ujnjdsvb djcghbyznm yjdjt. 

Gjcrjkmre Cjtlbytyyst Infns cjplfdfkbcm bvvbuhfynfvb, 

rjnjhst ghbåsdfkb djkyf pf djkyjq b rjnjhst 

ghbdyjcbkb cjåcndtyyst wtyyjcnb b rekmnehe, 

änf cnhfyf jnkbxftncz juhjvysv hfpyjjåhfpbtv vytybq 

b cnfylfhnjd b tt ébntkb ghjcnj yt vjuen åsnm 

cdtltys r ytcrjkmrbv cnthtjnbgfv. Dthyj, tcnm öfhfrnthyst 

xthns – dgjkyt vjéyj cltkfnm dsdjl. 

AP/WWP Ajnj Gjkf Cfrevf 

D Cnäyajhlcrjv eybdthcbntnt ghtgjlfñn ctvyflwfnm yjåtktdcrbö kfehtfnjd. 


32 


D jåotv, fvthbrfywfv cdjqcndtyyf 

cdjåjlyfz b ytajhvfkmyfz vfythf jltdfnmcz 

b nfrfz ét cdjåjlyfz b ytajhvfkmyfz 

vfythf d jåotybb lheu c lheujv, 

xnj gjhjq jyb rjyrehbheñn vtéle 

cjåjq, xnj jxtym ljhjéfn dhtvtytv b 

njxys d cktljdfybb hfcgbcfybñ cdjtuj 

lyz b wtyzn kbxyeñ ytpfdbcbvjcnm. 

Ytnhelyj nfrét ghbqnb r dsdjle, xnj 

d wtkjv fvthbrfyws lheétkñåys b 

jnrhsns, jåkflfñn xedcndjv ñvjhf, 

otlhs, vyjujuj ljåbdfñncz b evtñn 

hfåjnfnm dvtcnt, ybrjuj yt jncnhfyzz. 

Jlyfrj bvtqnt d dble: vyjubt fvthbrfyws 

ghjzdkzñn kbim ytrjnjhst bp änbö 

≤nbgbxysö≥ xthn bkb djjåot bö yt ghjzdkzñn 

– njxyj nfr ét, rfr kñlb b d 

dfitq cnhfyt vjuen åsnm, f vjuen b yt 

åsnm ≤nbgbxysvb≥. 

Gjvybnt, xnj vyjubt lheubt bcgsnsdfkb 

nfrbt ét djkytybz b gthtébdfybz, 

rjulf exbkbcm d Cjtlbytyysö Infnfö b, 

gj vytybñ åjkmibycndf, änjn jgsn d bnjut jrfpfkcz 

jxtym gjktpysv rfr d extåyjv, nfr b d kbxyjv gkfyt. 

Åelmnt edthtys: eybdthcbntn gjcnfhftncz gjvjxm 

dfv gjxedcndjdfnm ctåz rfr ljvf d cneltyxtcrjq chtlt 


Vfhif Vbkkth/Ntöfccrbq eybdthcbntn d Jcnbyt 

Ntöfccrbq eybdthcbntn d Jcnbyt bpdtcnty yf dcñ cnhfye cdjtq eybrfkmyjq åbåkbjntxyjq 

cbcntvjq b extåysvb ghjuhfvvfvb. 

Cfveñ gjlhjåyeñ byajhvfwbñ, gjvjufñoeñ 

gjyznm ébpym d Cjtlbytyysö Infnfö, byjcnhfyyst 

cneltyns vjuen yfqnb gj flhtce http://educationusa. 

state.gov/life.htm. ∆ 



Nfrjq ifyc htlrj dsgflftn d ébpyb: 

cbcntvf ghbtvf byjcnhfyysö cneltynjd 

d fvthbrfycrbt rjkktléb 

Ltqk Ufa, ukfdf Vtéleyfhjlysö cneltyxtcrbö ckeéå Fvthbrfycrjq 

fccjwbfwbb ghbtvysö rjvbccbq rjkktlétq 

Fvthbrfycrfz fccjwbfwbz ghbtvysö rjvbccbq, Dfibyunjy, jrheu Rjkevåbz 

http://www.aacrao.org 

Tckb ds cneltyn b yfvthtdftntcm 

gjlfnm 

pfzdktybt j ghbtvt d 

rjkktlé bkb eybdthcbntn d 

Cjtlbytyysö Infnfö, dfv 

dféyj gjyznm ghjwtlehs, 

rjnjhsv cktletn åjkmibycndj 

fvthbrfycrbö bycnbnenjd, 

htifz djghjc j pfxbcktybb. 

D lheubö cnhfyfö htitybt 

j djpvjéyjcnb ghbyznm 

pfheåtéysö cneltynjd, rjnjhst 

ghböjlzn bp lheubö 

cbcntv jåhfpjdfybz, jåsxyj 

dsyjcbn vbybcnthcndj jåhfpjdfybz bkb lheujq 

jhufy c fyfkjubxysvb aeyrwbzvb. D Cjtlbytyysö 

Infnfö rfélsq rjkktlé bkb eybdthcbntn dghfdt 

ecnfyfdkbdfnm cdjb cnfylfhns ghbtvf b rhbnthbb, 

jghtltkzñobt, cjjndtncndetn kb frfltvbxtcrbq ehjdtym 

gjlujnjdrb cneltynf änjve cnfylfhne. 

AP/WWP Ajnj Fkfyf Lbfcf 

Veccf Lfj bp Rjn-l’Bdefhf e döjlf d cneltyxtcrbq rybéysq vfufpby 

Akjhblcrjuj vtéleyfhjlyjuj eybdthcbntnf d Vfqfvb (infn Akjhblf). 

AP/WWP Ajnj Dbrnjhbb Fhjxj 

Gjkf Ybhitk, jhufybpfnjh ≤Bybwbfnbds gj jåhfpjdfybñ lkz 

faufycrbö étyoby≥, c ldevz exfcnybwfvb ghjuhfvvs d 

eybdthcbntnt Hjléthf Ebkmzvcf d Åhbcnjkt (infn Hjl-Fqktyl). 

Xtv dsit cnfylfhn, ntv 

åjktt bpåbhfntkty rjkktlé 

b ntv nhelytt nelf 

gjcnegbnm. D wtkjv fvthbrfycrbt 

extåyst pfdtltybz 

rkfccbabwbheñncz yf: 

1) dscjrj bpåbhfntkmyst; 

2) bpåbhfntkmyst; 

3) ytcrjkmrj bpåbhfntkmyst; 

4) c jnrhsnsv ghbtvjv 

(bycnbnens, bvtñobt 

djpvjéyjcnm ghbybvfnm 

cneltynjd ytpfdbcbvj jn 

ehjdyz bö gjlujnjdrb). 

Gjänjve ehjdtym dfitq 

ghtéytq gjlujnjdrb d jlybö bycnbnenfö vjétn cjjndtncndjdfnm 

cnfylfhnfv, f d lheubö – ytn. 

Rjkktlé bkb eybdthcbntn jåzpfy hfccvjnhtnm 

dfi ehjdtym gjlujnjdrb, xnjås jghtltkbnm, cjjndtncndetnt 

kb ds cnfylfhne, nhtåeñotvecz lkz 

ghbtvf. 

Dj vyjubö bycnbnenfö ehjdtym dfitq gjlujnjdrb 

jwtybdfñn bö cjåcndtyyst cjnhelybrb. Lheubt 

extåyst pfdtltybz vjuen gjnhtåjdfnm, xnjås ds 

ghtlcnfdbkb cdtltybz j cdjtq ghtlsleotq extåt d 

futyncndj, cgtwbfkbpbheñottcz yf jwtyrt jåütvf 

b rfxtcndf jåhfpjdfybz, gjkextyyjuj pf ghtltkfvb 

CIF. Byjulf bycnbnen erfpsdftn rjyrhtnyjt futyncndj 

bkb lftn dfv cgbcjr ytcrjkmrbö futyncnd, bp 

rjnjhjuj ds vjétnt dsåbhfnm. Ytcvjnhz yf nj, xnj 

änb futyncndf ghjbpdjlzn jwtyre dfituj ghtlsleotuj 

jåhfpjdfybz b ghtlcnfdkzñn tt d bycnbnen, jyb 

yt htifñn djghjcf j dfitv ghbtvt. Nfrjt htitybt 

ghbybvftn njkmrj rjkktlé bkb eybdthcbntn, d rjnjhsq 

ds gjlfkb pfzdktybt. 

Dybvfntkmyj xbnfqnt bycnherwbb yf rféljq ajhvt, 

rjnjheñ ds ljkéys pfgjkybnm ghb gjlfxt ljrevtynjd. 

Nofntkmyj cktleqnt erfpfybzv. Tckb ds gjlftnt 

pfzdktybz chfpe d ytcrjkmrj bycnbnenjd, dfv, 



FG/eybdthcbntn Ñéyjuj Vbccbcbgb Ajnj Cnbdf Hfepf 

Cneltyn bp Ñéyjq Rjhtb d Bycnbnent fyukbqcrjuj zpsrf ghb eybdthcbntnt 

Ñéyjuj Vbccbcbgb eujoftn rjhtqcrbv åkñljv yf tétujlyjv eybdthcbntncrjv 

vtéleyfhjlyjv atcnbdfkt rekbyfhyjuj bcreccndf. 

dthjznyj, ytjåöjlbvj cktljdfnm d rféljv ckexft 

hfpysv bycnherwbzv. Yt bcöjlbnt bp njuj, xnj nhtåjdfybz 

jlyjuj bycnbnenf nfrbt ét, rfr d lheujv. 

Ytpfdbcbvj jn njuj, åeltn kb hfccvfnhbdfnm dfib 

ljrevtyns rjkktlé bkb eybdthcbntn, d rjnjhsq 

ds gjlftnt pfzdktybt, bkb ytpfdbcbvjt futyncndj, 

relf dfc yfghfdbkb, dfv ytjåöjlbvj åeltn ghtlcnfdbnm 

dct cdtltybz j cdjtq ghtéytq extåt: 

¤ Dfv ytjåöjlbvj bvtnm jhbubyfks bkb pfdthtyyst 

rjgbb dctö ljrevtynjd c ghtlsleotuj 

vtcnf extås. Ljrevtyn, cjlthéfobq cdtltybz 

jå bpexfdiböcz ghtlvtnfö c erfpfybtv frfltvbxtcrbö 

xfcjd b jnvtnjr, yfpsdftncz ≤nhfycrhbgnjv≥, 

yfghfdkztncz d bycnbnen, d rjnjhsq 

ds gjlftnt pfzdktybt, b d futyncndj, rjnjhjt 

åeltn jwtybdfnm dfit jåhfpjdfybt. ≤Jabwbfkmysq 

nhfycrhbgn≥ jpyfxftn, xnj irjkf, bycnbnen 

bkb eybdthcbntn, d rjnjhsö ds exbkbcm, cfvb 

ljkéys yfghfdbnm rjgbb dfituj cdbltntkmcndf 

jå jåhfpjdfybb ytgjchtlcndtyyj d bycnbnen, d 

rjnjhsq ds gjlftnt pfzdktybt, b/bkb d futyncndj. 

Ds rfr pfzdbntkm yt ljkéys gjcskfnm änb 

ljrevtyns d bycnbnen cfvb, gjcrjkmre d änjv 

ckexft bö vjuen yt cxtcnm ≤jabwbfkmysvb≥. 

¤ Ljrevtyns jå jåhfpjdfybb yt yf fyukbqcrjv 

zpsrt ytjåöjlbvj gthtdtcnb. Rjgbz gthtdjlf 

nfrét ljkéyf åsnm yfghfdktyf d bycnbnen, d 

rjnjhsq ds gjlftnt pfzdktybt, b/bkb d futyncndj, 

jwtybdfñott dfit jåhfpjdfybt. Bycnbnens 

b futyncndf ljkéys åelen bvtnm ljrevtyn jå 

jåhfpjdfybb b yf zpsrt jhbubyfkf, b d gthtdjlt. 

¤ Dfv yflj åeltn eltkbnm jcjåjt dybvfybt 

bycnherwbzv gj gthtdjle. Djpvjéyj, dfv gjyfljåbncz 

ghtlcnfdbnm ≤jabwbfkmysq≥ gthtdjl 

bkb gthtdjl, dsgjkytyysq ≤egjkyjvjxtyysv≥ 

bkb ≤kbwtypbhjdfyysv≥ gthtdjlxbrjv. B dct 

ét ytrjnjhst bycnbnens b futyncndf vjuen hfphtibnm 

dfv cltkfnm gthtdjl cfvjcnjzntkmyj, 

tckb ds ljcnfnjxyj öjhjij dkflttnt fyukbqcrbv 

zpsrjv. 

¤ Ärpfvtys zdkzñncz dféyjq xfcnmñ ghjwtccf, 

d htpekmnfnt rjnjhjuj fvthbrfycrbt bycnbnens 

htifñn, ljgecrfnm kb dfc r cdjbv ghjuhfvvfv. 

Tckb ds exbkbcm d jåhfpjdfntkmyjq cbcntvt 

c ujcelfhcndtyysvb ärpfvtyfvb, nfrbvb 

rfr åfrfkfdhbfn dj Ahfywbb bkb ärpfvtys 

jåsxyjuj b/bkb ghjldbyenjuj ehjdyz d Dtkbrjåhbnfybb, 

dfv ytjåöjlbvj åeltn ghbckfnm rjgbb 

htpekmnfnjd änbö ärpfvtyjd. 

¤ Tckb ds gjlftnt pfzdktybt yf gthdsq rehc 

åfpjdjuj ehjdyz (c gjkextybtv lbgkjvf åfrfkfdhf), 

dfv nfrét vjétn gjyfljåbnmcz ghjqnb 

jghtltktyyst cnfylfhnyst jwtyjxyst ntcns, 

jåsxyj jåzpfntkmyst lkz fvthbrfycrbö pfzdbntktq, 

nfrbt rfr SAT (Scholastic Aptitude Test) 

bkb ACT (American College Test). Extåyst pfdtltybz 

cjjåofn dfv, rfrbt ntcns ghjöjlbnm b 

rfr gjlujnjdbnmcz r ntcnbhjdfybñ. 

¤ Nt, rnj gjlftn pfzdktybt d fcgbhfynehe (c gjkextybtv 

cntgtyb vfubcnhf bkb ljrnjhf), vjuen 

åsnm jåzpfys ghjqnb ntcn lkz gjcnegktybz d 

vfubcnhfnehe GRE (Graduate Record Examination) 

Ajnj ghtljcnfdktyj Djcnjxysv vtyyjybncrbv eybdthcbntnjv 

Uheggf byjcnhfyysö cneltynjd d Djcnjxyjv vtyyjybncrjv eybdthcbntnt 

d Öfhhbcåthut (infn Dbhlébybz) pfybvfñncz yf keéfqrt. 

bkb ntcn ghb gjcnegktybb d vfubcnhfnehe gj 

rehce vtytlévtynf GMAT (Graduate Management 

Admission Test) ghb gjlfxt pfzdktybz yf gjkextybt 

cntgtyb MBA (Master of Business Administration) 

vfubcnhf ltkjdjuj flvbybcnhbhjdfybz. 

Jgznm ét bycnbnens, d rjnjhst ds gjlftnt pfzdktybz, 

cjjåofn dfv, rfrbt cnfylfhnyst ntcns 

jåzpfntkmys ghb gjlfxt pfzdktybz d fcgbhfynehe 

b rfr gjlujnjdbnmcz r ntcnbhjdfybñ. 

¤ Tckb fyukbqcrbq yt zdkztncz dfibv hjlysv 

zpsrjv bkb tckb ds exbkbcm d cnhfyt bkb ht 


35 


AP/WWP Ajnj Léjyf R. Öäyrjrf 

Cneltyns bp Zgjybb hfåjnfñn d Bynthytnt d Vtéleyfhjlyjv 

cneltyxtcrjv wtynht ghb eybdthcbntnt Rjyrjhl d Fntyct 

(infn Pfgflyfz Dbhlébybz). 

ubjyt, ult fyukbqcrbq yt zdkztncz hjlysv zpsrjv 

tuj ébntktq, kbwf, gjlfñobt pfzdktybz 

rfr yf åfpjdsq ehjdtym, nfr b d fcgbhfynehe, 

vjuen åsnm jåzpfys ghtlcnfdbnm htpekmnfns 

ntcnf yf dkfltybt fyukbqcrbv zpsrjv, nfrjuj 

rfr ntcn gj fyukbqcrjve zpsre rfr byjcnhfyyjve 

TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language). 

Kbwf, gjlfñobt pfzdrb d fcgbhfynehe c wtkmñ 

cnfnm fccbcntynfvb ghtgjlfdfntktq, vjuen nfrét 

åsnm jåzpfys ghjqnb ntcn gj hfpujdjhyjve 

fyukbqcrjve zpsre TSE (Test of Spoken English) 

d rfxtcndt ljrfpfntkmcndf bö cgjcjåyjcnb ghtgjlfdfnm 

yf fyukbqcrjv zpsrt. 

¤ Tckb dfv yeéyf dbpf F-1 bkb M-1 (cneltyxtcrfz) 

bkb dbpf J-1 (gjtplrf gj jåvtye), dfv 

ytjåöjlbvj åeltn ghtlcnfdbnm ljrfpfntkmcndf 

yfkbxbz ljcnfnjxyjq abyfycjdjq gjllthérb yf 

dtcm chjr ghtlgjkfuftvjq extås. Åjkmibycndj 

rjkktlétq b eybdthcbntnjd CIF ghtlkjéfn 

dfv pfgjkybnm ajhve j abyfycjdjv jåtcgtxtybb 

dfitq extås bkb cjjåofn, rfrbt ljrevtyns 

ytjåöjlbvs. Jåsxyj yflj pfgjkybnm ajhve 

c erfpfybtv bcnjxybrjd dfitq abyfycjdjq gjllthérb, 

f nfrét ghtlcnfdbnm tt gjlndthéltybt. 

Jgznm ét nofntkmyj cktleqnt bycnherwbzv gj 

pfgjkytybñ abyfycjdsö ljrevtynjd. 

¤ Xhtpdsxfqyj dféys chjrb^ Gjéfkeqcnf, eltkzqnt 

jcjåjt dybvfybt kñåsv chjrfv, erfpfyysv 

yf ajhvt pfzdktybz. Yf ghbtv byjcnhfyysö 

cneltynjd d fvthbrfycrbt bycnbnens eöjlbn 

åjkmit dhtvtyb, xtv yf ghbtv fvthbrfywtd. 

Åjkmibycndj rjkktlétq b eybdthcbntnjd ecnfyfdkbdfñn 

åjktt hfyybt chjrb gjlfxb pfzdktybq 

lkz byjcnhfyysö cneltynjd, b dféyj, xnjås 

dfit pfzdktybt åskj gjkextyj lj änjuj chjrf. 

Vyjubt fvthbrfycrbt rjkktléb b eybdthcbntns 

tétujlyj gjkexfñn cjnyb bkb lfét nsczxb 

pfzdktybq jn byjcnhfyysö cneltynjd. Xnjås 

dfit pfzdktybt hfccvjnhtkb lkz ghbtvf yf étkftvsq 

ctvtcnh, dfv yflj åeltn ljåbnmcz njuj, 

xnjås dct vfnthbfks åskb gjkextys d ecnfyjdktyyst 

chjrb. 

¤ Dfv yfcnjzntkmyj htrjvtyletncz gjctnbnm rjycekmnfnbdysq 

wtynh EducationUSA, tckb nfrjdjq 

tcnm gjåkbpjcnb jn dfc d dfitq cnhfyt. Cjnhelybrb 

jabcjd EducationUSA vjuen ghtljcnfdbnm 

dfv byajhvfwbñ j gjlfxt pfzdktybq d fvthbrfycrbt 

rjkktléb b eybdthcbntns. E ybö nfrét 

tcnm byajhvfwbz j rjyrhtnysö bycnbnenfö, b 

jyb vjuen gjvjxm dfv d gjbcrfö extåyjuj pfdtltybz 

d Cjtlbytyysö Infnfö. Gjcjkmcndj CIF 

d dfitq cnhfyt vjétn cjjåobnm dfv, ult yföjlzncz 

jabcs EducationUSA, bkb ét ds vjétnt 

yfqnb äne b lheueñ byajhvfwbñ gj flhtce 

http://www.educationUSA.state.gov/centers.htm. 

Dfif extåf d Cjtlbytyysö Infnfö åeltn edktrfntkmyjq 

b ghbytctn cdjb gkjls. Xnjås yfxfnm cdjñ 

cneltyxtcreñ ébpym d Fvthbrt rfr vjéyj kexit, 

dybvfntkmyj cktleqnt bycnherwbzv rféljuj bycnbnenf. 

Tckb e dfc djpybrfñn djghjcs j ghjwtleht 

gjlfxb pfzdktybz bkb j njv, rfrbt ljrevtyns yflj 

ghtlcnfdbnm, jåhfnbntcm d bynthtceñobt dfc bycnbnens 

pf hfpüzcytybtv bkb gjvjomñ. ∆ 



Dscitt jåhfpjdfybt d CIF: abyfycbhjdfybt 

Yäycb Rtntre 

Rjjhlbyfnjh htubjyfkmyjuj jåhfpjdfntkmyjuj rjycekmnfnbdyjuj 

wtynhf d Fahbrt 

Ujcelfhcndtyysq ltgfhnfvtyn, Frrhf, Ufyf 

Ds öjnbnt exbnmcz d Cjtlbytyysö 

Infnfö? Djpvjéyj, ds 

jåhfnbkb dybvfybt yf nj, xnj 

cnjbvjcnm jåextybz d Cjtlbytyysö 

Infnfö dsit, xtv d cnhfyfö, ult 

cbcntvf jåhfpjdfybz yföjlbncz d 

dtltybb ujcelfhcndf, rjnjhjt wtynhfkbpjdfyyj 

eghfdkztn tñ. Yj vs 

yflttvcz, xnj ds nfrét pfvtnbkb, 

xnj dkjétyyst d fvthbrfycrjt jåhfpjdfybt 

chtlcndf ghbyjczn juhjvyst 

lbdbltyls, nfr xnj gjkexftncz, 

xnj drkflsdfnm ltymub d gjkextybt 

jåhfpjdfybz pltcm dsujlyj. 

Fvthbrfycrjt jåhfpjdfybt yt 

njkmrj ibhjrj pyfrjvbn dfc c dsåhfyyjq 

jåkfcnmñ pyfybq, yj lftn 

dfv ujhfplj åjkmit: ghfrnbxtcrbq 

jgsn, djpvjéyjcnm cfvbv hfåjnfnm 

d kfåjhfnjhbzö, ljcneg r cfvsv 

cjdhtvtyysv b otlhj abyfycbhetvsv 

gjvtotybzv b jåjheljdfybñ 

(pyftnt kb ds, xnj d ghjikjv ujle 

fvthbrfycrbv eybdthcbntnfv åskj 

dsltktyj 40 vkhl. ljkkfhjd yf bccktljdfntkmcreñ 

ltzntkmyjcnm?), djpvjéyjcnm hfpdbnm 

fyfkbnbxtcrbt yfdsrb d gbcmvtyyjq b ecnyjq 

htxb, djpvjéyjcnm cjplfnm ctnm ghjatccbjyfkmysö 

cdzptq b ecnfyjdbnm ntcyst jnyjitybz c ghjatccjhfvb, 

rjnjhst gjllthébdfñn dfib pfyznbz. Gjvbvj 

extås fvthbrfycrbt eybdthcbntns ghtlkjéfn 

dfv jåotébnbz, rkeås b cneltyxtcrbt jhufybpfwbb, 

cgjhnbdyst b hfpdktrfntkmyst rjvgktrcs, djpvjéyjcnb 

cnfébhjdrb b ghjuhfvvs jåvtyf c lheubvb 

eybdthcbntnfvb, cgtwbfkmyj hfphfåjnfyyst lkz 

njuj, xnjås hfcibhbnm dfi rheujpjh b cgjcjåcndjdfnm 

njve, xnjås ds cnfkb lbyfvbxyjq cbkjq dfituj 

jåotcndf gj djpdhfotybb ljvjq. Wtktecnhtvktyyst 

cneltyns ghb nofntkmyjv gkfybhjdfybb 

vjuen cybpbnm hfcöjls yf jåextybt, f nfrét vjuen 

gjkexbnm abyfycjdeñ gjvjom jn eybdthcbntnf, ult 

jyb exfncz. Ybét ghbdtltyj ytcrjkmrj cgjcjåjd 

rjynhjkbhjdfybz dfibö hfcöjljd yf jåextybt d Cjtlbytyysö 

Infnfö: 

Njåb Nfkåjn, AP/WWP 

Cneltyns yf rfvgect d eybdthcbntnt infnf 

Dthvjyn d Åthkbyunjyt; jy döjlbn d xbckj 25 

cfvsö gjgekzhysö fvthbrfycrbö eybdthcbntnjd, 

cjukfcyj gentdjlbntkñ gj fvthbrfycrbv 

rjkktléfv ”Kaplan/Newsweek College Guide” pf 

2006 ujl. 

¤ Gjctnbnt åkbéfqibq rjycekmnfnbdysq 

wtynh EducationUSA, ult 

ds cvjétnt gjkexbnm gjcktlyññ, 

dctcnjhjyyññ, njxyeñ b jåütrnbdyeñ 

byajhvfwbñ j djpvjéyjcnzö 

jåextybz d Cjtlbytyysö Infnfö. 

Wtynhs EducationUSA, gjllthébdftvst 

Ujcelfhcndtyysv 

ltgfhnfvtynjd CIF, åelen lkz 

dfc jabwbfkmysv bcnjxybrjv byajhvfwbb. 

Yfqnb åkbéfqibq r 

dfv wtynh EducationUSA vjéyj 

yf cfqnt www.educationUSA.state. 

gov/centers.htm. 

¤ Jåcelbnt c hjlbntkzvb, rfr ds 

cjåbhftntcm abyfycbhjdfnm dfit 

jåhfpjdfybt d CIF. Dfib 

hjlbntkb (b, djpvjéyj, lheubt 

hjlcndtyybrb) ljkéys crfpfnm 

dfv, crjkmrj ltytu jyb vjuen 

dsltkznm dfv d ujl d ntxtybt xtnshtö 

ktn, rjnjhst jåsxyj nhtåeñncz 

yf gjkextybt åfpjdjuj 

eybdthcbntncrjuj jåhfpjdfybz. 

Bcöjlz bvtyyj bp änjq cevvs, 

yfpsdftvjq ≤ctvtqysv drkf-ljv≥, ds ljkéys 

dsåhfnm eybdthcbntns, relf ds cjåbhftntcm gjlfdfnm 

ljrevtyns, b jnctznm ckbirjv ljhjubt 

lkz dfc extåyst pfdtltybz. 

¤ Gjlevfqnt j njv, xnj tot dféyj lkz dfc d dsåjht 

eybdthcbntnf: hfpvth, hfcgjkjétybt, eckjdbz 

ébpyb, jåkfcnb cgtwbfkbpfwbb, cgtwbfkmyst 

ghjuhfvvs, ltvjuhfabxtcrbt jcjåtyyjcnb 

b n.l. Rjulf dsåbhfnm ghböjlbncz bp åjktt 

nhtö nsczx extåysö pfdtltybq, yeéyj pyfnm, 

xnj bvtyyj botim. 

¤ Ceotcndeñn cgtwbfkmyst bplfybz, d rjnjhsö 

ghbdjlbncz byajhvfwbz, rfcfñofzcz byjcnhfyysö 

cneltynjd: nhtåjdfybz lkz gjcnegktybz, 

cnjbvjcnm b abyfycjdfz gjvjom. D wtynhfö 

EducationUSA cnjbn gjbcrfnm ldf nfrbö bplfybz: 

The College Board International Student 

Handbook b Applying to Colleges and Universities 

in the United States bplfntkmcndf ≤Gbnthcjyc≥. 


37 


Gjvbvj abyfycjdjq gjvjob jn eybdthcbntnjd, 

rjnjheñ vs jåcelbv ybét, cgjcjås abyfycbhjdfybz 

dscituj jåhfpjdfybz d Cjtlbytyysö Infnfö gjgflfñn 

d jlye bp rfntujhbq, drhfnwt jgbcsdftvsö cktleñobv 

jåhfpjv: 

Chtlcndf ctvmb: Änj cfvsq hfcghjcnhfytyysq cgjcjå 

abyfycbhjdfybz chtlb fvthbrfycrbö uhfélfy b 

byjcnhfyysö cneltynjd, jåexfñoböcz d Cjtlbytyysö 

Infnfö. Gj vytybñ fvthbrfywtd, jgkfnf jåhfpjdfybz 

– änj d gthdeñ jxthtlm jåzpfyyjcnm cfvjuj cneltynf 

b tuj ctvmb. 

Chtlcndf rjkktlétq b eybdthcbntnjd: Dnjhjq bp 

cfvsö hfcghjcnhfytyysö bcnjxybr abyfycbhjdfybz 

jåhfpjdfybz – änj chtlcndf, ghtljcnfdkztvst 

eybdthcbntnjv. Chtlcndf ghtljcnfdkzñncz kbåj yf 

jcyjdfybb pfckeu (cnbgtylbb pf dscjreñ extåyeñ ecgtdftvjcnm), 

kbåj yf jcyjdfybb abyfycjdjq yeéls 

(abyfycjdfz gjvjom). 

Cnbgtylbb cgjhncvtyfv: Änj tot jlby bp bcnjxybrjd 

abyfycbhjdfybz jåhfpjdfybz. Ghb nofntkmyjv 

gkfybhjdfybb byjcnhfyyst cneltyns, ghtecgtdibt d 

rfrjv-kbåj dblt cgjhnf, vjuen bcgjkmpjdfnm cdjb 

cgjhnbdyst ljcnbétybz rfr jcyjde lkz abyfycbhjdfybz 

cdjtuj jåhfpjdfybz d Cjtlbytyysö Infnfö. 

Rjhgjhfnbdyst bkb bycnbnewbjyfkmyst cgjycjhs: 

Xfcnyjt cgjycjhcndj bp fvthbrfycrjuj bkb byjcnhfyyjuj 

bcnjxybrf vjétn åsnm d ajhvt bylbdblefkmyjuj 

cjukfitybz vtéle cneltynjv b cgjycjhjv bkb 

ghtljcnfdkznmcz yf jcyjdt rjyrehcf chtlb bpåhfyysö 

rfylblfnjd. Tckb rjvgfybz, ujcelfhcndtyyfz 

jhufybpfwbz bkb htkbubjpyfz uheggf ghtlkfuftn cneltyne 

abyfycbhjdfybt, jyf ljkéyf ghtljcnfdbnm gjlhjåyjt 

cdbltntkmcndj gjlkbyyjcnb cdjbö yfvthtybq, 

f nfrét gjlhjåyjcnb kñåsö eckjdbq (nfrbö, rfr 

gjcktleñofz dsgkfnf bkb hfåjnf d åeleotv), yf 

rjnjhst cjukfiftncz cneltyn. 

Ajyls b vtéleyfhjlyst jhufybpfwbb: Nfrbt bpdtcnyst 

jhufybpfwbb, rfr Jhufybpfwbz Jåütlbytyysö 

Yfwbq, dsåbhfñn cnbgtylbfnjd yf jcyjdfybb cdjbö 

ghbjhbntnjd d hfpdbnbb jnltkmyjq cnhfys. Cnbgtylbfnfvb, 

rfr ghfdbkj, cnfyjdzncz fcgbhfyns, f yt cneltyns 

åfpjdjuj xtnshtöujlbxyjuj rehcf jåextybz. 

Ghfdbntkmcndj dfitq cnhfys: Cghfdmntcm j ceotcndjdfybb 

ghjuhfvv gjllthérb jåextybz pf heåtéjv 

cj cnjhjys dfituj ghfdbntkmcndf. 

Fvthbrfycrjt ghfdbntkmcndj: Åjkmibycndj fvthbrfycrbö 

ujcelfhcndtyysö ghjuhfvv ghtlyfpyfxtyj 

lkz fcgbhfynjd. Herjdjlcndj ghjuhfvvfvb jceotcndkztncz 

jnltkfvb gj cdzpzv c jåotcndtyyjcnmñ d 

fvthbrfycrbö gjcjkmcndfö bkb Futyncndjv CIF gj 

vtéleyfhjlyjve hfpdbnbñ (FVH) yf jcyjdfybb ldecnjhjyybö 

cjukfitybq. 

Futyncndf, ghtljcnfdkzñobt cnbgtylbb: Jcnjhjéyj^ 

Ceotcndetn vyjétcndj afkmibdsö futyncnd. Ghb 

jåotybb c futyncndfvb cktletn cjåkñlfnm jcyjdyjt 

ghfdbkj: jnyjcbntcm rhfqyt jcnjhjéyj r futyncndfv, 

rjnjhst åthen gkfne pf byajhvfwbñ, dyt pfdbcbvjcnb 

jn njuj, yfcrjkmrj dgtxfnkzñot dsukzlzn bö bplfybz 

b yfcrjkmrj eåtlbntkmyj pdexfn ufhfynbb. 

Abyfycjdfz gjvjom jn eybdthcbntnjd: 

ghbywbgs hfåjns 

Chtlb byjcnhfyysö cneltynjd bltn byntycbdyfz 

rjyrehtywbz pf abyfycjdeñ gjvjom. Cneltyns c juhfybxtyysvb 

kbxysvb chtlcndfvb ljkéys jåkflfnm 

dslfñobvbcz rfxtcndfvb, xnjås gjkexbnm pyfxbntkmyst 

cevvs abyfycjdjq gjvjob. Pf abyfycjdjq 

gjvjomñ jåhfoftncz nfr vyjuj byjcnhfyysö cneltynjd, 

xnj lkz njuj, xnjås ljåbnmcz htitybz ghbtvyjq 

rjvbccbb d cdjñ gjkmpe, ytjåöjlbvj jåkflfnm 

ujhfplj åjkmibv, xtv åfpjdst yfdsrb. Cneltyns, 

cnhtvzobtcz gjkexbnm åjkmibt cnbgtylbb, ljkéys 

yfvyjuj jnkbxfnmcz jn lheubö chtlb åjkmijuj xbckf 

öjhjibö ghtntyltynjd. 

Gän Cfkkbdfy, AP/WWP 

Eybdthcbntn Hfqc d Ömñcnjyt, infn Ntöfc, htuekzhyj gjgflftn d cgbcrb 

≤cfvsö dsujlysö≥ d ärjyjvbxtcrjv gkfyt chtlb fvthbrfycrbö DEPjd. 

Rjycekmnfyn d EducationUSA gjvjétn dfv cjcnfdbnm 

dtcrjt b eåtlbntkmyjt pfzdktybt. D rjycekmnfnbdyjv 

wtynht ds yfqltnt gjktpyst herjdjlcndf gj 

yfgbcfybñ cjxbytybq b lheubv fcgtrnfv ghjwtccf 

gjcnegktybz. 

Hfpvths abyfycjdjq gjvjob b xbckj cneltynjd, 

gjkexfñobö abyfycbhjdfybt, cbkmyj hfpkbxfñncz 

d hfpysö pfdtltybzö, b jxtym ytvyjubt rjkktléb b 

eybdthcbntns ghtljcnfdkzñn abyfycjdeñ gjvjom, 

gjkyjcnmñ gjrhsdfñoeñ cnjbvjcnm jåextybz. Rféljt 

pfdtltybt ecnfyfdkbdftn cdjq åñlétn b gjhzljr 

ghtljcnfdktybz abyfycjdjq gjvjob byjcnhfyysv 

cneltynfv jnltkmyj jn abyfycjdjq gjvjob lkz 

uhfélfy CIF. 

Åjkmit dctuj abyfycjdjq gjvjob byjcnhfyysv 

cneltynfv dsltkzñn xfcnyst uevfybnfhyst rjkkt 



léb, f xfcnyst eybdthcbntns, rjnjhst dtlen ibhjreñ 

bccktljdfntkmcreñ hfåjne, pfybvfñn dnjhjt 

vtcnj. Jåextybt d infncrbö eybdthcbntnfö b ldeöujlbxysö 

vtcnysö rjkktléfö ltitdkt, yj jyb htlrj 

lfñn cnbgtylbb byjcnhfyysv cneltynfv. Ytrjnjhst 

pfdtltybz ghtljcnfdkzñn abyfycjdeñ gjvjom njkmrj 

ghb jcjåsö jåcnjzntkmcndfö bkb gj pfdthitybb 

(b jgkfnt) cneltynjv gthdjuj ujlf jåextybz. 

Cneltyns, étkfñobt gjkexbnm abyfycjdeñ gjvjom, 

ljkéys yfxbyfnm gjbcr extåyjuj pfdtltybz 

öjnz ås pf ujl, xnjås jcnfdbnm ctåt ljcnfnjxyj 

dhtvtyb yf hfccvjnhtybt hfpkbxysö bcnjxybrjd abyfycbhjdfybz, 

clfxe ytjåöjlbvsö ärpfvtyjd, gjlfxe 

ljrevtynjd lkz gjcnegktybz b pfzdktybz yf gjkextybt 

abyfycjdjq gjvjob. 

Cgjcjås cybétybz hfcöjljd yf 

jåhfpjdfybt 

Cybpbnm hfcöjls yf jåextybt – pyfxbn, gjkexbnm 

cnbgtylbñ. Öjnz gthtjwtybdfnm cdjb cgjcjåyjcnb d 

gkfyt cybétybz hfcöjljd yt cnjbn, dfv cktletn gjbcrfnm 

cgjcjås vbybvbpbhjdfnm pfnhfns yf gjkextybt 

jåhfpjdfybz. Djn ytcrjkmrj bltq: 

¤ Dsujlyst eckjdbz:Bobnt rjkktléb b eybdthcbntns, 

rjnjhst ghtlkfufñn cfvjt kexitt 

jåhfpjdfybt gj cfvjq ybprjq wtyt. Dfi rjycekmnfyn 

d EducationUSA vjétn ghtlkjébnm 

dfv ytcrjkmrj rybu b éehyfkjd, gjcdzotyysö 

yföjéltybñ dfhbfynjd gjkextybz öjhjituj jåhfpjdfybb 

pf chfdybntkmyj ytåjkmieñ gkfne. 

Vtcnyst rjkktléb, nfrbt rfr Jeäyc d u. Njktlj, infn Jufqj, ghtlkfufñn 

ldeöujlbxyst ghjuhfvvs jåextybz yf cntgtym vkflituj cgtwbfkbcnf. 

Läybäk Vbkkth, AP/WWP 

¤ Ecrjhtyyst ghjuhfvvs: Vjéyj cärjyjvbnm 

nsczxb ljkkfhjd, tckb pfdthibnm xtnshtöujlbxysq 

rehc jåextybz yf åfrfkfdhf pf nhb 

ujlf. Cneltyns vjuen ecrjhbnm ghjöjéltybt 

ghjuhfvvs gentv: f) ghjöjéltybz jlyjuj ljgjkybntkmyjuj 

rehcf d rféljv ctvtcnht (d jnltkmysö 

ckexfzö), å) gjctotybz ktnybö rehcjd, 

d) ghjöjéltybz rehcjd d åkbéfqitv vtcnyjv 

rjkktlét, tckb cnjbvjcnm jåextybz nfv ybét, 

f ghjqltyyst rehcs vjuen åsnm gjkyjcnmñ pfxntys 

d dfitv eybdthcbntnt, b u) gjkextybz 

pfxtnf pf rehcs eybdthcbntncrjuj ehjdyz (nfrbt 

rfr irjkmyst rehcs gjdsityyjuj ehjdyz 

ckjéyjcnb b irjkmyst ghjuhfvvs ≤åfrfkfdhbfn≥), 

ghjqltyyst dfvb yf hjlbyt. D ytrjnjhsö 

extåysö pfdtltybzö clfxf ärpfvtyjd lkz 

jghtltktybt ehjdyz gjlujnjdrb gj jnltkmysv 

ghtlvtnfv, xnjås njxyj ecnfyjdbnm, pfyznbz d 

rfrjq uheggt vjétn gjctofnm cneltyn, b ghtlüzdktybt 

htpekmnfnjd ljgjkybntkmysö SAT 

ntcnjd gj jnltkmysv ghtlvtnfv vjétn nfrét 

gjvjxm d gjkextybb ljgjkybntkmysö åfkkjd, 

ytjåöjlbvsö lkz gjkextybz cntgtyb. 

¤ Jcdjåjéltybt jn gkfns pf jåextybt lkz cneltynjd, 

ghjébdfñobö dyt infnf: D ytrjnjhsö 

infnfö jnltkmysv byjcnhfyysv cneltynfv 

ghtljcnfdkztncz djpvjéyjcnm jåexfnmcz gj 

åjktt ybprbv hfcwtyrfv, ghtlecvjnhtyysö lkz 

ébntktq infnf, xfcnj d rfxtcndt gjjohtybz pf 

bö jnkbxyst jwtyrb bkb frnbdyeñ hjkm d cneltyxtcrjq 

ébpyb. Byajhvfwbñ j djpvjéysö 

gjckfåktybzö gkfns pf jåextybt vjéyj gjkexbnm 

e cjnhelybrjd ghbtvyjq rjvbccbb bkb e 

rjycekmnfynf byjcnhfyysö cneltynjd. Byjcnhfyyst 

cneltyns nfrét vjuen bvtnm ghfdj yf cybétyyeñ 

gkfne, rjnjhfz ghtlecvfnhbdftncz lkz 

ébntktq infnf, tckb dfi hjlyjq ujhjl jabwbfkmyj 

zdkztncz gjåhfnbvjv ujhjlf, d rjnjhjv 

hfcgjkjéty fvthbrfycrbq eybdthcbntn. 

¤ Hfcöjls yf ghjébdfybt: Ds vjétnt cärjyjvbnm 

nsczxb ljkkfhjd yf jgkfnt ébkmz, tckb 

cnfytnt gjvjoybrjv rjvtylfynf cneltyxtcrjuj 

jåotébnbz. Pf hfåjne d cnjkjdjq ds gjkexbnt 

crhjvyeñ pfhgkfne b gbnfybt. Ghjébdfybt pf 

ghtltkfvb cneltyxtcrjuj ujhjlrf c hjlcndtyybrfvb 

bkb lhepmzvb cärjyjvbn chtlcndf, tckb 

ébkboyst eckjdbz nfv zdkzñncz ghbtvktvsvb 

b tckb eybdthcbntn ljcnegty gjchtlcndjv 

jåotcndtyyjuj nhfycgjhnf. 

¤ Ldeöujlbxyst b vtcnyst rjkktléb: Vyjubv 

fvthbrfycrbv b byjcnhfyysv cneltynfv ghjöjéltybt 

gthdsö ldeö ktn jåextybz d vtcnyjv 

ldeöujlbxyjv rjkktlét b gjcktleñobq gthtdjl 

d xtnshtöujlbxyjt extåyjt pfdtltybt gjpdj 


39 


kztn cärjyjvbnm nsczxb ljkkfhjd. Gthtl ntv, 

rfr gecnbnmcz d änj extåyjt pfdtltybt, eåtlbntcm, 

xnj ghb gthtdjlt dct ghjqltyyst dfvb 

rehcs åelen ghbpyfys pfdtltybtv, ghbceélfñobv 

cntgtym. 

¤ Hfåjnf: Cjukfcyj ltqcndeñobv bvvbuhfwbjyysv 

gjkjétybzv, byjcnhfyyst cneltyns, yföjlzobtcz 

d cnfnect F-1, vjuen hfåjnfnm yf rfvgect 

ytgjkysq hfåjxbq ltym. Jåsxyj cneltyns 

vjuen hfccxbnsdfnm yf 10–15 hfåjxbö xfcjd d 

ytltkñ dj dhtvz extåyjuj ujlf b yf gjkyeñ 

pfyznjcnm dj dhtvz rfybrek. Yf ghfrnbrt änbö 

pfhfåjnrjd vjétn ödfnbnm yf jgkfne gjdctlytdysö 

hfcöjljd, r ghbvthe, yf extåybrb, jltéle 

b ghjxbt vtkrbt hfcöjls, yj bö yt ödfnbn 

yf jgkfne cxtnjd pf jåextybt. Yf rfvgect ds 

vjétnt yfqnb vyjétcndj djpvjéyjcntq nheljecnhjqcndf, 

d njv xbckt, hfåjne d cnjkjdsö 

b åbåkbjntrfö. Gj vtht ghjldbétybz extås 

cneltyns vjuen pfyznm ljkéyjcnm kfåjhfynf 

bkb htgtnbnjhf, xnj vjétn jåjufnbnm extåysq 

ghjwtcc b jlyjdhtvtyyj ghbytctn ljöjl. Hfåjnf 

yf rfvgect gjgekzhyf chtlb fvthbrfycrbö cneltynjd, 

ujhlzoböcz cdjtq cfvjcnjzntkmyjcnmñ. 

¤ Ccels: Vyjubt rjkktléb b eybdthcbntns 

hfcibhzñn cdjb djpvjéyjcnb d gkfyt ghtljcnfdktybz 

abyfycjdjq gjvjob pf cxtn ghtljcnfdktybz 

xfcnb tt d dblt ccel. Bcnjxybrjv 

ccels vjuen ckeébnm rfr xfcnyst chtlcndf, 

yföjlzobtcz d hfcgjhzétybb eybdthcbntnf, nfr 

b abyfycjdst exhtéltybz, yt cdzpfyyst c ghjuhfvvfvb 

ccel atlthfkmyjuj ghfdbntkmcndf 

lkz uhfélfy b gjcnjzyysö ébntktq CIF. Lkz 

gjkextybz ytrjnjhsö ccel nhtåetncz gjhexbntkmcrfz 

gjlgbcm uhfélfybyf bkb gjcnjzyyjuj 

ébntkz CIF, n.t., ufhfynbz dsgkfns ljkuf cj 

cnjhjys uhfélfybyf bkb gjcnjzyyjuj ébntkz. 

Åjkmibycndj rjkktlétq b eybdthcbntnjd cnfhfñncz 

yt gthtuheéfnm byjcnhfyysö cneltynjd 

ytgjvthysvb ccelfvb. 

Ds cvjétnt cltkfnm änj 

Tckb rfélsq ujl åjktt gjkevbkkbjyf byjcnhfyysö 

cneltynjd ecgtiyj jceotcndkzñn ghjwtcc 

gjlfxb ljrevtynjd b htifñn djghjcs abyfycbhjdfybz, 

nj ds njét vjétnt änj cltkfnm. Nzétkfz hfåjnf 

jregbn ctåz – ds gjkexbnt jåhfpjdfybt, rjnjhjt 

lfcn njkxjr dfitq ébpyb, jnrhjtn genb r ljcnbétybñ 

dfibö wtktq b ghtljcnfdbn djpvjéyjcnb, j ceotcndjdfybb 

rjnjhsö ds lfét yt ljuflsdfkbcm. ∆ 



Htitybt, j rjnjhjv ds ybrjulf yt gjéfkttnt 

Ymzif Rfyufyuf, Pbvåfådt 

Cneltynrf öbvbrj-ntöyjkjubxtcrjuj afrekmntnf d Rjkktlét Ctyn-Rfnhby 

d u. Ctyn-Gjk, infn Vbyytcjnf 

Dsåjh vtcnf dlfkb jn ljvf, 

relf gjtöfnm exbnmcz, – änj 

jlyj bp cfvsö nhelysö htitybq, 

rjnjhst vs ljkéys ltkfnm d 

ébpyb. Dct vs öjnbv gjgfcnm nelf, 

ult yfv åeltn yt ckbirjv jlbyjrj 

b ult vs åeltv yt ckbirjv 

crexfnm gj ljve, n.t. d ceoyjcnb, 

nfrjt vtcnj, rjnjhjt åkbprj r bltfke. 

Hfåjnybrb rjycekmnfnbdyjuj 

wtynhf gjvjukb vyt ghbyznm nfrjt 

htitybt, b jyj jrfpfkjcm jlybv 

bp cfvsö elfxysö htitybq d vjtq 

ébpyb. Z jnghfdbkfcm d Rjkktlé 

Ctyn-Rfnhby d Vbyytcjnt. Joeotybt 

nfrjt, xnj bv åskj ljcnfnjxyj 

dpukzyenm yf vtyz jlby hfp, xnjås 

gjyznm, xnj bvtyyj vyt yeéyj b 

ult z kexibv jåhfpjv cvjue htfkbpjdfnm 

cdjb vtxns. 

Fvthbrf – pfvtxfntkmyfz cnhfyf, 

b d htfkmyjq ltqcndbntkmyjcnb jyf 

ujhfplj kexit, xtv yf ärhfyt ntktdbpjhf 

bkb d rbyj. 

Fvthbrfyws nfrbt hfpyst. Vyt rfétncz, xnj ≤nbgbxyjuj≥ 

fvthbrfywf ghjcnj yt ceotcndetn. B tckb 

ds pyfrjvs c jlybv bp ybö, änj tot yt pyfxbn, xnj 

ds gjybvftnt bö dctö^ Fvthbrfyws d Vbyytcjnt 

jxtym ljåhjétkfntkmys gj jnyjitybñ r cfvsv 

hfpysv kñlzv, jnrhsns gj jnyjitybñ r hfpysv 

rekmnehfv b wtyzn vyjujjåhfpbt rekmneh. Ybrnj yt 

lfdbn yf ntåz, xnjås ns åsk nfrbv, rfr dct, gjnjve 

xnj kñlb kñåzn ntåz nfrbv, rfrjq ns tcnm, b pf 

änj z bv jxtym åkfujlfhyf. 

Extåf d CIF bpvtybkf nj, rfr z dbée vyjubt 

ghjåktvs d vbht. Gjkextyyjt vyjq r yfcnjzotve 

vjvtyne uevfybnfhyjt jåhfpjdfybt yfexbkj vtyz 

vsckbnm rhbnbxtcrb, fyfkbpbhjdfnm dct cnjhjys djghjcf 

b jnlfdfnm ctåt jnxtn d njv, xnj vjb cjåcndtyyst 

ceéltybz vjuen åsnm ghtldpzns. Z epyfkf, xnj 

gjkjébntkmysq yfcnhjq gjvjuftn ljcnbufnm wtktq b 

xnj tckb åhfnmcz pf ltkj c leijq b c evjv, vjéyj 

ljcnbxm dctuj, xtuj gjétkftim. 

Z cjåbhfñcm gjkexbnm cntgtym åfrfkfdhf d jåkfcnb 

öbvbxtcrbö ntöyjkjubq b cgjcjåcndjdfnm hfpdbnbñ 

öbvbxtcrjq ghjvsiktyyjcnb d 

Pbvåfådt. 

Ytkmpz yt jnvtnbnm gjllthére 

cj cnjhjys cjnhelybrjd ghbtvyjq 

rjvbccbb lkz byjcnhfyysö cneltynjd 

rjkktléf. Jyb ghböjlbkb yf 

gjvjom fåcjkñnyj dj dctv. Jghtltkbkb 

ctvmñ, rjnjhfz dcnhtnbkf 

vtyz d fähjgjhne, gjvjukf vyt 

ecnhjbnmcz d vjtq rjvyfnt d jåotébnbb 

b gjllthébdfkf vtyz dj dctö 

vjbö yfxbyfybzö. Jpyfrjvbntkmyfz 

ghjuhfvvf, hfphfåjnfyyfz cgtwbfkmyj 

lkz byjcnhfyysö cneltynjd, åskf 

yfcnjkmrj gjlhjåyjq, xnj r tt pfdthitybñ 

z yt njkmrj jpyfrjvbkfcm c 

rfvgecjv, yj b pyfkf vtcnjgjkjétybt 

åkbéfqibö njhujdsö wtynhjd b 

rfr lj ybö ljåhfnmcz. 

D gthdjv ctvtcnht z dspdfkfcm 

åsnm dtleotq yf dtxtht, gjcdzotyyjv 

Fahbrt – tétujlyjv vthjghbznbb 

yf rfvgect, rjnjhjt lftn fahbrfycrbv 

cneltynfv djpvjéyjcnm gjltkbnmcz jgsnjv 

bö ébpyb yf änjv rjynbytynt cj cneltynfvb b ghtgjlfdfntkzvb 

rjkktléf. Rfr ds vjétnt ctåt ghtlcnfdbnm, 

z eéfcyj djkyjdfkfcm, ghjbpyjcz htxm gthtl 

pfkjv d nhbcnf xtkjdtr, yj änj dscnegktybt gjvjukj 

vyt jåhtcnb dyenhtyyññ cdjåjle b edthtyyjcnm 

d ctåt. Vtyz bpåhfkb dbwt-ghtpbltynjv Jhufybpfwbb 

byjcnhfyysö cneltynjd rjkktléf Ctyn-Rfnhby yf 

cktleñobq extåysq ujl, b z éle tuj c ytnthgtybtv. 

Dj dhtvz jctyytuj ctvtcnhf z nfrét åele hfåjnfnm 

gjvjoybrjv rjvtylfynf jåotébnbz. Vyt 

rfétncz, änj gjvjétn vyt kexit gjyznm b jwtybnm 

dgtxfnktybz lheubö kñltq jn eybdthcbntncrjq ébpyb 

b gjpdjkbn vyt jrfpfnm lheubv cneltynfv Rjkktléf 

Ctyn-Rfnhby nfrjq ét hfleiysq ghbtv, rfrjq 

z dcnhtnbkf pltcm gj ghbtplt. 

Cneltynfv, rjnjhst öjnzn exbnmcz d CIF, z öjntkf 

ås crfpfnm, xnj ds ybrjulf yt gjéfkttnt jå 

änjv htitybb. Fvthbrfycrfz cbcntvf dscituj jåhfpjdfybz 

yt gjöjéf yb yf jlye lheueñ, f ujls jåextybz 

d fvthbrfycrjv dscitv extåyjv pfdtltybb 

cnfyen jlybvb bp kexibö d dfitq ébpyb. ∆ 

Ajnjuhfabz c hfphtitybz Ymzib Rfyufyub 

Ymzif Rfyufyuf (d wtynht) c pfvtcnbntktv 

lbhtrnjhf gj vtéleyfhjlysv ghjuhfvvfv 

Rjkktléf Ctyn-Rfnhby Yjhjq Öjaa (cktdf) b 

pfvtcnbntktv ghtlctlfntkz ghbtvyjq rjvbccbb 

lkz byjcnhfyysö cneltynjd Ävt Njcntycjy 

(cghfdf). 



Ghtrhfcysq jgsn 

Fhyfå Åfce, Bylbz 

Fcgbhfyn rfatlhs ntöyjkjubq hfpdktxtybq d eybdthcbntnt 

Rfhytub-Vtkkjyf d u. Gbnncåehut, infn Gtycbkmdfybz 

Ajnjuhfabz ghtljcnfdktyf Fhyfåjv Åfce 

Fvthbrfycrbq jåhfpjdfntkmysq 

ajyl d bylbqcrjv ujhjlt Åfyufkjh 

jrfpfk vyt ytjwtybveñ 

gjvjom, rjulf z gjlfdfk ljrevtyns d 

fvthbrfycrbt eybdthcbntns. Cjnhelybrb 

wtynhf dctulf åskb ujnjds jndtnbnm yf 

dct vjb djghjcs b ltkbkbcm cfvjq cdtétq 

b dféyjq byajhvfwbtq – åelm-nj 

ghjwtcc gjcnegktybz, gjkextybt dbps 

bkb gthttpl. Lkz vtyz jxtym dféyj 

åskj ecksifnm bö vytybt j vjbö cjxbytybzö, ult 

z hfccrfpsdfk j ctåt, yt njkmrj lkz njuj, xnjås 

jåtcgtxbnm ctåt gjcnegktybt, yj b lkz njuj, xnjås 

jåhtcnb edthtyyjcnm d cdjbö cbkfö, rjnjhfz åskf 

vyt ytjåöjlbvf lkz ljcnbétybz wtktq, rjnjhst z 

gjcnfdbk gthtl cjåjq. 

Ghjuhfvvf, d hfvrfö rjnjhjq z execm, ghtljcnfdbkf 

vyt ghtrhfcyst djpvjéyjcnb ghfrnbxtcrjuj 

pyfrjvcndf c ghjbpdjlcndjv, ult z cjåbhfñcm 

hfåjnfnm. Vs gjctofkb rjyathtywbb b lbcreccbb 

b åskb d rjycnhernjhcrbö åñhj. Ubårjcnm gkfyjd 

jåextybz, rjnjhfz gjpdjkbkf vyt dsåhfnm jghtltktyyst 

rehcs d cjjndtncndbb c vjbvb bynthtcfvb, 

jrfpfkfcm jxtym eljåyjq. 

Byntycbdyfz b wtktyfghfdktyyfz fcgbhfyncrfz 

ghjuhfvvf gjvjukf vyt hfpdbnm yfdsrb, gjkextyyst 

d cneltyxtcrbt ujls. Cnfébhjdrf yf ghtlghbznbb, 

ghtlgjkfufdifzcz ghjuhfvvjq – änj yt njkmrj 

ghtrhfcysq cgjcjå jåextybz, yj b ifyc gjpyfrjvbnmcz 

c rjvgfybzvb, yf rjnjhst, djpvjéyj, ds 

pföjnbnt gjpét hfåjnfnm. 

Ghtåsdfybt d jrheétybb kñltq, vyjubt bp rjnjhsö 

dthyekbcm r extåt gjckt ytcrjkmrbö ktn hfåjns, 

gjvjukj vyt jcjpyfnm wtyyjcnm ghjatccbjyfkmyjuj 

jgsnf. Jåotybt b hfåjnf c åjkmibv 

xbckjv nfkfynkbdsö b cfvsö 

hfpysö kñltq gjpdjkbkb vyt edbltnm 

vyjuj yjdsö bltq b djpvjéyjcntq. 

Hfåjnf yfl yfcnjzobvb ghjtrnfvb 

d rféljv ctvtcnht lfkf yfv ytjåöjlbveñ 

edthtyyjcnm b gjlujnjdre lkz 

dsgjkytybz hfåjns yf ghjatccbjyfkmyjv 

ehjdyt, nhtåeñotq åjkmijq jndtncndtyyjcnb. 

Vyt nfrét gjdtpkj c ghjatccjhfvb, rjnjhst 

kbxyj exfcndjdfkb d ajhvbhjdfybb ghjatccbjyfkmyjq 

rfhmths rféljuj cneltynf d cjjndtncndbb c tuj 

bkb tt bynthtcfvb b yfdsrfvb. 

Cjnhelybrb Eybdthcbntnf Rfhytub-Vtkkjyf 

jxtym pfåjnzncz j cdjbö byjcnhfyysö cneltynfö. 

D eybdthcbntnt ghjdjlbkbcm vtéleyfhjlyst rekbyfhyst 

atcnbdfkb. Rfélsq hfp ntvjq atcnbdfkz 

åskf reöyz yjdjq xfcnb cdtnf. Yf änbö vthjghbznbzö 

åskj jxtym eljåyj pyfrjvbnmcz c yjdsvb kñlmvb 

b cneltynfvb bp hfpysö cnhfy. 

Jåotybt c fvthbrfywfvb åskj pfvtxfntkmysv. 

D xfcnyjcnb, d ghtlcnfdbntkzö frfltvbxtcrjq 

chtls z yfexbkcz wtybnm cjchtljnjxtyyjcnm b ghtlfyyjcnm 

cdjbv ghjatccbjyfkmysv pflfxfv. Dhfotybt 

d änjv d dscitq cntgtyb hfpyjjåhfpyjv jåotcndt 

lkz vtyz cnfkj tot jlyjq cnjhjyjq jåextybz. 

Cneltyns, ghbtpéfñobt cñlf dgthdst, ljkéys 

åsnm jnrhsns b c gthdjuj lyz ljkéys åsnm yfcnhjtys 

yf nj, xnjås dgbnsdfnm dct, xnj jyb vjuen. 

Pltcm jnrhsdfñncz juhjvyst djpvjéyjcnb, yj yflj 

åsnm ujnjdsv r nzétkjq hfåjnt b nhelyjcnzv. 

B tot jlyj: yfexbntcm ujnjdbnm^ Änj jxtym gjvjétn 

dfv d ghbjåhtntybb yjdsö lheptq. ∆ 


42 


pfvtxfntkmyfz djpvjéyjcnm 

Gfdtk Htgmtdcrbq, Åtkfhecm 

Åsdibq cneltyn Bnfrf-rjkktléf, infn Ymñ-Qjhr, 

jåexfkcz yf ñhblbxtcrjv afrekmntnt åtp ghbcdjtybz cntgtyb 

Vyt jxtym gjvju rjycekmnfnbdysq wtynh 

EducationUSA d Ujvtkt. Z vju kturj yfqnb 

ytjåöjlbveñ byajhvfwbñ j djpvjéyjcnzö 

jåextybz b gjkexbnm ghfrnbxtcrbt cjdtns gj 

gjlujnjdrt r vtéleyfhjlysv ärpfvtyfv. Yj vyt 

rfétncz, tot dféytt nj, xnj wtynh gjvjuftn cjöhfyznm 

rjynfrns vtéle ntvb, rnj dthyekcz ljvjq 

gjckt jåextybz, b jhufybpjdsdfnm vthjghbznbz yf 

vtcnyjv ehjdyt. 

Gjvbvj cjåcndtyyj fvthbrfycrjuj jåhfpjdfybz, 

rjnjhjt kbxyj vyt gjvjukj hfcrhtgjcnbnm vsiktybt 

b rhbnbxtcrb dpukzyenm yf vyjubt ghjåktvs 

cjdhtvtyyjuj vbhf, cfvsv wtyysv d vjtv jgsnt z 

ås yfpdfk cktleñott: 

¤ Ébpym yf rfvgect:cneltyxtcrbt vthjghbznbz 

b jåotybt c fvthbrfycrbvb b lheubvb byjcnhfyysvb 

cneltynfvb jxtym dféyj, gjcrjkmre 

lftn dfv djpvjéyjcnm gjyznm kñltq bp lheubö 

cnhfy b lheubö rekmneh; 

¤ Exfcnbt d åkfujndjhbntkmysö vthjghbznbzö: 

exfcnbt d vthjghbznbb CGBL RDBKN yf rfvgect 

yt njkmrj gjvjukj vyt åjkmit epyfnm j ukjåfkmyjq 

ghjåktvt CGBLf, yj b gjrfpfkj, rfr 

åkfujndjhbntkmyjcnm vjétn gjvjxm yfctktybñ; 

¤ Cnfébhjdrf: ghjöjéltybt cnfébhjdrb d infårdfhnbht 

JJY d Ymñ-Qjhrt gjkyjcnmñ gthtdthyekj 

vjt ghtlcnfdktybt j vtéleyfhjlysö 

jhufybpfwbzö b bö hjkb d gjllthért ltvjrhfnbb 

b xtkjdtxtcrbö wtyyjcntq. 

Änjn jgsn gjlnjkryek vtyz r cjplfybñ ytujcelfhcndtyyjq 

jhufybpfwbb yf hjlbyt d Åtkfhecb, pfybvfñotqcz 

gjllthérjq ghjuhfvv JJY b åkfujndjhbntkmyjq 

ltzntkmyjcnmñ chtlb vtcnyjuj yfctktybz. 

Bnfrf-rjkktlé jrfpfk vyt åjkmieñ gjllthére. 

Ghtlcnfdbntkm eybdthcbntnf dcnhtnbk vtyz d fähjgjhne, 

ghbdtp yf rfvgec b gjpyfrjvbk c yfcnfdybrjv, 

ujnjdsv gjvjxm d htitybb hfpkbxysö djghjcjd. 

D gbcmvtyysö hfåjnfö ghtgjlfdfntkb jåhfofkb 

åjkmit dybvfybz yf cjlthéfybt yfgbcfyyjuj, xtv 

yf uhfvvfnbxtcrbt jibårb, cdjqcndtyyst byjcnhfyysv 

cneltynfv. Nfr vs vjukb gjkexfnm ljcnjqyst 

jwtyrb b yt xedcndjdfnm ctåz eotvktyysvb bp-pf 

cdjtuj byjcnhfyyjuj ghjbcöjéltybz. 

Yfv nfrét jrfpsdfkb ceotcndtyyeñ gjllthére 

d rekmnehyjv gkfyt, f nfrét d gkfyt cjplfybz lkz 

yfc öjhjibö eckjdbq ébpyb. Gjcrjkmre åjkmibycndj 

byjcnhfyysö cneltynjd jcnfdfkbcm yf dhtvz rfybrek 

yf rfvgect, eybdthcbntn jhufybpjdsdfk lkz yfc hfpkbxyst 

jlyjlytdyst 

gjtplrb b ecnhfbdfk 

yfc d ctvmb yf dhtvz 

pbvybö rfybrek. 

Jåextybt d Cjtlbytyysö 

Infnfö eukeåbkj vjt gjybvfybt fvthbrfy 

Ajnjuhfabz ghtljcnfdktyf Gfdkjv Htgmtdcrbv 

crjq rekmnehs b ébpyb fvthbrfycrjuj jåotcndf. 

Rehcs gj bcnjhbb, kbnthfneht b cjwbfkmyj-gjkbnbxtcrjq 

cbcntvt CIF gjvjukb vyt kexit gjyznm jcyjds 

ltvjrhfnbb b gj-yjdjve dpukzyenm yf Fvthbre. 

Gjébd d fvthbrfycrjq ctvmt, gjybvftim, xnj 

jåsxyst fvthbrfyws hfpltkzñn ndjb wtyyjcnb. 

Gjckt extås d Bnfrt z dsbuhfk cnbgtylbñ, gjcnegbk 

d Jrcajhcrbq eybdthcbntn, ghjqlz åjkmijq 

rjyrehc, b cnfk pfybvfnmcz gj ghjuhfvvt vfubcnhf 

ghfdf. Vyt rfétncz, bvtyyj ujls extås gj jåvtye 

d Cjtlbytyysö Infnfö gjlujnjdbkb vtyz r njve, 

xnjås yt åjznmcz rjyrehtywbb. Ctqxfc z pfrfyxbdfñ 

ljrnjhfynehe d Vfyxtcnthcrjv eybdthcbntnt b 

d åeleotv yfltñcm cnfnm extysv. Z cxbnfñ, xnj z 

ås ybrjulf yt ljcnbu dctuj änjuj, tckb ås cyfxfkf 

yt exbkcz d Cjtlbytyysö Infnfö. 

Byjcnhfyysv cneltynfv, jnghfdkzñobvcz d Fvthbre, 

z vjue ghtlkjébnm cktleñobt ≤cjdtns gj 

dsébdfybñ≥: 

¤ Yt åjqntcm rekmnehyjuj ijrf – änj yt åjkmyj; 

ghjcnj åelmnt cjåjq, yj b yt pfåsdfqnt jå jrheéfñobö. 

¤ Kexit dctuj, tckb e dfibö hjlbntktq ljvf 

åeltn rjvgmñnth c ljcnegjv d Bynthytn – änj 

cfvsq åscnhsq b ltitdsq cgjcjå jåotybz, gjpdjkzñobq 

yt xedcndjdfnm ctåz jnjhdfyysv jn 

cdjtq cnhfys. 

¤ Yt åjqntcm cghfibdfnm, tckb dfv xnj-nj yeéyj 

bkb ds xtuj-nj yt pyftnt, b yt cntcyzqntcm ujdjhbnm 

gj-fyukbqcrb, lfét tckb dfi fyukbqcrbq 

(gjrf tot) yt cjdthityty. 

¤ Gjcnfhfqntcm gjkexbnm rfr vjéyj åjkmit jn 

dfituj jåhfpjdfybz: ghbybvfqnt exfcnbt d hfåjnt 

hfpysö jåotcnd b dj dcnhtxfö, ghjöjlbnt 

cnfébhjdre d abhvfö b ltkfqnt dct, xnj dfv 

gjl cbke. 

¤ Gjllthébdfqnt jnyjitybz c lhepmzvb, rjnjhsö 

ds pfdtkb, b ctvmtq, rjnjhfz dfc ghbybvfkf; 

¤ Gjkexfqnt hfljcnm jn njuj, xnj ds ltkftnt; 

extåf d Cjtlbytyysö Infnfö – änj pfvtxfntkmyfz 

djpvjéyjcnm, rjnjhfz vjétn bpvtybnm dfie 

ébpym. ∆ 



Åbpytc d CIF ctujlyz – 

ghjåktvs ltkjdsö gjtpljr 

Ybét cktletn cdjåjlyfz lbcreccbz vtéle cjnhelybrfvb ujcelfhcndtyysö exhtéltybq b ghtlcnfdbntkzvb 

åbpytcf gj djghjcfv vtéleyfhjlysö ltkjdsö gjtplrjr. Dbltjabkmv jå änjq lbcreccbb ljcnegty gj äktrnhjyyjve 

flhtce: http://usinfo.state.gov/journals/itps/0905/ijpe/rntbl.htm. 

Ujcelfhcndtyyst exhtéltybz 

CIF, b 

fvthbrfycrbt ghtlghbybvfntkb 

gjybvfñn, 

yfcrjkmrj dféys ghzvst 

xtkjdtxtcrbt rjynfrns 

vtéle fvthbrfycrbvb 

åbpytcvtyfvb b bö vtéleyfhjlysvb 

rkbtynfvb, 

gfhnythfvb b hfåjnybrfvb 

byjcnhfyysö abhv, b gjllthébdfñn 

bö erhtgktybt 

b hfpdbnbt. 

Jlyfrj ytjåöjlbvjcnm 

jåtcgtxtybz åtpjgfcyjcnb 

Exfcnybrb rheukjuj cnjkf (cktdf): Létybc Létqrjåc, Leukfc Åtqrth, 

Vfqrk Ytqafö, Äkbpfåtn Lbrcjy, Häyltk Léjycjy b Fktrcfylth 

Atklvfy. 

gjåeélfñn Cjtlbytyyst Infns nofntkmyj ghjdthznm 

ntö, rnj cnhtvbncz gthtctxm bö uhfybws. 

B CIF d änjv yt jnkbxfñncz jn lheubö cnhfy. 

Öjnz gthdjyfxfkmyst bpvtytybz d ghjwtlehfö 

vtéleyfhjlysö gjtpljr, ghbpdfyysö erhtgbnm yfie 

åtpjgfcyjcnm, yt dctulf dytlhzkbcm yfcnjkmrj ukflrj, 

yfcrjkmrj öjntkjcm ås, jyb d pyfxbntkmyjq vtht 

ekexibkbcm pf gjcktlybt 4 ujlf cj dhtvtyb 

11 ctynzåhz. 

Ljcnbétybt åfkfycf vtéle jåtcgtxtybtv äaatrnbdyjq 

åtpjgfcyjcnb b cktljdfybñ ghbywbge jnrhsnjcnb 

ltqcndbntkmyj nhtåetn åjktt lkbntkmysö 

gthbjljd ghjdthrb yf hfpkbxysö cnegtyzö ghjwtccf 

vtéleyfhjlysö gjtpljr. Yj ghfdbntkmcndj CIF 

dvtcnt c herjdjlbntkzvb åbpytcf cnfhftncz ghtjljktnm 

ghjåktvs, c rjnjhsvb vs dct tot cnfkrbdftvcz 

d änjq jåkfcnb. 

Änb djghjcs hfccvfnhbdfñncz d ghbdjlbvjq ybét 

lbcreccbb d fduecnt 2005 ujlf c exfcnbtv cktleñobö 

ärcgthnjd bp ujcelfhcndtyysö exhtéltybq 

b ghtlcnfdbntktq åbpytcf: Leukfc Åtqrth, gjvjoybr 

vbybcnhf njhujdkb d catht eckeu; Äkbpfåtn Lbrcjy, 

cjdtnybr gj ukjåfkmysv bvvbuhfwbjyysv ckeéåfv, 

≤Byuthcjkk-Häyl≥ 1 ; Létybc Létqrjåc, pfvtcnbntkm 

gjvjoybrf Ujcctrhtnfhz gj dbpjdsv ckeéåfv; 

Häyltk Léjycjy, dbwt-ghtpbltyn Njhujdjq gfkfns 

CIF 2 ; Vfqrk Ytqafö, lbhtrnjh bvvbuhfwbjyyjq 

gjkbnbrb Vbybcnthcndf dyenhtyytq åtpjgfcyjcnb 

(VDÅ), b Fktrcfylth Atklvfy (dtleobq), rjjhlbyfnjh 

Åñhj vtéleyfhjlysö byajhvfwbjyysö ghjuhfvv 

Ujcelfhcndtyyjuj ltgfhnfvtynf, 

rjnjhsq pflftn 

djghjcs exfcnybrfv. 

Hfåjnfnm dvtcnt, 

xnjås cjltqcndjdfnm 

gjtplrfv 

Djghjc (dtleobq): Jlby 

bp rkñxtdsö djghjcjd pfrkñxftncz 

d cktleñotv: 

rfrbv jåhfpjv ghfdbntkmcndj 

CIF dpfbvjltqcndetn 

c ltkjdsv cjjåotcndjv 

Cjtlbytyysö Infnjd? 

Létqrjåc: Vs xfcnj öfhfrnthbpetv hfåjne, rjnjheñ 

vs dsgjkyztv gj dbpfv gjckt 11 ctynzåhz, 

rfr ytrbq åfkfyc vtéle jåtcgtxtybtv åtpjgfcyjcnb 

yfibö uhfybw b cktljdfybtv ghbywbge jnrhsnsö 

ldthtq. Änj nj, xnj yfib rjycekmcrbt hfåjnybrb pf 

heåtéjv gsnfñncz ltkfnm rfélsq ltym, rjulf jyb 

htifñn dslfnm dbpe yt njkmrj kbwfv, cjdthifñobv 

ltkjdst gjtplrb, yj b lheubv ujcnzv, rjnjhst 

ghbtpéfñn d Cjtlbytyyst Infns yf cjdthityyj pfrjyysö 

jcyjdfybzö. 

Vs exhtlbkb hzl ghjuhfvv cjltqcndbz. D bñkt 

änjuj ujlf vs hfpjckfkb ntktuhfvve c yfgjvbyfybtv 

rjycekmcndfv j njv, yfcrjkmrj ltkjdst gjtplrb 

dféys lkz Cjtlbytyysö Infnjd, dféys gj ärjyjvbxtcrbv 

ghbxbyfv. Vs pyftv, xnj& yfif bylecnhbz 

gjtpljr b nehbpvf ghbyjcbn ghbvthyj 93 vbkkbfhlf 

ljkkfhjd d ujl pltcm, d Cjtlbytyysö Infnfö Fvthbrb. 

Vs jåhfnbkbcm r rjycekmcrbv ckeéåfv c djghjcjv 

j njv, xnj jyb ghtlghbybvfñn lkz cjltqcndbz 

ltkjdsv gjtplrfv, gjckt xtuj jyb dct ghbckfkb jndtns 

c jgbcfybtv hfpkbxysö ghjuhfvv, d hfvrfö rjnjhsö 

jyb hfåjnfñn kbåj c vtcnyjq Fvthbrfycrjq 

njhujdjq gfkfnjq, kbåj jhufybpeñn htubcnhfwbñ 

rhegysö rjvgfybq d gjcjkmcndfö bkb rjycekmcndfö, 

xnjås hfåjnybrb hfpkbxysö abhv vjukb ghblnb b 

yfpyfxbnm dcnhtxb lkz ecrjhtybz ghjwtccf. Ytrjnjhst 

gjcns ghtlkfufñn jnltkmyst dfhbfyns lkz ntö, 

rnj jceotcndkztn ltkjdst gjtplrb. 

Vs bpexbkb dct, cfvst hfpyst, ghjuhfvvs yf 


44 


ibö rjycekmcrbö ckeéå, pfntv d jrnzåht yfghfdbkb 

bv ntktuhfvve c jgbcfybtv yfbkexibö jåhfpwjd 

ghfrnbrb cjltqcndbz ltkjdsv gjtplrfv. Vs gjghjcbkb 

dct yfib gjcns hfphfåjnfnm ghjwtlehe, rjnjhfz 

gjpdjkbn kbwfv, rjnjhsv chjxyj nhtåetncz cjåtctljdfybt, 

gjkexbnm tuj hfymit. 

Lheufz dtom, rjnjheñ vs gjgsnfkbcm jhufybpjdfnm 

lkz dctö kbw, gjlfñobö pfzdktybt yf dbpe, 

cjcnjbn d njv, xnjås ghtljcnfdbnm åjkmit byajhvfwbb 

j ceotcndeñobö nhtåjdfybzö. Vs ecjdthitycndjdfkb 

dtå-cfqn gj flhtce http://www.travel.state.gov. 

Tckb ds nelf yfghfdbntcm, ds cvjétnt gjkexbnm 

byajhvfwbñ j njv, xnj dfv cktletn jéblfnm dj 

dhtvz cjåtctljdfybz lkz gjkextybz dbps b rfrbt 

ljrevtyns ds ljkéys ghbytcnb. 

Vs nfrét ctqxfc gjghjcbkb dct yfib rjycekmcrbt 

ckeéås gjvtcnbnm yf änjv dtå-cfqnt chjrb jéblfybz 

cjåtctljdfybz [http://travel.state.gov/visa/temp/ 

wait/tempvisitors_wait.php], b ntgthm, rfr njkmrj ds 

yfxbyftnt gkfybhjdfnm gjtplre, ds cvjétnt pltcm 

chfpe ghjxbnfnm, crjkmrj dhtvtyb pfqvtn jajhvktybt 

dbps. 

Vs nfrét gjcnfhfkbcm ljdtcnb lj rjycekmcrbö 

ckeéå, xnj bv ytjåöjlbvj hfphfåjnfnm ghjwtlehs 

lkz kbw, rjnjhsv yeéyj cjdthibnm gjtplre d 

chjxyjv gjhzlrt, åelm-nj gj vtlbwbycrbv ghbxbyfv 

bkb, tckb yfphtdftn åjkmifz ltkjdfz cltkrf, 

b åbpytcvtye ytjåöjlbvj gjgfcnm d cnhfye hfymit, 

xtv lfnf yfpyfxtyyjuj dbpjdjuj cjåtctljdfybz. D 

rjycekmcrbö ckeéåfö ljkéyf åsnm ghtlecvjnhtyf 

ghjwtlehf lkz änjuj. [http://travel.state.gov/visa/temp/ 

types/types_2664.html] 

Djghjc: F xnj d änjq cdzpb ltkftn Vbybcnthcndj 

njhujdkb? Dtlm ds d ytrjnjhjv hjlt gjchtlybr 

vtéle ghfdbntkmcndjv b ltkjdsv cjjåotcndjv. 

Åtqrth: Dcrjht gjckt 11 ctynzåhz vs jcjpyfkb, 

xnj gj vtht njuj, rfr dbpjdfz gjkbnbrf b djghjcs 

åtpjgfcyjcnb yfxfkb gjlybvfnmcz yf åjktt dscjrbq 

ehjdtym d Dfibyunjyt, cnfkf hfcnb jpfåjxtyyjcnm d 

jnyjitybb ärjyjvbxtcrjq åtpjgfcyjcnb, åtpjgfcyjcnb 

åbpytcf yfitq cnhfys, rjnjhsq jåtcgtxbdftn pfyznjcnm 

d xfcnyjv ctrnjht. Nfv hfåjnftn juhjvyjt 

xbckj fvthbrfywtd: 88 vbkkbjyjd – d catht eckeu, 

15 vbkkbjyjd – d ghjbpdjlcndt. 

B gj änjq ghbxbyt vs jåhfnbkbcm r Ujcelfhcndtyyjve 

ltgfhnfvtyne. Vs jåhfnbkbcm r bvvbuhfwbjyysv 

futyncndfv, xnjås eåtlbnmcz d njv, xnj 

jyb gjybvfñn, yfcrjkmrj dscjrf gjnhtåyjcnm d 

gjcktljdfntkmyjq dbpjdjq gjkbnbrt, dtlm ghjwtcc 

dslfxb dbp ljkéty b lfkmit ghjntrfnm ukflrj. (Bvvbuhfwbjyyst 

futyncndf drkñxfñn d ctåz Ckeéåe 

bvvbuhfwbb b yfnehfkbpfwbb b lheubt futyncndf gj 

rjynhjkñ yfl uhfybwtq, rjnjhst åskb jåütlbytys 

d cbcntvt Vbybcnthcndf dyenhtyytq åtpjgfcyjcnb, cjplfyyjuj 

gjckt nthhjhbcnbxtcrbö yfgfltybq 11 ctynzåhz 

2001 ujlf). 

Vs cjnhelybxfkb dtcmvf ntcyj c Njhujdjq gfkfnjq 

CIF rfr d Dfibyunjyt, nfr b c tt ghtlcnfdbntkmcndfvb 

d cnjkbwfö vbhf, b ltkftv dct djpvjéyjt, 

xnjås jyb gjybvfkb, xnj tckb jyb bcgsnsdfñn 

nhelyjcnb, cdzpfyyst c pflthérfvb d dslfxt dbp, 

bv ytjåöjlbvj cdzpfnmcz c yfvb. D cdjñ jxthtlm 

vs hfåjnfkb yfl ecjdthitycndjdfybtv vtédtljvcndtyyjuj 

ghjwtccf, xnjås yt ghjcnj cukflbnm ≤eöfås 

yf ljhjut≥, yj b htibnm jlby bp rkñxtdsö djghjcjd 

– rfr ghbdytcnb åjkmieñ ghjphfxyjcnm d ghjwtcc 

dslfxb dbp. 

Djghjc: F xnj d änjv ecvfnhbdftn Njhujdfz gfkfnf? 

Léjycjy: Vs åskb yfcnhjtys dtcmvf rhbnbxtcrb 

gj jnyjitybñ r Ujcelfhcndtyyjve ltgfhnfvtyne 

b Vbybcnthcnde dyenhtyytq åtpjgfcyjcnb b, rfr vs 

njulf ujdjhbkb, ≤yt levfkb, xnj rnj-nj ghbckeiftncz 

r yfv b gjqvtn, yfcrjkmrj cthmtpyj jåtcgjrjtyj 

ltkjdjt cjjåotcndj≥. Öjnz vs dct öjhjij gjybvfkb, 

xnj ytjåöjlbvj gjdscbnm vths åtpjgfcyjcnb 

d cbnefwbb, ckjébditqcz gjckt 11 ctynzåhz, vs 

ljkéys åskb dshfpbnm yfie gjpbwbñ – b vs ltkfkb 

änj gj-hfpyjve b uhjvrj – xnj ärjyjvbxtcrfz 

åtpjgfcyjcnm bvttn dféytqitt pyfxtybt d änjq cnhfyt, 

b xnj gj cenb ltkf ärjyjvbxtcrfz åtpjgfcyjcnm 

ghbpyftncz jlyjq bp wtktq cjplfybz Vbybcnthcndf 

dyenhtyytq åtpjgfcyjcnb, rjnjhjt vs gjllthéfkb. 

Vs kbim ytlfdyj cksifkb jn yfibö rjkktu d Åjujnt, 

Rjkevåbz, yfcrjkmrj öjhjij dct ctqxfc bltn, 

b rfr jyb änjve hfls. Yj vs gjkexftv b lheubt 

cjjåotybz – jn ntö, rnj gj-ghtéytve cnfkrbdftncz 

c nhelyjcnzvb. 

Z ltqcndbntkmyj gjkfufñ, xnj ghjåktvs tcnm. 

D xfcnyjcnb, jåceéltybz cgjhysö djghjcjd vtéle 

fvthbrfycrbv ghfdbntkmcndjv b åbpytcjv yjcbn 

crjhtt dhtvtyysq, ad hoc öfhfrnth. Yj z levfñ, 

xnj jlby bp cgjcjåjd ekexibnm tuj – änj ajhvfkbpjdfnm 

cbcntve pltcm ... d Dfibyunjyt, cjplfd, 

yfghbvth, rjycekmnfnbdysq rjvbntn, rjnjhsq åeltn 

pfybvfnmcz djghjcfvb, djpybrfñobvb d jnyjitybzö 

vtéle xfcnysv b ujcelfhcndtyysv ctrnjhfvb, nj 

tcnm xnjås åskj ytvyjuj åjkmit cnhernehs, jabwbfkmysö 

ljujdjhtyyjcntq. 

Ltkf blen kexit. Jlyfrj z levfñ, xnj d åbpytccjjåotcndt 

gj-ghtéytve tcnm joeotybt, xnj ytzcyj, 

r rjve jåhfofnmcz, b rfr ljåbdfnmcz bpvtytybq yf 

ghfrnbrt, dvtcnj fvjhayjuj ghjwtccf yfghfdktybt 

éfkjå, cjcnfdktybz gbctv b yfltéls, xnj bö rnj-nj 

hfccvjnhbn. 

Djghjc: (Jåhfofzcm r Äkbpfåtn Lbrcjy) Hfccrfébnt 

yfv j ytrjnjhsö bp ghjåktv, c rjnjhsvb cnfkrbdftncz 

dfif rjvgfybz, b j ytrjnjhsö dspjdfö, d 



ceotcndjdfybb rjnjhsö vs ljkéys jnlfdfnm ctåt 

jnxtn. 

Lbrcjy: Ghtélt dctuj, z ghbybvfkf exfcnbt dj 

vyjubö dcnhtxfö vtéle Ujcltgfhnfvtynjv, d rfxtcndt 

ghtlcnfdbntkz rhegyjq rjhgjhfwbb, b hzljv 

lheubö dtleobö fvthbrfycrbö rjvgfybq. B vs 

dscjrj jwtybkb étkfybt Vbybcnthcndf dyenhtyytq 

åtpjgfcyjcnb, f nfrét Ujcltgfhnfvtynf dcnhtxfnmcz 

c yfvb gthbjlbxtcrb, xnjås kexit gjybvfnm, xnj 

åtcgjrjbn yfc. 

Z ltqcndbntkmyj cxbnfñ, xnj dtå-cfqn – dtkbrjktgyfz 

dtom. Yf yfitv dtå-cfqnt tcnm kbyr r dtåcfqne 

Ujcelfhcndtyyjuj ltgfhnfvtynf [http://www. 

travel.state.gov], rjnjhsq åeltn jcnfdfnmcz öjhjibv 

byajhvfwbjyysv jhelbtv, tckb lfyyst yf ytv 

åelen gjcnjzyyj jåyjdkznmcz. Vs byjulf ltqcndbntkmyj 

dblbv hfcöjéltybz c yfibv afrnbxtcrbv 

jgsnjv d chjrfö jéblfybz – b dct ét änj öjhjibq 

jhbtynbh, gjpdjkzñobq ghbrbyenm, crjkmrj ghbåkbpbntkmyj 

gjnhtåetncz dhtvtyb yf jajhvktybt dbps. 

Gj jlyjve geyrne vs ljcnbukb htfkmyjuj ghjuhtccf 

d hfåjnt c rjycekmcndfvb: rjulf tcnm ceotcndtyyfz 

pflthérf d jajhvktybb dbps, b vs vjétv 

ltqcndbntkmyj crfpfnm, xnj gjtplrf bvttn rhbnbxtcrjt 

pyfxtybt lkz åbpytcf, vs vjétv c bpdtcnysv 

ecgtöjv ghbåkbpbnm lfne cjåtctljdfybz, ytjåöjlbvjuj 

lkz gjkextybz dbps. 

Z åskf cdbltntkmybwtq bpdtcnyjq ubårjcnb cj 

cnjhjys rjycekmcrbö exhtéltybq b ujnjdyjcnb pfhtpthdbhjdfnm 

dhtvz lkz cjåtctljdfybq d ckexft chjxysö 

ltkjdsö gjtpljr, rjulf bö ytjåöjlbvjcnm åskf 

zcyj ghjltvjycnhbhjdfyf. 

Djghjc: E yfc ckjébkjcm dgtxfnktybt, xnj tcnm 

hzl dtotq, c rjnjhsvb dct jåcnjbn öjhjij, bkb 

tcnm dtob, rjnjhst ekexifñncz, f tcnm, rjnjhst 

gj-ghtéytve ghtlcnfdkzñn ghjåktvs b hfphtifñncz 

gj vtht njuj, rfr vs ghjljkéftv dpfbvjltqcndjdfnm 

c ltkjdsv cjjåotcndjv b ekexifnm cbcntve d 

wtkjv. 

Djghjcs, cdzpfyyst c dbpfvb b dütpljv 

d Cjtlbytyyst Infns 

Djghjc: Bnfr, yfif dnjhfz ntvf – änj htfkmyst 

ghjåktvs, c rjnjhsvb cnfkrbdfñncz cjnhelybrb 

pfheåtéysö abhv b vtéleyfhjlysö ltkjdsö jhufybpfwbq, 

rjulf jyb gsnfñncz dütöfnm d Cjtlbytyyst 

Infns. 

Z levfñ, xnj ds eét pfnhjyekb ytrjnjhst bp 

djghjcjd, jnyjczoböcz r änjq ntvt, yj vyt ås öjntkjcm 

dyjdm r ybv dthyenmcz. 

Lbrcjy: Z levfñ, xnj jlyjq bp yfbåjktt nhelysö 

ghjåktv zdkztncz ytgjcktljdfntkmyjcnm d ghjwtcct 

jajhvktybb dbps. Ds vjétnt gjckfnm gznm 

xtkjdtr c bltynbxysvb ljrevtynfvb b bltynbxysvb 

öfhfrnthbcnbrfvb, b jlyb ghjcrfrbdfñn dcñ 

ghjwtlehe ≤c dtnthrjv≥, f lheubt ≤pfcnhtdfñn≥. B 

tot jlyj – e yfc åskf vfccf ghjåktv c jibårfvb 

d dslfxt dbp. Vyjuj ktn yfpfl rfylblfn ghböjlbk 

d rjycekmcrbq jnltk c pfzdktybtv yf dbpe enhjv, 

gjlfdfk tuj, f, djpdhfnbdibcm lytv, pfåbhfk cdjq 

gfcgjhn c dbpjq. B tckb b djpybrfkf jibårf gj rfrjq-kbåj 

ghbxbyt, nj tt hfccvfnhbdfkb b bcghfdkzkb 

ghzvj yf vtcnt. 

Cktljdfybt ghbywbge dpfbvyjcnb d jajhvktybb 

dbp – änj, yf vjq dpukzl, htfkmyfz ghjåktvf. Åjkmibv 

ecgtöjv d Rbnft åskj ghjdtltybt gthtujdjhjd 

gj 12-vtczxyjq, vyjujrhfnyjq dütplyjq dbpt, b jyf 

gjvjukf yt njkmrj dütple kñltq d Cjtlbytyyst 

Infns bp Rbnfz, yj b fvthbrfycrbv åbpytcvtyfv, 

rjnjhst djpdhfofkbcm ljvjq. B z öjntkf ås, xnjås 

dct cjukfitybz j dpfbvyjcnb åskb gthtcvjnhtys. 

Létqrjåc: Rjytxyj. 

Lbrcjy: – B hfcibhtys, gjnjve xnj änj, ytcjvytyyj, 

cjrhfnbn pfuheétyyjcnm dfibö rjycekmcrbö 

gjvtotybq – 

Létqrjåc: Cjdthityyj dthyj. 

Lbrcjy: F nfrét åeltn cjltqcndjdfnm vtéleyfhjlysv 

ltkjdsv gjtplrfv. 

Létqrjåc: B vs dctulf ujnjds dpfbvjltqcndjdfnm 

c ghfdbntkmcndfvb lheubö cnhfy d djghjcfö 

hfcibhtybz dpfbvyjcnb ghb eckjdbb, xnj jyb åelen 

jåtcgtxbdfnm nfrjq ét htébv fvthbrfycrbv 

uhfélfyfv, yfghfdkzñobvcz nelf c fyfkjubxysvb 

wtkzvb. Dtcm djghjc bvtyyj d änjv b pfrkñxftncz: 

cnhfyf ljkéyf ghtljcnfdbnm fvthbrfywfv hfdysq 

htébv. 

Djghjc: (Jåhfofzcm r Htylb Léjycjye) F e Dfc 

cöjébt ghjåktvs? 

Léjycjy: Lf, z levfñ, xnj änj ytödfnrf byajhvfwbb 

j njv, rfrbvb rhbnthbzvb herjdjlcndetncz 

rjycekmcrbq hfåjnybr ghb jghtltktybb, rnj gjkexbn 

dbpe. B byjulf vs cksibv, xnj gjlfntkb pfzdktybq 

yf gjkextybt dbps ghjcnj yt vjuen gjyznm, gjxtve 

bv åskj jnrfpfyj d dslfxt dbps, f nj hfpüzcytybt, 

rjnjhjt åskj bv lfyj, htfkmyj yt jåüzcyzkj ghbxby 

jnrfpf. 

Byjulf z levfñ, djpvjéyj, xnj rjvfylbhjdjxysö 

yt jåzpfntkmyj djcghbybvfñn rfr rkbtynjd 

Ujcelfhcndtyyjuj ltgfhnfvtynf, f, crjhtt, rfr kbw, 

rjnjhsö ytjåöjlbvj nofntkmyj ghjdthbnm. Yj djpybrfñn 

cbnefwbb, rjulf rjvfylbhjdjxyst xedcndeñn, 

xnj yt gjkexfñn yflktéfotuj jåhfotybz cj cnjhjys 

ytrjnjhsö ljkéyjcnysö kbw. Vjétnt cxbnfnm 

äne ghjåktve vfktymrjq bkb åjkmijq, yj nfrjt 

joeotybt cnfyjdbncz dct åjktt hfcghjcnhfytyysv, 

b gjänjve vs byjulf levftv, xnj, vjétn åsnm, 

cnjbkj ås ghjdtcnb ghjdthre. 


46 


≤ Rfr vs dctulf 

gjlxthrbdfkb, 

jåckeébdfybt rkbtynjd – 

änj nj, xnj bvttn 

rkñxtdjt pyfxtybt& , 

b vs yt vjétv ljgecnbnm, 

xnjås yfib bycgtrnjhs 

jåhfofkbcm c kñlmvb 

ytgjljåfñobv jåhfpjv≥ 

– Vfqrk Ytqafö 

Létqrjåc: Vs pyftv, xnj 

yfib rjycekmcrbt hfåjnybrb 

nfv, yf vtcnfö, ltqcndbntkmyj 

ghtlcnfdkzñn yt ghjcnj gjcjkmcndf, 

f byjulf b dcñ cnhfye 

bkb cfvj ghfdbntkmcndj CIF. 

Gjänjve vs dyjdm b dyjdm ujdjhbv 

yfibv ljkéyjcnysv 

kbwfv, xnj ytpfdbcbvj jn njuj, 

rfrjq jndtn lfy yf ghjcmåe j 

dslfxt dbps, c gjlfntktv pfzdktybz, 

ghböjlzotuj pf dbpjq 

ytjåöjlbvj jåhfofnmcz ljcnjqysv jåhfpjv. Tckb 

jndtn yf ghjcmåe j dbpt jnhbwfntkmysq, nj ytjåöjlbvj, 

xnjås kñlb gjybvfkb, gjxtve änj nfr. 

Yfib rjycekmcrbt hfåjnybrb ljkéys bpkfufnm 

ghbxbys jnrfpf d gbcmvtyyjv dblt. Z levfñ, xnj 

byjulf ghjbcöjlbn cktleñott. Gj gjyznysv ghbxbyfv 

gjlfntkm pfzdktybz ythdybxftn b, djpvjéyj, 

bvtyyj gjänjve yt gjybvftn, gjxtve jy gjkexbk 

jnrfp. Dj vyjubö ckexfzö änj ghjbcöjlbn gjnjve, 

xnj xtkjdtr yt cvju ljrfpfnm yfkbxbt ljcnfnjxyj 

ukeåjrbö cdzptq cj cdjtq cnhfyjq, b gjänjve, 

yf jcyjdfybb ceotcndeñotuj pfrjyf, rjycekmcrbq 

hfåjnybr jåzpfy jnrfpfnm d ghtljcnfdktybb dbps 

– gjnjve xnj xtkjdtr dsukzlbn rfr gjntywbfkmysq 

bvvbuhfyn. 

Djghjc: F rfr yfcxtn ghjåktvs gjcktljdfntkmyjcnb? 

Létqrjåc: Rfélsq ckexfq htiftncz bylbdblefkmyj, 

b gjänjve vjétn nfr gjkexbnmcz, xnj tcnm ldf 

gjlfntkz pfzdktybq j dbpt, yfghfdkzñobtcz yf jlyj 

b nj ét vthjghbznbt. Jlyfrj jåcnjzntkmcndf rféljuj 

gjlfntkz vjuen åsnm hfpysvb, b gjänjve rjycekmcrbt 

hfåjnybrb vjuen ghbyznm hfpyst htitybz. 

Vs lftv bv ytjåöjlbveñ gjlujnjdre b ljrevtyns, 

rjnjhsvb jyb herjdjlcndeñncz d hfåjnt, 

yj d rjytxyjv cxtnt dct pfdbcbn jn bö ceéltybz j 

njv, cvju kb xtkjdtr ljrfpfnm ghfdjvjxyjcnm cdjtq 

ghjcmås j dbpt. Z levfñ, xnj d gjlfdkzñotv åjkmibycndt 

ckexftd rjycekmcrbt hfåjnybrb dsyjczn 

ghfdbkmyst htitybz, öjnz jyb njét kñlb, b byjulf 

vjuen jibåfnmcz. 

Djghjc: Rfrjdf dj dctv änjv hjkm Vbybcnthcndf 

dyenhtyytq åtpjgfcyjcnb? 

Ytqafö: Cjukfcyj pfrjye, vs buhftv dféytqieñ 

hjkm d jghtltktybb dbpjdjq gjkbnbrb. Ujcelfhcndtyysq 

ltgfhnfvtyn dslftn dbps, dsgjkyzz cdjb rjycekmcrbt 

jåzpfyyjcnb pf heåtéjv b htifz djghjc j 

hfphtitybb yf dütpl. Jlyfrj rjulf kñlb ghbtpéfñn 

d Cjtlbytyyst Infns, cfv bö dütpl cnfyjdbncz 

djghjcjv, rjnjhsq htifñn yfib bycgtrnjhs d rféljv 

bp geyrnjd dütplf. 

Vs cnfkrbdftvcz cj vyjubvb fyfkjubxysvb ghjåktvfvb 

b djghjcfvb, rjnjhsö 

Létybc njkmrj xnj rjcyekfcm: 

ghjcbntkb, rjnjhst ythdybxfñn, 

cjåtctljdfybz, rjnjhst, d 

ghbywbgt, ljkéys ghjntrfnm 

åscnhj, b n.l. 

Rfr vs dctulf gjlxthrbdfkb, 

jåckeébdfybt rkbtynjd 

– änj nj, xnj bvttn rkñxtdjt 

pyfxtybt lkz cjplfybz jåhfpf 

Cjtlbytyysö Infnjd rfr ghbdtnkbdjq 

cnhfys, b vs yt vjétv 

ljgecnbnm, xnjås yfib bycgtrnjhs jåhfofkbcm 

c kñlmvb ytgjljåfñobv jåhfpjv. 

Z yt åele ujdjhbnm j njv, xnj dct ghtrhfcyj. Z 

levfñ, xnj bvtyyj pltcm – d djghjcfö jåhfotybz c 

rkbtynfvb – vs vjétv ntcytt hfåjnfnm c ltkjdsv 

cjjåotcndjv. Änj djghjc, jåceéltybt gj rjnjhjve 

vs ghbdtncndetv. 

E yfc tcnm jabc, rjnjhsq pfybvftncz ghjåktvfvb 

xfcnyjuj ctrnjhf, relf jåhfofñncz ghtlcnfdbntkb 

ltkjdjuj cjjåotcndf cj dctvb djkyeñobvb bö djghjcfvb; 

änjn jabc ljdjlbn bö lj vjtuj cdtltybz. 

Jyb jåhfofñn yfit dybvfybt yf vyjubt dféyst 

djghjcs, gjlyznst dfvb, hfåjnfñn yfl ybvb b dscnegfñn, 

nfrbv jåhfpjv, cdzpeñobv pdtyjv vtéle 

ltkjdsv cjjåotcndjv b yfvb. 

Åtqrth: Vs xfcnj cksibv jn fvthbrfycrbö åbpytcvtyjd, 

xnj rjulf gjcnegftn jnrfp dslfnm dbpe, nj 

ghtlcnfdkztncz, xnj ytn rfrjq-kbåj htfkmyjq, gjyznyjq 

cbcntvs, rjnjhjq cktleñn rjycekmcrbt hfåjnybrb. 

Jlby gjkexftn dbpe, njulf rfr lheujq gjkexftn 

jnrfp, öjnz rfétncz, xnj ldf dbpjdsö pfzdktybz cjdthityyj 

jlbyfrjds. 

Vs jåyfheébkb, xnj rhegyst rjvgfybb, rfr 

ghfdbkj, bvtñn cdjb rfyfks lkz bcghfdktybz gjkjétybz 

bkb gthtcvjnhf pfzdktybq. Jyb vjuen 

jåhfnbnmcz r cdjtve ñhbcrjycekmne b ghjcbnm tuj 

dvtifnmcz, bkb ét d Njhujdeñ gfkfne CIF, xnjås 

ecrjhbnm yfpyfxtybt lfns cjåtctljdfybz. Yj e 

vtkrbö b chtlybö rjvgfybq, rjnjhst yt zdkzñncz 

xktyfvb Njhujdjq gfkfns pltcm b yt cdzpfys c kñåsvb 

lheubvb gfkfnfvb d byjcnhfyysö cnjkbwfö, 

ytn htfkmyjq djpvjéyjcnb bcghfdbnm cbnefwbñ, tckb 

gjkexty jnrfp d dbpt. 

Vs hfpujdfhbdfkb c Ujcelfhcndtyysv ltgfhnfvtynjv 

b gjkexbkb bö cjukfcbt yf jnrhsnbt cgtwbfkmyjuj 

jabcf gj ecrjhtybñ jajhvktybz dbp d Dfibyunjyt, 

relf vjuen jåhfnbnmcz ghtlcnfdbntkb vfkjuj 

b chtlytuj åbpytcf c ghjcmåfvb jåüzcybnm htfkmyst 

ghjåktvs d rjyrhtnysö ckexfzö jnrfpf d dslfxb 

dbps. 

Létqrjåc: Vs ltqcndbntkmyj yfxfkb nfreñ 

ghjuhfvve cyfxfkf lkz Rbnfz – lkz fvthbrfycrbö 



abhv, dtleobö åbpytc c Rbnftv, 

gjnjve xnj d yfcnjzobq 

vjvtyn ceotcndetn åjkmijq 

bynthtc r änjq cnhfyt. B kbim 

ytlfdyj, d ghjikjv vtczwt, 

vs htibkb hfcibhbnm tt nfr, 

xnjås jyf jödfnsdfkf dct cnhfys 

vbhf. 

F änj jpyfxftn, xnj kñåfz 

abhvf CIF pltcm, vfktymrfz 

bkb åjkmifz, rjnjhfz öjntkf 

ås pyfnm, rfr gjkexbnm dbpe bkb tcnm kb rjyrhtnysq 

gjdjl lkz åtcgjrjqcndf, vjétn cdzpfnmcz c 

änbv yjdsv wtynhjv, rjnjhsq vs cjplfkb d yfitv 

dbpjdjv jabct. Ds vjétnt cdzpsdfnmcz c änbv 

wtynhjv gj äktrnhjyyjq gjxnt gj flhtce: 

businessvisa@state.gov. 

Djghjc: Nfrbv jåhfpjv, ghjåktvs, c rjnjhsvb 

vs cnfkrbdftvcz, cdzpfys c pflthérfvb ghb jajhvktybb 

dbp, ghjphfxyjcnmñ dctuj dbpjdjuj ghjwtccf, 

f nfrét c ytjåöjlbvjcnmñ, xnjås gjlfntkm pfzdktybz 

yf dbpe zcyj gjybvfk, xnj jn ytuj nhtåetncz. 

B änj rfr hfp nj, xnj vs cjåbhftvcz jåcelbnm d 

yfitq nhtnmtq ntvt – rfrbv jåhfpjv vs ljåbdftvcz, 

xnjås änjn ghjwtcc åsk rfr vjéyj åjktt gkfdysv, 

xnj vjéyj cltkfnm, xnjås gjvjxm rjycekmcrbv 

hfåjnybrfv b Vbybcnthcnde dyenhtyytq åtpjgfcyjcnb 

d hfccvjnhtybb pfzdktybq yf dbpe. 

Gjkextybt dbps lkz ltkjdjq gjtplrb 

Djghjc: Bnfr, hfccvjnhbv ghfrnbxtcrbt ifub 

lkz gjkextybz dbps yf dütpl d Cjtlbytyyst Infns, 

j xtv kbwf, cjdthifñobt ltkjdst gjtplrb, 

ljkéys pyfnm, b xnj bv ytjåöjlbvj ghtlcnfdbnm 

rjycekmcrbv hfåjnybrfv d yfibö gjcjkmcndfö. 

Létqrjåc: Z egjvbyfk hfytt, xnj e yfc ltqcndbntkmyj 

tcnm vyjuj byajhvfwbb yf yfitv dtå-cfqnt 

j nhtåjdfybzö lkz dbps. 

Djghjc: Vjéyj gjghjcbnm e dfc flhtc yfituj 

dtå-cfqnf? 

Létqrjåc: Änjn flhtc: http://www.travel.state.gov. 

F nj, xnj ltqcndbntkmyj rjycekmcrbq hfåjnybr cnfhftncz 

gjkexbnm – änj rfr vjéyj åjkmit byajhvfwbb 

j gjlfntkt pfzdktybz, tuj/tt gjkjétybb e ctåz 

d cnhfyt, f nfrét j ghtlcnjzotq gjtplrt d Cjtlbytyyst 

Infns. 

B gjänjve, rjulf ghböjlzn kñlb, jyb ljkéys 

evtnm ghjltvjycnhbhjdfnm cdzpb. Bv ytjåöjlbvj 

ghbytcnb cdbltntkmcndf yfkbxbz e ybö cdzptq cj 

cdjtq hjlbyjq. 

Djghjc: Xnj jpyfxftn ckjdj ≤cdzpb≥? 

Létqrjåc: Jyj jåjpyfxftn ljrfpfntkmcndf, xnj 

e dfc d dfitq cnhfyt tcnm hfåjnf, xnj e dfc tcnm 

≤ Tckb kñlb vjuen 

ghjltvjycnhbhjdfnm yfkbxbt 

ghjxysö cdzptq c hjlbyjq 

b jåüzcybnm, gjxtve jyb 

cjåbhfñncz ghbtpéfnm 

d CIF d åeleotv, jyb yt 

ljkéys bcgsnsdfnm 

ybrfrbö nhelyjcntq≥ 

– Létybc Létqrjåc 

ctvmz, xnj ds gjctoftnt extåyjt 

pfdtltybt, xnj e dfc tcnm 

ghbxbys, xnjås dthyenmcz yf 

hjlbye gjckt dfituj rhfnrjuj 

dbpbnf d Cjtlbytyyst Infns. 

Djghjc: B rfrjuj hjlf dtob 

åelen hfccvfnhbdfnmcz rfr ljrfpfntkmcndf? 

Létqrjåc: Bnfr, vs byjulf 

ghjcbv gjrfpfnm yfv gbcmvj 

jn dfituj hfåjnjlfntkz, cghfdrb 

j dfitq pfhfåjnyjq gkfnt. F tckb e dfc tcnm ytldbébvjcnm, 

nj bvttn cvsck ghtlüzdbnm ljrevtyn 

j dkfltybb ytldbébvjcnmñ. Djn nfrjuj hjlf dtob. 

Ytn rfrjuj-kbåj jåzpfntkmyjuj gthtxyz ljrevtynjd, 

f crjhtt änj vjétn åsnm xnj eujlyj, xnj ds 

vjétnt ghbytcnb b gjrfpfnm, xnj ds bvttnt ghjxyst 

rjhyb d dfitq cnhfyt, b änf byajhvfwbz gjktpyf 

lkz rjycekmcrjuj hfåjnybrf. 

F pfntv, xnj rfcftncz gjtplrb d Cjtlbytyyst 

Infns, nj änj gbcmvf, jåüzcyzñobt, rtv zdkztncz 

erfpfyyjt kbwj, gjxtve nhtåetncz tuj ghbcencndbt 

pltcm d Cjtlbytyysö Infnfö, xtv jyj rjyrhtnyj 

pfybvftncz – dct änj jxtym b jxtym gjktpyj. 

Tckb yt djpybrftn cjvytybq d cdzpzö cj cnhfyjq 

b djghjcjd j wtkb dbpbnf d Cjtlbytyyst Infns, yf 

cfvjv ltkt, jnyjcbntkmyj kturj eljdktndjhbnm ghfdbkfv 

gjkextybz dbps. 

Ytqafö: D Vbybcnthcndt dyenhtyytq åtpjgfcyjcnb, 

rjulf vs ghjbpdjlbv bycgtrwbñ d geyrnt 

dütplf, vs jåsxyj jåhfoftv dybvfybt yf nt ét 

dtob. Zdkztncz kb jåüzcytybt cdzpysv, ghjltvjycnhbhjdfk 

kb xtkjdtr ghbxbys, gj rjnjhsv jy cñlf 

yfghfdkztncz, b xnj jy cjåbhftncz dthyenmcz yfpfl 

– vs ljkéys gjdnjhbnm nfrjq jghjc dyjdm yf uhfybwt. 

Rjulf htxm bltn j dbpt, dslfdftvjq yf åjktt 

ljkubq gthbjl dhtvtyb, bkb rjulf ghb gjdnjhyjv 

dütplt d Cjtlbytyyst Infns ghjbpjikj bpvtytybt 

jåcnjzntkmcnd, dféyj, xnjås gjlfntkm pfzdktybz yf 

dbpe dyjdm åsk ujnjd ghtlüzdbnm gjcktlyññ byajhvfwbñ 

j njv, xnj ghjbcöjlbn d yfcnjzott dhtvz. 

Djghjc: Cktljdfntkmyj, bv gj cenb ltkf ytjåöjlbvj 

bvtnm änb ljrevtyns ghb ctåt dj dhtvz 

gjtplrb? 

Ytqafö: Änj yt gjvtiftn. Z bvtñ d dble nj, 

xnj rjulf yfib bycgtrnjhs ljkéys ghbyznm htitybt 

d geyrnt dütplf, b jcjåtyyj d ntö ckexfzö, rjulf 

ghjikj vyjuj dhtvtyb c vjvtynf gthdjyfxfkmyjq 

dslfxb dbps, dféyj bvtnm byajhvfwbñ, 

ytjåöjlbveñ lkz njuj, xnjås ghjcnj gjlndthlbnm 

nj, xnj ds ujdjhbnt. 

Lbrcjy: D nfrbö cbnefwbzö vs byjulf cjcnfdkztv 

gbcmvj c gthtxbcktybtv dctuj ytjåöjlbvjuj lkz 


48 


ghtlüzdktybz d geyrnt dütplf, 

tckb vs cxbnftv, xnj änj åeltn 

gjktpysv. Chtlb ghjxtuj, 

xnj vs cltkfkb, jcjåtyyj ghbvtybntkmyj 

r kbwfv c dbpfvb 

J-1, gthtxtym dctuj njuj, xnj 

ytjåöjlbvj dpznm c cjåjq d 

rjycekmcndj – e vtyz tcnm gjlhjåysq 

cgbcjr, yj nfrét erfpfybt, rfrbt ljrevtyns 

jyb ljkéys bvtnm ghb ctåt. 

Rjulf vs ujdjhbkb j ghjxysö cdzpzö, b z egjvbyfkf 

cdjñ rjvgfybñ. Vs, gj cenb ltkf, hfphfåjnfkb 

djghjcybr lkz yfibö gbctv, djghjcybr, 

rjnjhsq jödfnsdftn ytjåöjlbvjcnm gjrfpfnm nt 

cdzpb c hjlbyjq, rjnjhst tcnm e gjlfntkz pfzdktybz 

yf dbpe, xnjås gjvjxm d hfpüzcytybb änjuj nhtåjdfybz, 

jcjåtyyj rjulf pltcm tot ghbvtibdftncz b 

ghjåktvf zpsrf. Djpmvbnt, yfghbvth, rjvgfybb d 

Rbnft. Xfcnm rjvgtycfwbjyyjuj gfrtnf ckeéfotuj 

vjétn ghjbpdjlbnmcz d ajhvt ébkmz, ghtljcnfdkztvjuj 

rjvgfybtq. Njulf rbnfqwfv, dütpéfñobv 

d CIF, yt yflj ghtlüzdkznm ljrevtyns j dkfltybb 

ébkmtv. Yj z levfñ, xnj d gbcmvt ds vjétnt erfpfnm, 

xnj d lfyyjv ckexft bö ≤cdzpm≥ dshféftncz 

d bö ljkujchjxyjq pfyznjcnb b d njv afrnt, xnj 

jcnfkmyst xktys bö ctvmb ghjébdfñn d rdfhnbht, 

ghtljcnfdktyyjq rjvgfybtq. Gjänjve vs gsnftvcz 

exbnsdfnm änj. 

Létqrjåc: Z levfñ, xnj nj, xnj ltkftn rjhgjhfwbz 

≤Byuthcjkk-Häyl≥, ltqcndbntkmyj dtkbrjktgyj. 

Xtv åjkmit ds vjétnt hfccrfpfnm yfv j rjvgfybb 

b j njv, xnj cjåbhftncz ltkfnm kbwj, pfghfibdfñott 

dbpe, b rfrjdf wtkm gjtplrb: åeltn kb änj pyfrjvcndj 

c jåjheljdfybtv, åeltn kb änj gjtplrf d 

ytcrjkmrj ujhjljd, rfrjd vfhihen – ntv kexit. 

Nfrjuj hjlf byajhvfwbz xhtpdsxfqyj gjktpyf. Gjlfntkm 

pfzdktybz ljkéty nfrét evtnm jåüzcybnm 

öfhfrnth gjtplrb, f nfrét ljkéty evtnm hfccrfpfnm 

j njv, xtv jy bkb jyf cjåbhftncz pfybvfnmcz. 

F ctqxfc gjpdjkmnt vyt ljåfdbnm tot jlye ltnfkm. 

Djpdhfofzcm yfpfl r njve, xnj ghjbcöjlbn d 

geyrnt dütplf – vs bvttv jlye b ne ét byajhvfwbñ 

j dbpfö, dslfyysö äktrnhjyysv cgjcjåjv, b 

gjänjve bycgtrnjhs d geyrnfö dütplf vjuen jxtym 

åscnhj gjlndthlbnm, xnj dbpf åskf dslfyf yfvb b 

xnj jyf ghtlcnfdkztn cjåjq pfrjyysq ljrevtyn. Z 

levfñ, xnj änj, d rjytxyjv cxtnt, ltqcndbntkmyj 

gjvjuftn jåktuxbnm gjtplre. 

Léjycjy: Z öjntk ås pfdthbnm ntö, rnj yfc cvjnhbn, 

xnj jxtym htlrj xtkjdtre, gjkexbditve dbpe, 

jljåhtyyeñ d rjycekmcndt, b ghbtöfditve d Cjtlbytyyst 

Infns, jnrfpsdfñn dj dütplt d fähjgjhne, 

b jy dsyeélty gjdthyenm ljvjq. 

Ytqafö: Lkz njuj xnjås änj ghjbpjikj, ljkéys 

≤Z ås ghbpdfk dctö, rnj 

gjlftn pfzdrb yf gjkextybt 

dbp lkz ltkjdsö gjtpljr, 

gjlfdfnm bö rfr vjéyj 

hfymit≥ 

– Leukfc Åtqrth 

gjzdbnmcz rfrbt-nj cjdthityyj 

yjdst jåcnjzntkmcndf. 

Létqrjåc: Djpvjéyj, änj 

yjdfz byajhvfwbz, rjnjhfz 

cnfkf ljcnegyjq gjckt dslfxb 

dbps, xnj-nj dhjlt änjuj. Yj d 

ltqcndbntkmyjcnb nfrjt ckexftncz 

rhfqyt htlrj. 

Djghjc: Levfñ, xnj vyjubt cksifkb jå jngtxfnrfö 

gfkmwtd bkb j njv, rfr dcnfdkzñn gfkmws 

d vfibys. Ghtélt dctuj djghjc: rfélsq xtkjdtr 

jåzpfy änj ltkfnm? 

Létqrjåc: Tot d vft 2002 ujlf Rjyuhtcc ghbyzk 

pfrjy, rjnjhsq gj cenb ltkf nhtåetn, xnjås Ujcelfhcndtyysq 

ltgfhnfvtyn yfghfdkzk åbjvtnhbxtcrbt 

lfyyst bkb åbjvtnhbxtcrbt bltynbabrfnjhs kbxyjcnb 

dvtcnt c ntvb dbpfvb, rjnjhst vs dslftv. 

Djghjc: F dtlm änj jxtym hfcgksdxfnjt gjyznbt 

– ≤åbjvtnhbxtcrbt bltynbabrfnjhs≥. 

Létqrjåc: Bltynbabrfnjhs – gj cenb ltkf vjuen 

jpyfxfnm vyjuj hfpysö dtotq. Vs htibkb bcgjkmpjdfnm 

jngtxfnrb ldeö gfkmwtd, gjnjve xnj vs 

eét bcgjkmpjdfkb ytxnj gjljåyjt d Vtrcbrt. Vs 

ljkéys åskb ddtcnb äne cbcntve dj dctö cnhfyfö 

vbhf lj 26 jrnzåhz 2004 ujlf, b gjänjve, xnjås 

jödfnbnm dct yfib rjycekmcndf – f bö åjktt 200, 

vs bcgjkmpjdfkb d pyfxbntkmyjq vtht ne, rjnjhfz 

eét åskf e yfc d Vtrcbrt. 

Änj yt cjdctv cyznbt jngtxfnrjd gfkmwtd. Änj 

vfktymrfz rjhjåjxrf, crfybheñofz gfkmws. Djpvjéyj, 

änf ghjwtlehf ljåfdkztn 30 ctreyl r njve 

dhtvtyb, d ntxtybt rjnjhjuj lkbncz cjåtctljdfybt 

lkz gjkextybz dbps, änj ljdjkmyj åscnhfz ghjwtlehf. 

Djghjc: Yj dtlm änf cbcntvf yt yfwtktyf njkmrj 

yf vecekmvfy bkb yf Åkbéybq Djcnjr? 

Ytqafö: Rjytxyj ytn. 

Létqrjåc: Änj jåott nhtåjdfybt. Wtkm gj cenb 

ltkf cjcnjbn d njv, xnjås gjlndthlbnm kbxyjcnm 

xtkjdtrf, cjdthifñotuj gjtplre, b eljcnjdthbnmcz, 

xnj ybrfrfz lheufz dbpf yt dslfdfkfcm änjve kbwe 

gjl lheubv bvtytv. Bysvb ckjdfvb, ufhfynbhjdfnm, 

xnj vs yt bvttv ltkj c cfvjpdfywtv. 

Ytqafö: Rjulf kbwj ghbåsdftn d geyrn dütplf, 

yfib ljkéyjcnyst kbwf gj nfvjéyt b jöhfyt 

uhfybw åelen ltkfnm nj ét cfvjt. Cbcntvf CIF- 

DBPBN gjlndthlbn, xnj htxm bltn j njv ét kbwt, 

rjnjhjt gjkexbkj äne dbpe. 

Gjänjve änj yb rjbv jåhfpjv yt pfvtlkztn 

ghjwtccf b gjvjuftn jåktuxbnm yfie pflfxe: vs 

gjkexftv gjlndthéltybt, xnj lfyysq xtkjdtr tcnm 

njn cfvsq xtkjdtr, b xnj jy ghbåsk, xnjås dtcnb 

pfrjyyst ltkf, cdzpfyyst c åbpytcjv, b gjänjve jy 

vjétn ghjljkéfnm gjtplre. 



Létqrjåc: Tckb kñlb vjuen ghjltvjycnhbhjdfnm 

yfkbxbt ghjxysö cdzptq c hjlbyjq b jåüzcybnm, gjxtve 

jyb cjåbhfñncz ghbtpéfnm d CIF d åeleotv, 

jyb yt ljkéys bcgsnsdfnm ybrfrbö nhelyjcntq. 

Ytqafö: Xnj rfcftncz cbcntvs CIF-DBPBN, 

ceotcndeñn åjkmibt jgfctybz d jnyjitybb njuj, 

rfr änf cbcntvf åeltn dytlhznmcz, jcjåtyyj yf ceöjgenysö 

uhfybwfö. Gjrf xnj änf cbcntvf dytlhzkfcm 

öjhjij, åtp rfrbö-kbåj pyfxbntkmysö pflthétr yf 

uhfybwfö b d njhujdsö gfkfnfö, nfrbö rfr Kfhtlj 

(fvthbrfycrbq ujhjl d Ntöfct yf uhfybwt c Vtrcbrjq), 

rjnjhst hfytt djkyjdfkbcm bp-pf ytt, jlyfrj 

ctqxfc ljdjkmys ntv, rfr jyf htfkbpetncz. 

Djghjc: Gjxtve ås yfv yt rjcyenmcz änjuj, rjulf 

vs gthtqltv r yfitq cktleñotq ntvt, gjnjve 

xnj änj rfr hfp nj, j xtv vs cjåbhftvcz gjujdjhbnm 

– xnj ltkfnm, tckb dfv jnrfpfyj d dbpt, b xnj 

vjéyj ghtlghbyznm d gjhzlrt fgtkkzwbb, b rfr 

gjkexbnm åjkmit byajhvfwbb j njv, gjxtve dfv 

jnrfpfyj d dbpt. 

Rjulf ds yeélftntcm d gjvjob 

Djghjc: Ctujlyz, gjldjlz bnjub yfituj hfpujdjhf, 

z öjxe ytvyjuj gjujdjhbnm j njv, xnj fvthbrfycrjt 

ltkjdjt cjjåotcndj vjétn ghtlghbyznm lkz 

njuj, xnjås jåktuxbnm dslfxe dbp rkbtynfv, pfrfpxbrfv 

b hfåjnybrfv, ghbtpéfñobv d Cjtlbytyyst 

Infns. 

Z nfrét öjntk pfnhjyenm cktleñobq djghjc: xnj 

tckb xnj-nj yt nfr gjqltn, tckb gjcktletn jnrfp d 

dslfxt dbps, xnj tckb dfv ytjåöjlbvj ghtlghbyznm 

xnj-nj jxtym chjxyj, xnj-nj, xnj ds yt gkfybhjdfkb. 

Yt vjukb kb ds hfccrfpfnm yfv ytvyjuj j ljkéyjcnysö 

kbwfö, rjnjhst pfybvfñncz dytiytq njhujdktq. 

Xnj jyb ltkfñn b yf rfrjv änfgt ghjwtccf 

jyb vjuen gjvjxm? 

Åtqrth: D hfvrfö Ckeéås dytiytq njhujdkb 

d 85 cnhfyfö ltqcndeñn yfib jabcs, b jyb tcnm d 

åjkmibycndt gjcjkmcnd b rjycekmcnd. 

Hfytt, lj 11 ctynzåhz, jyb vjukb åsnm cgjycjhjv 

rjyrhtnyjuj xtkjdtrf, pfghfibdfdituj dbpe. Jlyfrj 

c bpvtytybtv pfrjyjd gjckt 11 ctynzåhz, nfrfz 

cbcntvf åskf jnvtytyf. Vjéyj yfltznmcz, xnj gj 

vtht njuj, rfr vs dyjcbv ljgjkybntkmyst ecjdthitycndjdfybz 

d dbpjdjq ghjwtcc, änj åeltn ghfrnbrjq, 

r rjnjhjq vs vjétv dthyenmcz. 

F gjrf änjuj ytn, z ås ghbpdfk dctö, rnj gjlftn 

pfzdrb yf gjkextybt dbp lkz ltkjdsö gjtpljr, gjlfdfnm 

bö rfr vjéyj hfymit. 

Lkz ghtlghbznbq åskj ås jxtym hfpevysv cjåhfnm 

rfr vjéyj åjkmit byajhvfwbb. 

B bv, rjytxyj ét, yflj gjvybnm, xnj tckb gjcktljdfk 

jnrfp d dslfxt dbps bkb tckb jyb yt vjuen 

gjgfcnm d vtcnj yfpyfxtybz rfr vjéyj hfymit, 

nj ytkmpz nthznm dhtvtyb b yflj chfpe ét pdjybnm 

d Vbybcnthcndj njhujdkb – kbåj ghzvj d Dfibyunjy, 

kbåj cdzpsdfnmcz c ybv xthtp Ckeéåe dytiytq 

njhujdkb d gjcjkmcndt CIF d bö cnhfyt. 

Djghjc: F pyftnt kb ds dtå-cfqn, ult kñlb vjuen 

epyfnm rjjhlbyfns ckeéås dytiytq njhujdkb? 

Åtqrth: Lf, yf jcyjdyjv dtå-cfqnt Vbybcnthcndf 

njhujdkb, f bvtyyj http://www.doc.gov, tcnm kbyr, jncskfñobq 

r ckeéåt dytiytq njhujdkb. 

Létqrjåc: D ltqcndbntkmyjcnb htitybt j njv, 

eljdktndjhztn kb rjyrhtnyjt kbwj nhtåjdfybzv 

bkb ytn, dsyjcbncz rjycekmcrbv hfåjnybrjv, ghjdjlzobv 

cjåtctljdfybt. B, rfr z crfpfkf, xtv åjkmitq 

byajhvfwbtq hfcgjkfuftn rjycekmcrbq hfåjnybr, 

ntv ktuxt tve ghbyznm nfrjt htitybt. 

Vs ytvyjuj gjujdjhbkb j njv, xnj ghjbcöjlbn, 

rjulf kñlzv jnrfpsdfñn d dbpt. B ghfdlf, dct bp 

bvtdiböcz jnrfpjd bcöjlzn jn ljkéyjcnysö kbw, 

rjnjhst dsyjczn htitybz j dbpfö yf vtcnfö, b änb 

jnrfps ghjdthzñncz rjycekmcrbv cjnhelybrjv åjktt 

dscjrjuj hfyuf. Tckb gjcktlybq yt cjukfcty c 

dsytctyysv htitybtv, nj njulf gjlfntkz pfzdktybz 

dspjden yf gjdnjhyjt cjåtctljdfybt. 

Gjlfntkb pfzdktybq dctulf vjuen gjlfnm yjdjt 

pfzdktybt j dbpt. Ybxnj yt vjétn bv gjvtifnm 

cltkfnm änj. Jlyfrj z dctulf cjdtneñ: tckb htxm 

bltn yt j rfrjv-nj dféyjv afrnt, byajhvfwbz j 

rjnjhjv jncencndjdfkf, b tckb dfib jåcnjzntkmcndf 

htfkmyj yt bpvtybkbcm, nj njulf dhzl kb åeltn 

bvtnm cvsck gjlfdfnm yjdjt pfzdktybt ghzvj yf 

cktleñobq ltym. Jlyfrj tckb ds cxbnftnt, xnj rjycekmcrbq 

hfåjnybr yt hfpjåhfkcz d dfitv ltkt bkb 

cbnefwbb, nj gjlfntkm pfzdktybz ljkéty cxbnfnm 

ctåz dghfdt jåhfnbnmcz pf dbpjq gjdnjhyj. 

Pltcm, d Cjtlbytyysö Infnfö, vs yt ghjdthztv 

dct ckexfb, bvtdibt vtcnj d rjycekmcndfö, yj vs 

jåhfoftv dybvfybt yf ghjwtyn jnrfpjd. B tckb, 

yfghbvth, vtéle ldevz ljkéyjcnysvb kbwfvb jlyjuj 

rjycekmcndf djpybrftn åjkmijt hfcöjéltybt 

gj xbcke jnrfpjd, nj njulf vs vjétv gjbynthtcjdfnmcz, 

gjxtve nfr. B rjycekmcrbq hfåjnybr åjktt 

dscjrjuj hfyuf, rjytxyj ét, gjcnegbn ghfdbkmyj, 

tckb pflfcn nfrjq djghjc. 

Djghjc: Tcnm kb djpvjéyjcnm epyfnm, gjxtve 

dfv jnrfpfkb d dbpt? 

Létqrjåc: Dyt dczrjuj cjvytybz. Rjulf dfv 

jnrfpsdfñn d dbpt, ds gjkexftnt gbcmvtyyjt jåüzcytybt, 

yf jcyjdfybb rfrjuj hfpltkf pfrjyf – 214(b) 

bkb tot rfrjuj-kbåj – ghbyznj lfyyjt htitybt. 

Djghjc: F xnj nfrjt hfpltk 214(b)? 

Létqrjåc: Hfpltk 214(b) cjlthébn cfvjt hfcghjcnhfytyyjt 

jåjcyjdfybt, gj rjnjhjve dfv jnrfpsdfñn 

d dbpt. Jyj pfrkñxftncz d njv, xnj rjycekmc 


50 


q hfåjnybr htibk, xnj ds yfvthtdftntcm cnfnm 

bvvbuhfynjv. Ds yt cvjukb ecnfyjdbnm cdzpb c 

dfitq hjlbyjq. 

Djghjc: B d änjq cbnefwbb, tckb ds vjukb ås 

ghtlüzdbnm ljgjkybntkmyst ljrevtyns, rjnjhst 

erfpsdfkb ås yf rfreñ-kbåj eåtlbntkmyeñ ghbxbye, 

gj rjnjhjq ds dthytntcm, njulf änj vjukj ås gjckeébnm 

ghbxbyjq gjlfxb gjdnjhyjuj pfzdktybz. 

Jlyfrj tckb jyb gjgflfñn yf cjåtctljdfybt, tcnm 

kb rfrjt-kbåj ecnfyjdktyyjt dhtvz yf jåhfåjnre 

lfyysö? 

Létqrjåc: 97 ghjwtynjd kñltq, rjnjhst ghbikb 

yf cjåtctljdfybt, tckb bö cjxkb eljdktndjhzñobvb 

nhtåjdfybz, gjkexfñn dbpe kbåj d njn ét ltym, 

kbåj yt gjplytt 48 xfcjd gjckt cjåtctljdfybz. 

Ceotcndetn jxtym vfksq ghjwtyn ckexftd, rjnjhst 

ljkéys yfghfdkznmcz d Dfibyunjy lkz lfkmytqitq 

ghjdthrb yf ghtlvtn åtpjgfcyjcnb. Rfr hfp 

gj änbv ckexfzv d 2002-v b 2003 ujlfö åskb pyfxbntkmyst 

pflthérb, b djn bvtyyj pltcm vs ctqxfc 

ltqcndbntkmyj ljåbkbcm ceotcndtyysö ekexitybq 

– dvtcnj 79 lytq, nhtåjdfdiböcz lkz dnjhbxyjq 

ghjdthrb, ctqxfc änj 14 lytq. Z levfñ, änj zdysq 

ghjuhtcc. 

Ytqafö: Vbybcnthcndj dyenhtyytq åtpjgfcyjcnb 

b Ujcltgfhnfvtyn dtcmvf ntcyj cjnhelybxfñn d djghjct 

lfkmytqibö djpvjéysö ecjdthitycndjdfybq. 

Vs levftv j njv, rfrbv jåhfpjv vjétv åscnhj 

ghjdthbnm kñltq, rjnjhsö ytjåöjlbvj ghjdthbnm, b 

yt ghjdthznm ntö kñltq, d jnyjitybb rjnjhsö eét 

bltn ghjdthrf. 

Léjycjy: (Jåhfofzcm r Létybc Létqrjåc) Z öjxe 

cghjcbnm dfc j dnjhbxyjq gjlfxt pfzdktybz. Rjulf 

dfv yeéyj gjlfnm pfzdktybt dnjhbxyj, nj tcnm 

dyjdm gjlfnm dtcm rjvgktrn pfzdktybz, ds dyjdm 

gkfnbnt dbpjdjq cåjh. 

Létqrjåc: Änj nfr. 

Léjycjy: Z njkmrj xnj pfgkfnbk 100 ljkkfhjd d 

hjccbqcrjv gjcjkmcndt pf vjt pfzdktybt – änj pyfxbntkmyfz 

cevvf lkz vyjubö kñltq. 

Vjétn kb rnj-nj, gjlevfd: ≤Vyt rfétncz, xnj 

änjn cjnhelybr yt jåhfoftncz cj vyjq nfr, rfr yflktébn. 

Z öjxe, xnjås tot rnj-nj pfukzyek d vjt 

ljcmt≥, d ecnfyjdktyyjv gjhzlrt gjlfnm dnjhbxyjt 

pfzdktybt b nfrbv jåhfpjv ljdjkmyj åscnhj ghbcjtlbybnm 

r cdjtve ltke dnjheñ gfhe ukfp? Djpvjéyj 

kb nfrjt? 

Létqrjåc: Vyjubt rjycekmcndf ghbåtufñn r 

cktleñotq ghjwtleht: tckb dfv jnrfpfkb d dslfxt 

dbps, b änj ghjbpjikj ytcrjkmrj hfp, crfétv, ldféls, 

b ds gjlftnt pfzdre dyjdm, d nhtnbq hfp, herjdjlbntkm 

jnltkf pfqvtncz dfibv ltkjv. Cbnefwbz 

ltqcndbntkmyj åsdftn hfpyjq d hfpysö rjycekmcndfö 

b pfdbcbn jn jåütvf hfåjns b hfpvthjd infnf. 

Djghjc: Ds ujdjhbkb j dtå-cfqnt Ujcelfhcndtyyjuj 

ltgfhnfvtynf. 

Létqrjåc: Lf, änj nfr. 

Djghjc: Yj dtlm ds nfr ét crfpfkb, xnj ceotcndeñn 

hfpkbxbz b d pfdbcbvjcnb jn cnhfy. Rfr vjéyj 

epyfnm jå änbö hfpkbxbzö? Relf yeéyj jåhfnbnmcz 

yfdthyzrf, xnjås dct änj dszcybnm? 

Létqrjåc: Tckb ds jnghfdbntcm yf yfi dtå-cfqn 

[http://www.travel.state.gov], ds xthtp kbyrb cdzpfnmcz 

cj dctvb yfibvb gjcjkmcndfvb b rjycekmcndfvb, 

rjnjhst pfybvfñncz jåhfåjnrjq dbpjdsö pfzdktybq. 

B vs ghjcbkb dct rjycekmcrbt exhtéltybz 

gjvtcnbnm yf dctö bö bylbdblefkmysö dtå-cfqnfö nt 

cgtwbfkmyst ghjwtlehs lkz kñltq, ghjöjlzobö dbpjdjt 

jajhvktybt d chjxyjv gjhzlrt. 

Djghjc: F d hfvrfö Ckeéås dytiytq njhujdkb 

bkb d bysö dfhbfynfö ceotcndeñn kb ghjwtlehs 

lkz pfzdbntktq-åbpytcvtyjd? 

Létqrjåc: Lf, ceotcndeñn. E yfc vyjétcndj 

hfpkbxysö dbljd ghjuhfvv. E yfc tcnm ghjuhfvvs, 

d hfvrfö rjnjhsö kbwf, pfhtubcnhbhjdfyyst d 

Njhujdjq gfkfnt CIF, vjuen ghbukfifnmcz yf cjåtctljdfybt 

gj ecrjhtyyjve uhfabre. D ytrjnjhsö 

yfibö rjycekmcndfö tcnm cjnhelybr, cgtwbfkmyj 

ghtlcnfdkzñobq åbpytc. Rjvgfybb vjuen gjpdjybnm 

tve, xnjås yfpyfxbnm dcnhtxe. Rféljt rjycekmcndj 

hfåjnftn gj-cdjtve. 

Z levfñ, xnj gjckt 11 ctynzåhz cajhvbhjdfkjcm 

jibåjxyjt ghtlcnfdktybt, xnj vs jnrfpsdftv 

d dslfxt åjkmituj xbckf dbp yf jcyjdfybb Hfpltkf 

214(b), d rjnjhjv htxm bltn j gjntywbfkmysö bvvbuhfynfö. 

Yj afrnbxtcrb ctujlyz ghjwtyn jnrfpjd 

d dslfxt dbp gj dctve vbhe ytvyjuj ybét, xtv jy 

åsk lj 11 ctynzåhz. 

Ctqxfc vs jåkflftv åjkmibv jåütvjv byajhvfwbb 

b ltkbvcz tñ c lheubvb futyncndfvb – vs 

vjétv, yfghbvth, epyfnm, pfxbckty kb nfrjq-nj cneltyn 

d nfrjt-nj extåyjt pfdtltybt, – gjänjve d bnjut 

ghjwtyn gjkjébntkmyjuj htitybz gj pfzdktybzv 

yf dbps edtkbxbkcz gjckt 11 ctynzåhz. 

Rhbnthbb lkz dslfxb dbp yt bpvtybkbcm. Htfkmyj 

bpvtybkjcm nj, xnj vs ghtlghbyzkb ifub c wtkmñ 

åjkmit epyfdfnm j gjlfntkzö dbpjdsö pfzdktybq. 

Vs bynthdmñbhetv åjkmit pfzdbntktq b åjktt ghbcnfkmyj 

bpexftv ljrevtyns b gjljåyjuj hjlf dtob, 

jlyfrj rhbnthbb lkz gjkextybz dbps yt bpvtybkbcm. 

Dtleobq: Z gjkfufñ, yf änjv vjéyj jcnfyjdbnmcz. 

Z öjxe gjåkfujlfhbnm dctö dfc pf nj, xnj ds 

ghbikb cñlf ctujlyz, b pf jåceéltybt dctö änbö 

dféysö djghjcjd. Z levfñ, dsdjl, rjnjhsq vs vjétv 

cltkfnm, pdexbn nfr: ldthb Fvthbrb jnrhsns, 

b vs ghbdtncndetv byjcnhfyysö ujcntq, ghbtpéfñn 

kb jyb r yfv gj ltkfv åbpytcf, lkz extås, bkb hflb 

nehbpvf. 



Z yfltñcm, xnj d crjhjv dhtvtyb ytrjnjhst ghjåktvs, 

j rjnjhsö vs cksifkb ctujlyz, yfqlen cdjt 

htitybt. B z levfñ, yf jcyjdfybb ecksifyyjuj zcyj, 

xnj åsneñobt vbas, gj cenb ltkf, yt cjjndtncndeñn 

ltqcndbntkmyjcnb b zdkzñncz-nfrb vbafvb 

d ghzvjv cvsckt änjuj ckjdf. B, yfrjytw, tcnm rfrbt-nj 

dtob, rjnjhst åbpytcvtys b gjlfntkb pfzdktybq 

vjuen bcgjkmpjdfnm, xnjås jåktuxbnm ghjwtcc 

jajhvktybz dbps d wtkjv. 

Gjänjve tot hfp åkfujlfhñ dfc pf nj, xnj ds 

ghbikb, b vs yflttvcz dyjdm edbltnm dfc d Cjtlbytyysö 

Infnfö Fvthbrb. Åkfujlfhñ dfc. ∆ 

1 ≤Byuthcjkk-Häyl≥ – änj lbdthcbabwbhjdfyyfz abhvf-bpujnjdbntkm, 

d rjnjhjq hfåjnftn 40 000 xtkjdtr b rjnjhfz bvttn cdsit 

80 ghjbpdjlcndtyysö ghtlghbznbq dj dctv vbht. 

2 Njhujdfz gfkfnf CIF (AmCham) zdkztncz rhegytqitq d vbht 

ytrjvvthxtcrjq jhufybpfwbq åbpytcf, d rjnjhjq ghtlcnfdktys 

3 vbkkbjyf rjvgfybq b rjnjhfz bvttn 102 jnltktybz pf heåtéjv. 

Jhufybpfwbz ghtlcnfdkztn fvthbrfycrbt rjhgjhfwbb b vfkst 

ghtlghbznbz d hfpkbxysö cnhfyfö. 



≤Z dütpéfñ b dstpéfñ åtp ghjåktv≥ 

Rfhkjc Dfyyb 

Vtytléth gj djghjcfv hfpdbnbz åbpytcf d Xbkb 

≤Åfr Akjhblf Åäyr Y.F.≥, Cfynmzuj, Xbkb 

Åelexb vtytléthjv 

gj hfpdbnbñ 

åbpytcf 

d Xbkb, z gjvjufñ 

xbkbqcrbv rjvgfybzv 

ghbjåhtnfnm c gjvjomñ 

pfqvjd åfyrjd 

CIF fvthbrfycrjt 

jåjheljdfybt, 

cgjcjåcndez, nfrbv 

jåhfpjv, erhtgktybñ 

fvthbrfycrjuj 

hsyrf rfgbnfkmysö njdfhjd. Z cgtwbfkbpbheñcm yf 

jrfpfybb abyfycjdjq gjllthérb rkbtynfv d nfrbö 

jåkfcnzö, rfr äythutnbrf, jöhfyf jrheéfñotq chtls 

b nhfycgjhn. CIF bvtñn åjkmijt pyfxtybt lkz 

vjtq ltzntkmyjcnb, gjnjve xnj jyb ghtljcnfdkzñn 

vjbv rkbtynfv njdfhs b eckeub, ytjåöjlbvst bv 

lkz ecgtiyjq hfåjns d cjdhtvtyysö eckjdbzö dscjrjq 

hsyjxyjq rjyrehtywbb. 

Dcktlcndbt öfhfrnthf vjtq ltzntkmyjcnb z åsdfñ 

d CIF ldf-nhb hfpf d ujl, b nfr yf ghjnzétybb ctvb 

gjcktlybö ktn. Gjckt nthfrnjd 11 ctynzåhz 2001 

ujlf z pfvtnbk aeylfvtynfkmyst bpvtytybz d cbcntvt 

åtpjgfcyjcnb CIF. 

Åsnetn vytybt, xnj eétcnjxtybt vth åtpjgfcyjcnb 

d fähjgjhnfö ckeébn ghtgzncndbtv lkz dtltybz 

åbpytcf d CIF, jlyfrj d vjtv ckexft yteljåcndf 

jrfpfkbcm vbybvfkmysvb. 

Ukfdyst bpvtytybz, rjnjhst z pfvtnbk, rfcfñncz 

gjdsitybz åtpjgfcyjcnb d fähjgjhnfö. D CIF 

ntgthm ltqcndeñn åjktt cnhjubt vths åtpjgfcyjcnb 

ghb gjcflrt gfccfébhjd yf åjhn cfvjktnjd, f ljcvjnh 

gfccfébhjd b bö åfuféf jceotcndkztncz åjktt 

nofntkmyj. 

Ghb dütplt d CIF, vtyz ajnjuhfabheñn b åthen 

jngtxfnrb gfkmwtd. Ghb ghjöjéltybb ghjdthrb, rjnjheñ 

jceotcndkztn ckeéåf åtpjgfcyjcnb fähjgjhnf, 

vtyz ghjczn cyznm åjnbyrb, b ythtlrj rnj-nj bp 

cjnhelybrjd ghjdjlbn abpbxtcrbq ljcvjnh. Vjq åfufé 

ghjöjlbn xthtp rfvthe ghjdthrb åtpjgfcyjcnb, 

f byjulf cjnhelybr ckeéås åtpjgfcyjcnb jcvfnhbdftn 

cjlthébvjt vjtuj xtvjlfyf. 

Änb vths åtpjgfcyjcnb pfcnfdbkb vtyz åjktt dybvfntkmyj 

r njve, xnj z gfreñ d åfufé. D hzlt ckexftd 

vyt ghbikjcm jcnfdbnm d fähjgjhne vfybrñhyst 

yjéybws, rjnjhst z gjkjébk d hexyeñ rkflm, 

yj ybrfrbö lheubö nhelyjcntq z yt bcgsnfk. 

Hfpevttncz, änb vths ytcrjkmrj edtkbxbdfñn jxthtlb, 

b vyt ghböjlbncz jndjlbnm åjkmit dhtvtyb yf 

ghjöjéltybt dctö ghjwtleh ghjdthrb d fähjgjhne. 

Jlyfrj jnyjitybt rj vyt rfr r byjcnhfywe, dütpéfñotve 

d CIF, ybrjulf yt åskj gkjöbv bkb 

ytedfébntkmysv. Vtyz ghjcnj cghfibdfñn j wtkb 

vjtuj dbpbnf b j njv, rfr ljkuj z gkfybheñ jcnfdfnmcz 

yf nthhbnjhbb CIF. Z dütpéfñ b dstpéfñ 

åtp ghjåktv. 

Xnj rfcftncz vjtuj gjlöjlf r dsgjkytybñ cdjtq 

hfåjns, nj cjåsnbz 11 ctynzåhz yt pfcnfdbkb vtyz 

dyjcbnm d ytuj rfrbt-kbåj hflbrfkmyst bpvtytybz. 

Vjz ltzntkmyjcnm d CIF jceotcndkztncz ntv ét 

jåhfpjv, xnj b lj nthfrnjd, b vyt yt ghbikjcm 

dyjcbnm rfrbt-kbåj bpvtytybz d vjb åbpytc-gkfys. 

Hsyjr CIF jcnftncz ébpytyyj dféysv lkz vjtq 

ltzntkmyjcnb. Åjktt njuj, nthfrns 11 ctynzåhz yt 

bpvtybkb vjtuj joeotybz kbxyjq åtpjgfcyjcnb b pfobotyyjcnb, 

rjnjhjt z bcgsnsdfñ, rjulf ghbtpéfñ 

d CIF. 

Ljgjkybntkmyst vths åtpjgfcyjcnb yt zdkzñncz 

jåhtvtybntkmysvb, b kbxyj z yt bcgsnfk rfrbö-kbåj 

åjkmibö yteljåcnd. Lkz vtyz hfåjnfnm d CIF 

– eljdjkmcndbt. 

Lf, yf dsgjkytybt dctö ghjwtleh åtpjgfcyjcnb 

eöjlbn åjkmit dhtvtyb, b vyt ghböjlbncz ghbtpéfnm 

d fähjgjhn yf ldf xfcf hfymit, xtv ghtélt, 

yj z cxbnfñ änb bpvtytybz ytjåöjlbvsvb, b bö 

yeéyj åskj jéblfnm. Z yt djphféfñ ghjnbd njuj, 

xnjås ghjdtcnb d jxthtlb xenm åjkmit dhtvtyb, 

gjnjve xnj, d rjywt rjywjd, z xedcndeñ ctåz d 

åjkmitq åtpjgfcyjcnb. 

Gjdsityyst vths åtpjgfcyjcnb cdbltntkmcndeñn 

j njv, xnj dkfcnb CIF yfghzétyyj hfåjnfñn, pfobofz 

cdjbö uhfélfy b dctö ghbtpébö jn djpvjéysö 

nthfrnjd. ∆ 



≤Åjkmit åtpjgfcyjcnb ghb vbybvevt yteljåcnd≥ 

Lébvvb Xfy 

≤Fh-Létq-Gb Kbvbntl≥, Ujyrjyu 

Rfr b vyjubv ujyrjyucrbv 

åbpytcvtyfv 

rbnfqcrjuj 

ghjbcöjéltybz, vyt 

dhtvz jn dhtvtyb ghböjlbncz 

tplbnm d pfheåtéyst 

rjvfylbhjdrb gj 

ltkfv vjtq rjvgfybb, 

pfybvfñotqcz bvgjhnjv 

b ärcgjhnjv. D vft 

änjuj ujlf z tplbk d 

CIF yf ytltkñ, xnjås 

dcnhtnbnmcz c ltkjdsvb gfhnythfvb. 

Gthtktn bp Ujyrjyuf d Xbrfuj ghjitk åtp ghjåktv, 

öjnz b åsk jxtym ljkubv. Vjq cfvjktn ghbptvkbkcz 

d Xbrfuj hfyj enhjv gj vtcnyjve dhtvtyb, 

xnj cjjndtncndetn yjxyjve dhtvtyb d Fpbb. Z 

jnghfdbkcz d pjye gfcgjhnyjuj rjynhjkz b pfyzk 

vtcnj d jxthtlb lkz ntö, rnj ghbåsk d CIF rfr 

gjctnbntkm. Gthtlj vyjq åskj ghbvthyj 30–40 xtkjdtr, 

gjänjve vyt yeéyj åskj yfåhfnmcz nthgtybz b 

élfnm, gjrf gjljqltn vjz jxthtlm. 

Yfc dscnhjbkb lheu pf lheujv, b ldf cjnhelybrf 

ckeéås åtpjgfcyjcnb yfghfdkzkb yfc r yeéyjq 

cnjqrt. Dct ghjöjlbkj dtcmvf jhufybpjdfyyj, åtp 

rfrjq-kbåj ythfpåthböb. Chtlb cjnhelybrjd ckeéås 

åtpjgfcyjcnb, rjnjhsv åskj gjhextyj eghfdkznm 

änbv ghjwtccjv, åskf b étyobyf-gjkbwtqcrbq fpbfncrjq 

dytiyjcnb. 

Nfv dbctk pyfr, ghtleghtélfñobq yfc j njv, 

xnjås vs yt drkñxfkb yfib vjåbkmyst ntktajys, 

b xnj e kñåjuj, rnj yfheibn änj ghfdbkj, ntktajy 

vjétn åsnm rjyabcrjdfy^ Gjcrjkmre z eét lfdyj 

gjrbyek åjhn cfvjktnf, z åsk ytvyjuj jpflfxty 

änbv juhfybxtybtv b yt vju gjyznm, gjxtve ytkmpz 

gjkmpjdfnmcz cjnjdsv ntktajyjv. Dgjcktlcndbb z 

epyfk, xnj änj zdkztncz ljgjkybntkmyjq vthjq åtpjgfcyjcnb. 

Vyt gjnhtåjdfkjcm ghbvthyj 15 vbyen lkz njuj, 

xnjås jxthtlm gjljikf, b z jxenbkcz gthtl cjnhelybwtq 

bvvbuhfwbjyyjq ckeéås, rjnjhfz pflfkf vyt 

ytcrjkmrj djghjcjd. Eljdktndjhbdibcm vjbvb jndtnfvb, 

jyf gjghjcbkf vtyz ghbkjébnm vjb ghfdsq b 

ktdsq erfpfntkmyst gfkmws jlby pf lheubv r ärhfye 

lkz äktrnhjyyjuj crfybhjdfybz jngtxfnrjd gfkmwtd. 

Z dsgjkybk tt erfpfybz, jyf gjcnfdbkf gtxfnm 

d vjq ujyrjyucrbq gfcgjhn b hfphtibkf vyt dütpl d 

CIF. Dcz ghjwtlehf pfyzkf kbim ldt-nhb vbyens, 

b z e vtyz yt djpybrkj ybrfrbö ghjåktv. 

Öjnz ghb gjtplrfö d lheubt cnhfys vyt yt ghböjlbkjcm 

ltkfnm jngtxfnrjd gfkmwf, kbxyj z cxbnfñ, 

xnj ghbyznst ctqxfc d CIF ljgjkybntkmyst vths 

ghfrnbxtcrb yt cjplfñn kbiybö yteljåcnd. Z yt 

levfñ, xnj kbxyst lfyyst, gjkextyyst jn vtyz 

dkfcnzvb CIF, ghtlcnfdkzñn rfrjq-kbåj hbcr ghbxbytybz 

dhtlf kbxyj vyt bkb vjtq cnhfyt, b, ghbvtyzz 

änj nhtåjdfybt rj dctv ghbtpébv, fvthbrfyws 

erhtgkzñn åtpjgfcyjcnm cdjtq hjlbys. 

Rfr uhfélfyby Rbnfz, ghjébdfñobq d Ujyrjyut, 

z gjvyñ, xnj gjckt nthfrnjd 11 ctynzåhz yfv 

nfrét ghbikjcm cnjkryenmcz c hzljv yteljåcnd. Z 

cxbnfñ, xnj d yfibö bynthtcfö, xnjås CIF jcnfdfkbcm 

åtpjgfcyjq b ghjwdtnfñotq cnhfyjq lkz cdjbö 

uhfélfy. Nt pfnhfns, rjnjhst z, rfr gjctnbntkm 

CIF, ntgthm dsyeélty ltkfnm, dyjcz cdjq drkfl d 

gjdsitybt åtpjgfcyjcnb (yfghbvth, yeéyj nhfnbnm 

åjkmit dhtvtyb d fähjgjhne, xnjås ghjqnb ghjdthre), 

zdkzñncz vbybvfkmysvb b cjdthityyj ytjåhtvtybntkmysvb 

lkz vtyz. ∆ 


54 


ÅBÅKBJUHFABZ 

Xnj tot gjxbnfnm j CIF 

The Institute of International Education, Inc. 

Intensive English USA: The World’s Most Complete Guide to 

Intensive English Language Instruction. Washington, DC: 

The Institute of International Education, Inc., 2005. 

http://www.iiebooks.org/inad.html 

James, Marsha. Studying in the United States Still Is 

Favored by International Students. Washington, DC: 

Voice of America News, 23 August 2005. 

http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/ 

2005-08/2005-08-23-voa1.cfm 

Kopp, Harry W. Commercial Diplomacy and the 

National Interest. New York, NY: Business Council for 

International Understanding, 2004. 

http://www.bciu.org/news/ 

Commercial_Diplomacy_National_Interest.htm 

Lake, Jennifer E. Border and Transportation Security: 

Overview of Congressional Issues. Washington, DC: 

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Ujcelfhcndtyysq ltgfhnfvtyn CIF yt ytctn jndtncndtyyjcnb 

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2005 ujlf. 



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http://www.uschamber.com/international/directory/ 

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htm 

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http://travel.state.gov/visa/temp/temp_1305.html 

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http://educationusa.state.gov/ 


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http://educationusa.state.gov/usvisa.htm 


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http://exchanges.state.gov/education/fulbright/ 


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56 


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